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British Archæological Association.
in Cornwall were not only civilised , but possibly even antiquaries . " Among the literary treasures of Castle Horneck were displayed five or six volumes of MSS ., collections of Dr . Borlase , including two autograph letters of Pope relating to Cornish spars , contributed by the Doctor in order to adorn the Doet ' s erotto at Twickenham : a fine conv of the
" Romaunt of the Rose , " with Horace Walpole's Straw berry-hill book plate \ a Cornish translation of the miracle play of " The Creation of the World" ( 16 9 8 ); a very early edition—possibly the etlitio princeps—of " Jack the Giant Killer , " sundry early Missals and I lora ?; and a rough manuscript note-book of the Herald who made Ihe visitation of Cornwall in 1620 . illustrated with the
bearings of most of the " County Families of that date . Monday was devoted to an excursion to St . Just , in the neig hbourhood of the Land ' s End . In their way thither they stopped to examine the celebrated Castle and Crom . lech of Chywoone , here universally known among the natives by the abbreviated name of Choone or Chun . As these lay at a considerable distance off the high road , and
as the tracks across the moors in these parts are scarcely suited to vehicles , the party were obliged to leave their cardriages and trust to their feet to take them to their estination . But they were well repaid for their labour in he ascent , the view on all sides being a perfect panorama , and the castle being almost an unique specimen of the transition from the rude cliff-castles which so commonl y
fortify and isolate the bold headlands of this and other coasts to the earlier structures introduced by the Normans . Although it was constructed entirely of rude stones , put together without any mortar or cement , and has probably crowned the height on which it stands for the best part of 2000 years , yet its plan and outline are still quite distinctly traceable . It forms almost a complete circle , being
about 180 yards long by 170 broad , and is surrounded by a double line of circumvallation and a fosse . The entrances to the outer and the inner circles are both perfect , the stones which flanked them being still in situ . The inner gateway , however , does not face the outer—an arrangement which must have added to the strength with which it could resist assailants . Jn the inner circle , the divisions
of the huts—either for the warders , or more probabl y for the ca * tle driven into them in times of danger—are still distinctl y traceable , and the well which supplied the castle with water can * be made out . A hundred years or more ago , when Dr . Borlase wrote , its inner walls were 7 ft . or 8 ft . high , and its outer walls neatly double that hei ght ; the fosse , too , was deeper than now . But the effects of wind
and storm , and uie visits oi thoughtless holiday-makers , and the depredations of neighboring cottagers and farmers have largely reduced the walls in bulk . It is to be hoped , however , that an end will be put to this wanton desecration of what " Murray " still calls " by far the best example of a hill-castle remaining in the West , " by placing it in the schedule of antiquities to be protected by
Sir John Lubbock ' s Bill . "In the erection of this cuiious and singular structure , " Mr . J . T . Blight wiites , " stones of great size were used , carefully built together , and at some parts tall uprights were placed at tolerably regular distances ; then large blocks were laid horizontally between them , and on these again courses of smaller stone . " He adds that other specimens of the same
style of building may be found at Bosullow , close by , and on the Downs of Zcnnor ; but neither of these can bear comparison for a moment with the magnificent castle to which the party were introduced on Monday by their guide and interpreter , Mr . William C . Borlase . Distant from it about a quarter of a mile stands a very perfect , though not very large cromlech , called als-j the Chywoone
or Chun Cromlech . The party walked to it across the moor while luncheon was being prepared , and were enabled to inspect it at their leisure . Mr . Borlase said that he had cleared out the interior of the cromlech , and had dug to the depth of a few feet below it , and had found so many cinerary traces that he had no doubt whatever of its having been intended as a sepulchral monument . He
considered it probable that it was nearly coeval with the castlc , an opinion which appeared to find general accept nice . He informed them also that it was originally embedded in the soil , being covered over , \ vith earth , which had gradually been worn away and had left its huge stones bare in consequence . This cromlech is nearly 1 2 ft . square and about Oft . high . The huge stone which covered it and its
four supporters all remain in their original position , one of the latter being largely out of the perpendicular . That itjis in so good a state of preservation may possibly be the effect of a circular Causeway of lesser stones which surrounds it , rendering the earth firm and solid on every side . Besides Mr . Borlase's viva voce descriptions of these tsvo relics of antiquity , there was read a paper on "The Cornish
Megaliths , " by the Rev . W . C . Lukis , for which the thanks of the Association were voted , though some of his conclusions were questioned by individual members . Having lunched upon the open moor , in a tent , the party made their way back to their carriages and pressed on for St . Just , where it was originally intended that they should have partaken of their midday meal . While
ihcit hovses were baited , they were conducted behind the inn to a curious amphitheatre , nearly circular , and about 125 ft . across , which Dr . Borlase and other writers of the last century mention as having been nearly perfect in their day . Being appropriated to the local wrestling matches which are held here at Easter and Whitsuntide , its distinctive features are now being sadly worn away , and it is
feared that unless something is done soon to preserve the site , it will be lost beyond recovery . There are now no remains of the six tiers of stone steps which were there in 1760 ; and the raised terrace wliich surrounds it , instead of rising 10 ft or 12 ft . above the level e > f the adjoining ground , is now reduced to barely 3 ft . Nevertheless , this very amphitheatre was the place in which the chiel Cornish miracle plays were performed in the prc-Reformation
British Archæological Association.
times , just as the " Passion Play " is now performed at Oner-Amraergau . As Mr . Norris writes in his work on the " Ancient Cornish Drama , " " The bare granite plain of St . Just , in view of Cape Cornwall and of the transparent sea which beats upon the magnificent headland , would be a fit theatre for the exhibition of what in those days of simplicity would appear to be a serious
representation of the general history of the Creation , the Fall , and the Redemption of Man , however it mi ght be marred occasionally by passages of a li ght or even of a ludicrous character . The mighty gathering of the people from many miles around , hardly showing like a crowd in that extended region , where nothing grows up to limit the view on any side , with their booths and tents , so absolutely necessary
when so many petiple had to remain for three days upon the spot , would give to the assembly a character probably more like what we hear of in the so-called reli gious revivals in America than of anything witnessed in more sober Europe . " This account tallies exactly with what the party were told upon the spot by the Rev . Mr . Lichsmyrma , who stated that within the last few years there had been
brought to lig ht a real Cornish miracle play , legendary rather than scriptural in character , and which had been printed with the stage directions , just as it doubtless was performed some four centuries ago in that very amphitheatre . As the rough miners , their wives , and their children crowded round eagerly to hear the reverend gentleman ' s explanations , it was not difficult to conjure
up mentally a picture of the scene which that same spot must have presented in days when miracle-plays were among the recognized methods of religious instruction for the unlettered multitude , when parochial and Board schools were not in existence . From the amphitheatre the party crossed to the church , named , as "Murray " and the other guide-books tell us , after St . Just , one of the
followers of St . Augustine , but , if we may trust Mr . Lachsmyrma , probablv after a Saxon Saint of the same name . The church itself is a handsome perpendiculir building of three aisles , remaikable for having once had a double , or , possibly , a triple , rood-loft , and for two curious relics of an early date embedded in its walls . The one of these is a portion of a cross , with
ornamentation , of a pattern often found in the Isle of Man , and for which the vicar of the parish claimed a very high antiquity ; the other is a slab of granite , now at the north of the Communion table , inscribed with the legend * ' Silus ic jacet , " and adorned with a pastoral staff and a cross . This is probably the monument of some Cornish Bishop ot the early Saxon times , when Bishops were migratory , ni . t
local magnates and dignitaries . ' . The flamboyant east windows of the aisles and the finely carved capitals of the pillars in the nave also attracted considerable attention ; and the details of the church elicited a discussion which was only brought to an end by the sounding of the horn which summoned the party on to the cave dwellings and barrow at Chapel Euny , their next halting place . There
they were again obliged to quit their carriages and find their way over rough boulders of granite and broken stones , scattered amid the heather , to these celebrated subterranean abodes . These , which have lately been cl .-aned out by the tire of Mr . Borlase , all the oiig iual features , however , as lar as possible being preserved , are about 3 ft . in length , and consists of one large chamber and another
circular one about 1 oft . across , which is constructed of rude stone Masonry , almost in the shape of a beehive . The two or three top layers , consisting of the largest stones , are alone wanting to its completeness . After returning home the Congress held an evening sitting in St . 'John's-hall , where papers were read by Dr . Phene , on " The Dragon of Cornwall ; " by Mr . j . R .
Planche , on " The Karls of Cornwall ; " by Mr . Tucker , ( Rouge Croix ) , on " The Ancient Dukes and Djcby of Cornwall ; " and by Mr . Morgan , on " The Navies of Ancient Britain , especially in Cornish waters . " To the report in the "Times" of Monday it might be added that at the upper part of John's-hall there was a table , on which were set out specimens of various
antiquities of a very early date , illustrative of the paper on ancient Baalistic worship , read by the Rev . S . Mayhew , I ' . S . A . These , however , were mostly found , not in Cornwall , but at various depths in the London soil . Among them were " A Druid ' s E gg" ( an object of worship ) , with the twin serpents , dug up in Clerkenwell ; an ivory carving of a calf , dug up in Thames-street ; a piece of
Phoenician glass and a charm in the shape of a date , an armlet of glass adorned with white enamelling , and a bronze armlet in the form of a snake , both found in Thames-street ; and two ingots of Celtic bronze , about i . -jin . in length , both of which were said to have been found at some distance below the surface in the neighbourhood of Bishopsgate .
MEDALS ion INDIA . —The Prince of Wales medals , intended for presentation to the Native Princes and Chiefs , which have lately arrived from England , have been made over by the Foreign Department to the Calcutta Mint , for the purpose of having the names of the recipients engraved upen them . They are about 61 in numbernamely , 16 of pure standard gold , each weighing about 8
sicca weights , and 45 medals of pure silver . On one side of the mettal is the Prince ' s irmge , and on the other his Royal Highness ' s plumes , with the date of his arrival in India . The gold medals are intended for the Nizam of Hyderabad , Sir Salar Jung , Sir Jung Bahadoor , Maharajahs of Jeypore , Gwalior , lndore , Benares , Jodhpoor , Punnah , Rewah , Vi / . ianatrram . Oodcvnoor . and others . The silver medals ,
we believe , are to be presented to the several petty chiefs and sirdars of Oude and the North-Western Provinces , as well as to a native gentleman of Calcutta . — " Times of India . " DAYLIGHT reflected in dark rooms . Gas superseed in day time . Health , comfort , and economy piomoted by adopting Chappuis ' . Patent Daylight Reflectors . — Manufactory , 69 , Fleet-street , London .
British Archæological Association.
THE CONGRESSES AT BRUSSELS . —Besides the Congress of Public Health' and Safety to be opened at Brussels on September 27 th under the presidency of M . Vervoort , a Geographical Congress has been summoned , under the auspices of the King of the Belgians ,
advisable at the congress . Sir Rutherford Alcock , President of the Royal Geographical Society , and Sir Henry Rawlinson , past President , have been requested by the Council of the Society to attend as delegates . Lieutenant Came , ron is also expected to be present , in acceptance of an invitation to the Congress . About the 12 th of next month is the date of the opening of the Congress , which is , as at
present arranged , to be held in the Royal Palace . A Netherlands Congress , a kind of Flemish and Dutch Eisteddfod , being concerned with the literature , music , and Ian . guage . of those who speak the Gothic dialects in HoUatu ! and Belgium , is at present being held at Brussels . It was opened on Sunday by an address from M . Anspach , the Burgomaster of Brussels , who apologized for having to
speak in French , and a concert was yesterday given in connexion with the Congress at the Ducal Palace in the presence of the Royal family . Meetings of school-teachers and of political economists are also arranged to be held this autumn at Brussels . It is announced that the Due d'Audiffret-Pasquier will take cart in the Conv ? re «
on Health and Safety , which will be held in connection with 'he Exhibition . The Belgian papers discuss the chance of their neutral and conveniently-placed city be . coming the seat of a yet more interesting Congressnamely , that which may possibly be convened to discuss the conditions of peace in Eastern Europe .
Am TO THE SICK AND WOUNDED IX SERVIA . —The following medical men left London with tents and medical supplies for the sick and wounded Turks and Servians : — Dr . Armand Leslie , Mr . E . M . Little ( St . George ' s Hospital ) , Mr . Brock , M . R . C . S ., Mr . White , M . R . C . S ., Mr . Bernard Pitts , and Mr . F . Barker ( St . Thomas's Hospital ) . Mr . Lewis Farley , Secretary of the League in Aid of
Christians of Turkey , 12 , Great Winchester-street , E . C , has sent the following letter received from Miss Pearson : — "Schabatz , August 19 . —Dear Mr . Farley , —Lieutenant Gordon has asked me to write to you to say that we arrived here , and found Dr . Thomas working with about 60 patients . Wc are appointed to the army of the Prince , and came here with General Alcnipits , its commander . He
has ordered Lieutenant Gordon and myself to go to » his head quarters at Badavinsky ( the front line ) to inspect the temporary hospital there and arrange for the transport of the wounded back on some central point , possibly Schabatz . He left his Aide-de-Camp , Colonel Alexovitch , to escort me . The correspondents of the " Standard " and " Manchester Guardian" go up with us . We shall see
the Turks from thence . Colonel Alexovitch says there are 3000 wounded scattered about in the valley of the Drina in a wretched state , who require collecting and bringing in . Fighting is expected on the line of the Drina . Lieutenant Goitlon will write to you from the front . We continue to like him very much . He is all you represented him to be . 0 . 30 p . m . —Just seen Gordon . More good doctors wanted
and transport officers . Stcres can be brought here . Send no nurses , unless thoroughly trained and over 30 , speaking French and German . In great haste . A . bodyguard of 100 men is placed at our disposition . With kindest regards from us all , believe me , yours most sincerely , —EMMA M . PRARSON . " Her Majesty ' s Government have decided to send aid to the sick and wounded in the war at present
raging in the East . 16 packages , wei g hing 20 oolb ., marked with the Red Cross of Geneva , were dispatched from the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich , by the South Eastern Railway , for conveyance to the seat of war . The stores consisted of hospital tents and distinguishing flags . The tent hospitals are of the size of a large room , with accommodation for beds , chairs , & c , an outer tent
enclosing an inner one , so as to exclude the strong rays of the sun , rain , and effects of variations of temperature ; and altogether they form most comfortable hospitals for the ickand wounded . Each tent will be surmounted by hosital flags , at which no combatant troops must fire . MUSEUM or AnMS . —Another valuable gift was made to the town of Birmingham on Thursday by the transfer
to the Corporation of the Museum of Arms established some two years ago by the Guardians of the Birmingham Proof-bouse in illustration of the history of the gun trade , The nucleus of the collection was formed by an Italian gentleman , the Cavaliere Callandra , who spent twenty years in collecting specimens in all parts of the world , and on his death it passed into the hands of an English
gentleman , from whom it was ultimately purchased by the Guardians of the Birmingham Proof-house . Since that important additions hive been made to it , and it is now regarded as the most valuable historical ceillection of small arms extant , furnishing a complete illustration of the gun manufacture from the first invention of firearms in the fifteenth century down to the present time . The Proof-house Guardians made a small charge for
admission to the Museum , winch operated against its public usefulness . The Birmingham Corporation , into whose possession it ha ; now passed , will throw it open to the public free , and it is hoped that the many beautiful examples of old art metal work which it contains will beneficially influence other industries besides the gun trade . The presentation was formally made on Friday week by Mr . Buckley on behalf of the gun trade , and suitably acknowledged by the Mayor , Alderman Baker .
Till * : PASSACII ; COUNT , Livi ' . itpooi .. —Mr . Thomas H Baylis , Q . C ., of the Northern Circuit , has been appointed to the post of Judge of the Passage Court , Liverpool , vacant by the death of Mr . Pickering , Q . C ., Mr . Bay lis was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1856 , und was made a Q . C . in 1875 .
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
British Archæological Association.
in Cornwall were not only civilised , but possibly even antiquaries . " Among the literary treasures of Castle Horneck were displayed five or six volumes of MSS ., collections of Dr . Borlase , including two autograph letters of Pope relating to Cornish spars , contributed by the Doctor in order to adorn the Doet ' s erotto at Twickenham : a fine conv of the
" Romaunt of the Rose , " with Horace Walpole's Straw berry-hill book plate \ a Cornish translation of the miracle play of " The Creation of the World" ( 16 9 8 ); a very early edition—possibly the etlitio princeps—of " Jack the Giant Killer , " sundry early Missals and I lora ?; and a rough manuscript note-book of the Herald who made Ihe visitation of Cornwall in 1620 . illustrated with the
bearings of most of the " County Families of that date . Monday was devoted to an excursion to St . Just , in the neig hbourhood of the Land ' s End . In their way thither they stopped to examine the celebrated Castle and Crom . lech of Chywoone , here universally known among the natives by the abbreviated name of Choone or Chun . As these lay at a considerable distance off the high road , and
as the tracks across the moors in these parts are scarcely suited to vehicles , the party were obliged to leave their cardriages and trust to their feet to take them to their estination . But they were well repaid for their labour in he ascent , the view on all sides being a perfect panorama , and the castle being almost an unique specimen of the transition from the rude cliff-castles which so commonl y
fortify and isolate the bold headlands of this and other coasts to the earlier structures introduced by the Normans . Although it was constructed entirely of rude stones , put together without any mortar or cement , and has probably crowned the height on which it stands for the best part of 2000 years , yet its plan and outline are still quite distinctly traceable . It forms almost a complete circle , being
about 180 yards long by 170 broad , and is surrounded by a double line of circumvallation and a fosse . The entrances to the outer and the inner circles are both perfect , the stones which flanked them being still in situ . The inner gateway , however , does not face the outer—an arrangement which must have added to the strength with which it could resist assailants . Jn the inner circle , the divisions
of the huts—either for the warders , or more probabl y for the ca * tle driven into them in times of danger—are still distinctl y traceable , and the well which supplied the castle with water can * be made out . A hundred years or more ago , when Dr . Borlase wrote , its inner walls were 7 ft . or 8 ft . high , and its outer walls neatly double that hei ght ; the fosse , too , was deeper than now . But the effects of wind
and storm , and uie visits oi thoughtless holiday-makers , and the depredations of neighboring cottagers and farmers have largely reduced the walls in bulk . It is to be hoped , however , that an end will be put to this wanton desecration of what " Murray " still calls " by far the best example of a hill-castle remaining in the West , " by placing it in the schedule of antiquities to be protected by
Sir John Lubbock ' s Bill . "In the erection of this cuiious and singular structure , " Mr . J . T . Blight wiites , " stones of great size were used , carefully built together , and at some parts tall uprights were placed at tolerably regular distances ; then large blocks were laid horizontally between them , and on these again courses of smaller stone . " He adds that other specimens of the same
style of building may be found at Bosullow , close by , and on the Downs of Zcnnor ; but neither of these can bear comparison for a moment with the magnificent castle to which the party were introduced on Monday by their guide and interpreter , Mr . William C . Borlase . Distant from it about a quarter of a mile stands a very perfect , though not very large cromlech , called als-j the Chywoone
or Chun Cromlech . The party walked to it across the moor while luncheon was being prepared , and were enabled to inspect it at their leisure . Mr . Borlase said that he had cleared out the interior of the cromlech , and had dug to the depth of a few feet below it , and had found so many cinerary traces that he had no doubt whatever of its having been intended as a sepulchral monument . He
considered it probable that it was nearly coeval with the castlc , an opinion which appeared to find general accept nice . He informed them also that it was originally embedded in the soil , being covered over , \ vith earth , which had gradually been worn away and had left its huge stones bare in consequence . This cromlech is nearly 1 2 ft . square and about Oft . high . The huge stone which covered it and its
four supporters all remain in their original position , one of the latter being largely out of the perpendicular . That itjis in so good a state of preservation may possibly be the effect of a circular Causeway of lesser stones which surrounds it , rendering the earth firm and solid on every side . Besides Mr . Borlase's viva voce descriptions of these tsvo relics of antiquity , there was read a paper on "The Cornish
Megaliths , " by the Rev . W . C . Lukis , for which the thanks of the Association were voted , though some of his conclusions were questioned by individual members . Having lunched upon the open moor , in a tent , the party made their way back to their carriages and pressed on for St . Just , where it was originally intended that they should have partaken of their midday meal . While
ihcit hovses were baited , they were conducted behind the inn to a curious amphitheatre , nearly circular , and about 125 ft . across , which Dr . Borlase and other writers of the last century mention as having been nearly perfect in their day . Being appropriated to the local wrestling matches which are held here at Easter and Whitsuntide , its distinctive features are now being sadly worn away , and it is
feared that unless something is done soon to preserve the site , it will be lost beyond recovery . There are now no remains of the six tiers of stone steps which were there in 1760 ; and the raised terrace wliich surrounds it , instead of rising 10 ft or 12 ft . above the level e > f the adjoining ground , is now reduced to barely 3 ft . Nevertheless , this very amphitheatre was the place in which the chiel Cornish miracle plays were performed in the prc-Reformation
British Archæological Association.
times , just as the " Passion Play " is now performed at Oner-Amraergau . As Mr . Norris writes in his work on the " Ancient Cornish Drama , " " The bare granite plain of St . Just , in view of Cape Cornwall and of the transparent sea which beats upon the magnificent headland , would be a fit theatre for the exhibition of what in those days of simplicity would appear to be a serious
representation of the general history of the Creation , the Fall , and the Redemption of Man , however it mi ght be marred occasionally by passages of a li ght or even of a ludicrous character . The mighty gathering of the people from many miles around , hardly showing like a crowd in that extended region , where nothing grows up to limit the view on any side , with their booths and tents , so absolutely necessary
when so many petiple had to remain for three days upon the spot , would give to the assembly a character probably more like what we hear of in the so-called reli gious revivals in America than of anything witnessed in more sober Europe . " This account tallies exactly with what the party were told upon the spot by the Rev . Mr . Lichsmyrma , who stated that within the last few years there had been
brought to lig ht a real Cornish miracle play , legendary rather than scriptural in character , and which had been printed with the stage directions , just as it doubtless was performed some four centuries ago in that very amphitheatre . As the rough miners , their wives , and their children crowded round eagerly to hear the reverend gentleman ' s explanations , it was not difficult to conjure
up mentally a picture of the scene which that same spot must have presented in days when miracle-plays were among the recognized methods of religious instruction for the unlettered multitude , when parochial and Board schools were not in existence . From the amphitheatre the party crossed to the church , named , as "Murray " and the other guide-books tell us , after St . Just , one of the
followers of St . Augustine , but , if we may trust Mr . Lachsmyrma , probablv after a Saxon Saint of the same name . The church itself is a handsome perpendiculir building of three aisles , remaikable for having once had a double , or , possibly , a triple , rood-loft , and for two curious relics of an early date embedded in its walls . The one of these is a portion of a cross , with
ornamentation , of a pattern often found in the Isle of Man , and for which the vicar of the parish claimed a very high antiquity ; the other is a slab of granite , now at the north of the Communion table , inscribed with the legend * ' Silus ic jacet , " and adorned with a pastoral staff and a cross . This is probably the monument of some Cornish Bishop ot the early Saxon times , when Bishops were migratory , ni . t
local magnates and dignitaries . ' . The flamboyant east windows of the aisles and the finely carved capitals of the pillars in the nave also attracted considerable attention ; and the details of the church elicited a discussion which was only brought to an end by the sounding of the horn which summoned the party on to the cave dwellings and barrow at Chapel Euny , their next halting place . There
they were again obliged to quit their carriages and find their way over rough boulders of granite and broken stones , scattered amid the heather , to these celebrated subterranean abodes . These , which have lately been cl .-aned out by the tire of Mr . Borlase , all the oiig iual features , however , as lar as possible being preserved , are about 3 ft . in length , and consists of one large chamber and another
circular one about 1 oft . across , which is constructed of rude stone Masonry , almost in the shape of a beehive . The two or three top layers , consisting of the largest stones , are alone wanting to its completeness . After returning home the Congress held an evening sitting in St . 'John's-hall , where papers were read by Dr . Phene , on " The Dragon of Cornwall ; " by Mr . j . R .
Planche , on " The Karls of Cornwall ; " by Mr . Tucker , ( Rouge Croix ) , on " The Ancient Dukes and Djcby of Cornwall ; " and by Mr . Morgan , on " The Navies of Ancient Britain , especially in Cornish waters . " To the report in the "Times" of Monday it might be added that at the upper part of John's-hall there was a table , on which were set out specimens of various
antiquities of a very early date , illustrative of the paper on ancient Baalistic worship , read by the Rev . S . Mayhew , I ' . S . A . These , however , were mostly found , not in Cornwall , but at various depths in the London soil . Among them were " A Druid ' s E gg" ( an object of worship ) , with the twin serpents , dug up in Clerkenwell ; an ivory carving of a calf , dug up in Thames-street ; a piece of
Phoenician glass and a charm in the shape of a date , an armlet of glass adorned with white enamelling , and a bronze armlet in the form of a snake , both found in Thames-street ; and two ingots of Celtic bronze , about i . -jin . in length , both of which were said to have been found at some distance below the surface in the neighbourhood of Bishopsgate .
MEDALS ion INDIA . —The Prince of Wales medals , intended for presentation to the Native Princes and Chiefs , which have lately arrived from England , have been made over by the Foreign Department to the Calcutta Mint , for the purpose of having the names of the recipients engraved upen them . They are about 61 in numbernamely , 16 of pure standard gold , each weighing about 8
sicca weights , and 45 medals of pure silver . On one side of the mettal is the Prince ' s irmge , and on the other his Royal Highness ' s plumes , with the date of his arrival in India . The gold medals are intended for the Nizam of Hyderabad , Sir Salar Jung , Sir Jung Bahadoor , Maharajahs of Jeypore , Gwalior , lndore , Benares , Jodhpoor , Punnah , Rewah , Vi / . ianatrram . Oodcvnoor . and others . The silver medals ,
we believe , are to be presented to the several petty chiefs and sirdars of Oude and the North-Western Provinces , as well as to a native gentleman of Calcutta . — " Times of India . " DAYLIGHT reflected in dark rooms . Gas superseed in day time . Health , comfort , and economy piomoted by adopting Chappuis ' . Patent Daylight Reflectors . — Manufactory , 69 , Fleet-street , London .
British Archæological Association.
THE CONGRESSES AT BRUSSELS . —Besides the Congress of Public Health' and Safety to be opened at Brussels on September 27 th under the presidency of M . Vervoort , a Geographical Congress has been summoned , under the auspices of the King of the Belgians ,
advisable at the congress . Sir Rutherford Alcock , President of the Royal Geographical Society , and Sir Henry Rawlinson , past President , have been requested by the Council of the Society to attend as delegates . Lieutenant Came , ron is also expected to be present , in acceptance of an invitation to the Congress . About the 12 th of next month is the date of the opening of the Congress , which is , as at
present arranged , to be held in the Royal Palace . A Netherlands Congress , a kind of Flemish and Dutch Eisteddfod , being concerned with the literature , music , and Ian . guage . of those who speak the Gothic dialects in HoUatu ! and Belgium , is at present being held at Brussels . It was opened on Sunday by an address from M . Anspach , the Burgomaster of Brussels , who apologized for having to
speak in French , and a concert was yesterday given in connexion with the Congress at the Ducal Palace in the presence of the Royal family . Meetings of school-teachers and of political economists are also arranged to be held this autumn at Brussels . It is announced that the Due d'Audiffret-Pasquier will take cart in the Conv ? re «
on Health and Safety , which will be held in connection with 'he Exhibition . The Belgian papers discuss the chance of their neutral and conveniently-placed city be . coming the seat of a yet more interesting Congressnamely , that which may possibly be convened to discuss the conditions of peace in Eastern Europe .
Am TO THE SICK AND WOUNDED IX SERVIA . —The following medical men left London with tents and medical supplies for the sick and wounded Turks and Servians : — Dr . Armand Leslie , Mr . E . M . Little ( St . George ' s Hospital ) , Mr . Brock , M . R . C . S ., Mr . White , M . R . C . S ., Mr . Bernard Pitts , and Mr . F . Barker ( St . Thomas's Hospital ) . Mr . Lewis Farley , Secretary of the League in Aid of
Christians of Turkey , 12 , Great Winchester-street , E . C , has sent the following letter received from Miss Pearson : — "Schabatz , August 19 . —Dear Mr . Farley , —Lieutenant Gordon has asked me to write to you to say that we arrived here , and found Dr . Thomas working with about 60 patients . Wc are appointed to the army of the Prince , and came here with General Alcnipits , its commander . He
has ordered Lieutenant Gordon and myself to go to » his head quarters at Badavinsky ( the front line ) to inspect the temporary hospital there and arrange for the transport of the wounded back on some central point , possibly Schabatz . He left his Aide-de-Camp , Colonel Alexovitch , to escort me . The correspondents of the " Standard " and " Manchester Guardian" go up with us . We shall see
the Turks from thence . Colonel Alexovitch says there are 3000 wounded scattered about in the valley of the Drina in a wretched state , who require collecting and bringing in . Fighting is expected on the line of the Drina . Lieutenant Goitlon will write to you from the front . We continue to like him very much . He is all you represented him to be . 0 . 30 p . m . —Just seen Gordon . More good doctors wanted
and transport officers . Stcres can be brought here . Send no nurses , unless thoroughly trained and over 30 , speaking French and German . In great haste . A . bodyguard of 100 men is placed at our disposition . With kindest regards from us all , believe me , yours most sincerely , —EMMA M . PRARSON . " Her Majesty ' s Government have decided to send aid to the sick and wounded in the war at present
raging in the East . 16 packages , wei g hing 20 oolb ., marked with the Red Cross of Geneva , were dispatched from the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich , by the South Eastern Railway , for conveyance to the seat of war . The stores consisted of hospital tents and distinguishing flags . The tent hospitals are of the size of a large room , with accommodation for beds , chairs , & c , an outer tent
enclosing an inner one , so as to exclude the strong rays of the sun , rain , and effects of variations of temperature ; and altogether they form most comfortable hospitals for the ickand wounded . Each tent will be surmounted by hosital flags , at which no combatant troops must fire . MUSEUM or AnMS . —Another valuable gift was made to the town of Birmingham on Thursday by the transfer
to the Corporation of the Museum of Arms established some two years ago by the Guardians of the Birmingham Proof-bouse in illustration of the history of the gun trade , The nucleus of the collection was formed by an Italian gentleman , the Cavaliere Callandra , who spent twenty years in collecting specimens in all parts of the world , and on his death it passed into the hands of an English
gentleman , from whom it was ultimately purchased by the Guardians of the Birmingham Proof-house . Since that important additions hive been made to it , and it is now regarded as the most valuable historical ceillection of small arms extant , furnishing a complete illustration of the gun manufacture from the first invention of firearms in the fifteenth century down to the present time . The Proof-house Guardians made a small charge for
admission to the Museum , winch operated against its public usefulness . The Birmingham Corporation , into whose possession it ha ; now passed , will throw it open to the public free , and it is hoped that the many beautiful examples of old art metal work which it contains will beneficially influence other industries besides the gun trade . The presentation was formally made on Friday week by Mr . Buckley on behalf of the gun trade , and suitably acknowledged by the Mayor , Alderman Baker .
Till * : PASSACII ; COUNT , Livi ' . itpooi .. —Mr . Thomas H Baylis , Q . C ., of the Northern Circuit , has been appointed to the post of Judge of the Passage Court , Liverpool , vacant by the death of Mr . Pickering , Q . C ., Mr . Bay lis was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1856 , und was made a Q . C . in 1875 .