Reviews.

flocks and herds aro described as immense , bnt they had no horses or draught cattle . To some extent they understood mining . As to religion , thoy worshipped tho snn as God , and on all their altars kept a flame ever burning , to which fact they believed they were indebted for all their happiness . Generally , they resembled the Aztecs , as described by Goniara and Diaz —who were members of Cortes ' s

expedition , and to whose narratives we are indebted chiefly for our knowledge of the people of Mexico—only less inclined to warlike pursuits . In his travels Father Kino passed to the South of the Fire Mountain , supposed to be the Sau Francisco Mountain , through a portion of the Black Forest , to the north east , in which direction he shortly afterwards struck tho head waters of Mimbres , aud ho

followed this stream till its waters buddenl y were lost in the earth . After some months , Father Kino resolved upon returning , having determined to visit the country again , and establish Christianity in it . Ho finds himself at length , after an absence of over four years , ai the place whence he set out . He immediately commenced his preparations for a second exploration , but delays occurred , and it was

not till seven years had passed that , in lb' 65 , he had managed to perfect all his arrangements . Later , in 1070 , he , with three others , started on a mission through the wilderness . Of their journey and the perils they encountered , we are told there is no record , save that iu 1672 they reached Gila , —then commenced establishing missions among the Tagars . But further , and on , —1679 , they were

successful in establishing five . The "Ojo Caliento , " or hotspring , which the author and his companions reached after crossing the bed of tho Membres , and ascending its west bank , which they followed for about ten miles , is described as lying " in the top of a mound nine hundred and sixty-two feet in circumference at its base , and forty-six feet in height , the whole

mound being , undoubtedly , a deposit made by the waters of the spring . We found the surface of the water about five feet below the top of the mound , and very clear and quite hot , showing a temperature 135 degrees of Fahrenheit , while it discharged large quantities of carbonic acid gas . When cooled it was quite palatable . " A lew days later the party are surprised by a number of Apaches just when they

had entered a small canon or pass , and one of them named Lawes was killed . Mr . Cozzens , not long after , bent on antelope shooting , goes out alone , and has a narrow escape from an Apache , who approaches concealed beneath a bush . Fortunately he takes a good shot at him with his revolver , and the next morning contrives to rejoin his companions .

The scalp dance , which Mr . Cozzens had an opportunity of witnessing duing his captivity among the Apaches , though an account of a most disgusting exhibition , is well described , as are many other exciting scenes and incidents . At p . 80 , we have an account of the mission of San Xavier del Bac , built by the Jesuits in 1678 , and distant some ten miles from Tucson . This mission , says the author , " is

the most beautiful , as well as remarkable , specimen of the Saracenic style of architecture to be found iu the country ; nor have lever seen a building in such perfect harmony with its proportions as is this . " The moment the eye rests upon it , one experiences a feeling of entire satisfaction , so complete is it in every detail . Its front is richly ornamented with elaborate carving . Standing in niches , and

grouped over and around tho main encrance , are the remains of the figures of tho twelve Apostles , evidently the work of a master hand . From the front corners rise let ' ty and beautifully proportioned towers , one of which is surmounted with a most graceful spire . Over the main body of tho church , which is cruciform iu shape , rises a massive dome ; while the walls , both inside aud out , are capped by handsome

cornices . ' 1 ' urther on , says Mr . Cozzens , " Alas ! time has blackened its frescoed walls , and sacrilegious hands have defaced its fine statuary aud paintings ; but the building itself will stand in its massive strength for a thousand years , autl its graceful spire , silently pointing upwards , will not fail to remind tho beholder that hundreds of years ago , upon the deserts of Arizona , tho example of the lowly

Nazarcue was held forth for the guidance of pagan Indians , in obedience to the Divine commaud , go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel . " Accompanying this is a very well executed illustra - tion of tho building , which certainly confirms the author ' s sketch . Indeed , the illustrations throughout the volume aro both numerous and for tho most part effective . The rock "El Moro , " called by the

Americans " Inscription Hock , " is described at p . 13 i ) , and among tho inscriptions are quoted the following : — " Don Joseph de Bazemballes , 1526 ; " "Governor and Captain General of tho Province of New Mexico for our Lord , the King , passed by this place on his return from the pueblo of Zuui , on tho 2 i ) th of July , of the year 1620 , and put them in peace at their petition , asking the favour to become

subjects iif His Majesty ; and renew their grave obedience . All of which they did with tree consent , knowing it prudent , as well as very Christian . '' "Here passed General Dun Diegude Baregas , to conquer Santa Fe for the Royal Crown , IS ' ew Mexico , at his owu cost , in the year WJ' > . " But wo have not space to extend these remarks . Suffice it that

besides an excellent description , for which wo havo already given the author credit , he exhibits a fine appreciation of humour—all ' , -iuds of eccentricities being introduced on all convenient occasions and amusingly reeoided . We hcarii ' y commend this book to the notice of our readers as a capital work uii its class , and with these words take farewell of it , with a full sense of the pleasure derived from our somewhat hasty perusal of its pages .

The Quarterlies.

THE QUARTERLIES .

THE most noteworth y article in the Edinburgh is , in our estimation , the one which treats of "The Geology of . India . " It is based on certain Geological Papers on Western ' India , by Dr . Carter , M . D ., printed for the Government of Bombay in 1857 , and two chapters of a recent work b y Mr . Blandford , who ' is a member of the Geological Survey , now iu progress , in India , for use in tho Government schools ,

The Quarterlies.

and contains much valuable information relating both to the Geology and Ethnology of the country . The most ancient Geological formations , we are told , aro not , as might bo imagined , the Himalayas and the Suliman ranges , which form the Northern and Western bonnderies of India , but will be found in the Paknozoio Rocks " contained within certain hill ranges , the Aravulli , the , Vindhya , and others ,

so that if at the earliest period of India ' s geologic history , a man could have stood on the edge of the mountain fort of Rhotas in Bengal , he would have seen an apparently illimitable ocean to the north , east and south ; the lines of the Viudhya , to the west and south-west , would have jutted out as bold promontories , skirted by islands of the same geologic formation . The place occupied

by the Himalayas , by the Suliman and Hala ranges , was then part of the ocean whoso waves beat against the basis of the Vindhya and Aravulli to the north , and against the plateau of Mysore to tho south , east and west . As yet the Western Ghauts were ouly traceable by lines of Palajozeic islands , and nearly the whole of the Dekhan Kutch , und Guzerat were sea . What existed of India was an island , with

irregular chains of islands stretching south-west , iu the direction of Africa . " Then follows a detailed account of how " the filling up , as it were , of this skeleton , " occurred at various ages following . " The distinctive rocks of the Triassic , Jurassic and Cretaceous secondary periods led into the Tertiary , and at first were the result of volcanic action so wonderful and so enormous that it is difficult to comprehend them .

The Plutonic rocks were in some places upheaved , contorted , and twisted into marvellous forms ; fresh eruptive powers gave early metamorphic rocks , gneiss , mica and hornblende schists , clay-slate , limestone , & c , and to them succeeded the Cambrian and Silurian series , and the Oolitic in the fresh-water shales , limestone , sandstone and coal , and tho marine deposits of Kutch and Pondicherry . Between the Oolitic

and tho scene of the Tertiary period , the first great volcanic upheaval of the Dekhan may havo taken place , excluding the sea from the central part of Western India , and forming lakes of fresh water , in which traces of animal life are found in shells and fishes , bnt to the east and north , the valley of the Ganges was as yet sea , thongh the Himalayas and the Suliman ranges had been thrown up to bound it . "

Wo then advance "into the marine formations of the Miocene . " " Then followed the great Trappean effusion to tho West which preceded the Post-pliocene Eras , " by which " last upheaval the Gangetic Valley was filled up partially ; but the lower portion of India had probably partly risen from the sea in the Oolitic period of the Secondary Era , which may be inferred from tho eruption of

felspathic rocks , by which the lower portion of the peninsula is distinguished , and the green sand and gault of the Cretaceous periods , which are found at Pondicherry and elsewhere . " We cannot follow the writer through all the details of his sketch , but it is eminently interesting . As to the population , that is divided into two great classes , " the Aryan to the North , tho

Turanian or Dravidiau to tho South . " The Aryans , " at a distance of time now unascertainablo , emigrated in successive waves , from Central Asia , as it is supposed , not only to India but to the west , where their traces are distinctly followed by ethnological science . These Aryans brought with them flocks and herds , their noble language , and a certain degree of civilisation which

became gradually more aud more advanced . As they spread over the lands of the Gangetic Valley , they drew to them portions of the rude aboriginal people , hence arose communities , & c . These facts , we learn , are traceable " from the specimens of early literature which have survived among the northern Aryans ; " but we havo no similar records among the southern Turanians , where the same results as in

the north followed in a modified form , though of the means by which thoy were accomplished there is no evidence , till a period apparently very subsequent . A little further on we read of Kashmere , that it "has a history of its own apart from India , and which begins according to the ancient work Rajah Turangini , in 3714 B . C ., or at a very considerably more remote period than the earliest confirmed Aryan date . The

dynasty then reigning was the Kaurara , which lasted till 2448 B . C . It was succeeded by the first Gonardhya till 1217 B C , and tho recent Gonardhya reigned up till 216 B . C . Other dynasties followed ; smoke and fire worshippers , Boodhist , reverting to tho original Hindoo faith as it came after the expulsion of Boodhism This , therefore , is a long record of the most ancient civilisation , and

Kashmere was evidently a powerful monarchy , having authority as far as the Dekhan in the Boodhist period , as its excavated temples and erections prove . In Kashmere , the first Aryans had found a soil aud climate which induced progress in invention and forms of art which still prevail . Even the earlier population seems to have

produced architects and sculptors as well as historians and poets . Among the other articles in the number may be mentioned reviews of the "New Series of Wellington ' s Despatches , " " Reminiscences of William Macready , " and Kingtake ' s " Battle of Inkermauu , " with articles on " Modern Architecture and its Assailants , " and " Papal Rome aud Catholic Reform . "

The Quarterly also has an admirable review of " Macready ' s Reminiscences , " in which the writer traces the career of that eminent tragedian from early boyhood till his retirement from the stage , delineating with great impartiality all the salient features in his character . In addition to this are two other reviews , one of the life of " Lord Selburne , first Marquis of Lausdowne , " and the

other of the " Last Journals of David Livingstone . " There is , too , a survey of "National Education in tho United States , " an ecclesiastical article , in which are criticised the points severally taken up by Dr . Newman , Cardinal Manning , and Monsignor Capel , in connection with Mr . Gladstone ' s celebrated pamphlet on the Vatican

dogmas . The Statue of Memnon forms the subject of another paper , which should find many appreciative readers , while the political article , with which the number closes , on the relations at present existing and which may exist hereafter between " England and Russia in the East , " are fullv and ablv discussed .

The British Quarterly devotes its first article to a very masterly sketch of the life aud character of Gaspard de Coliguy , one of the most eminent victims of the Massacre of St , Bartholomew . This is