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Hoaxes.

HOAXES .

( Continued from p . 20 . ) nnHE DEADLY UPAS . —The apochrypal story of the Javanese tree , the I notorious upas , or chettik , which was long rumoured to kill everybody who approached it , is still accepted by some as being partially true . As a legend ifc is pretty , bufc as a hoax actually played upon scientific men , it was stupid . Originally it purported fco be written by Dr . Foersch , a Dutch surgeon , but the identity of this individual was never established , although it is generally believed to havo been fche invention of George Steevens , an

unscrupulous antiquary and savant of the last century , who , by way of revenge on the Society of Antiquaries for refusing him their Fellowship , " entrapped his contemporaries in the meshes of this ingenious hoax . " The tree is stated to be inimical to the life of any other plant for a distance often or twelve miles , " there are no iish in the waters , nor has any rat , mouse , or any other vermin been seen there ; and when any birds fly so near the tree fchat the effluvia reaches them , they fall a victim to the effects of the poison . "

Criminals condemned fco die , could escape the extreme penalty by becoming a collector of poison from the tree , tut not more than two out of every twenty survived the dangerous undertaking , as the whitened bones strewn over the desert testified . Such an attractive story as this soon found willing believers . According to an article in ' ¦ Countries of the World , " Erasmas Darwin embalmed it in his stately versos , poets of a less scientific type followed his example , while painters innumerable vied with

each other in picturing the scene of so much desolation . " In reality the tree is a spurge ( Antiaris toxicaria ) , whioh , when pierced , exudes a milky juice , containing , as is usually the case with such plants , an acrid poison . But , so far from being so pestilent as described , the tree has been cultivated in our botanic gardens , and is known to grow in the Java woods along with other vegetation , which it does not injure , and on its branches birds and lizards have been seen to perch . It is , however , fair to say that the soil on which

it grows is often cavernous , and in ' the valley of death ' exhales carbonic acid and sulphurous vapours , which arc fatal fco animal lifo , and that from the sames causes operating in the streams many of the latter are destitute of fishes . The juice is also used as an arrow poison , and often causes disagreeable irritation , or worse , to those who climb the tree , or wear a garment made of the inner bark . This irritating character is , however ,

common to the juice of the order to which the upas belong . The tree is not confined to Java , for a traveller describes it as flourishing in a valley near the town of Bruni , in Borneo , surrounded by hills covered with dense vegetation . It is , however , curious , as proving that the ancient tales about it are based on some foundation of fact , that the natives are afraid to go under its shade , and declare tbat birds who alight on its branches often fall off dead . "

THE LUNAB HOAX . —A pamphlet purporting to describe the discoveries of Sir . John Herschel at the Cape of Good Hope , though full of the most palpable blunders in astronomy and mathematics , was so plausible that an edition of 60 , 000 sold in one week , and copies were bought at high prices at book auctions in New York . It was many times reprinted , and has

been produced in fac-simile , with the object of entrapping the unwary collector . Yefc this absurdity , in which the descriptions were borrowed from the " Arabian Nights , " and the lunar inhabitants from " Peter Wilkins , " which managed to deceive Arago , was written by Bichard Alton Locke , the editor of a New York newspaper .

A HOAX EXTBAOBDINARY . —About the timo of Buonaparte's departure for St . Helena , a respectably dressed man caused a quantity of handbills to be distributed through Chester , in which he informed the public that a great number of genteel families had embarked at Plymouth , and would certainly proceed with the British regiment appointed to accompany the exemperor to St . Helena ; he added farther , that tlie islands being so infested with rats , His Majesty ' s ministers bad determined that it should be forthwith effectually cleared of thoso noxious animals . To facilitate this important purpose , says " Flowers of Anecdote , " where the story is related , he had