Masonic Note And Queries.

vocabularies might be more successful . There have been frequent references to the work in thc Builder , as Mr . G . Godwin , its accomplished editor , tells me , and I recommend some student with more time than I have to look such references up . He may find some valuable information Mr . Godwin also most kindly refers me to the " Dictionary of Architecture , " Sic , Vol . v . ; and from that and other sources , as Tuenner ' s" History cf Domestic Architecture , "

it would seem that the word as used in thethirteenth century in England was "Lowes , " and in 1371 , in the York Fabric Rolls ( Surtees Society ) it is said the word occurs as "Lewors , " 1371 , and "Lovers . s' 1530 . But it is doubtful whether these words represent a " Lewis , " as Canon Raines holds these words mean a small lantern in the roof . Roquefort states that" Lewis " is " Romano" for " Louis ;" but we maydismiss the Louis XI */ . theory . He also tells

us that there is a word " Levier " from " Levare . " 1 here is in Latin a word " Leuson , " which means the pith or heart of a pine or fir tree , and if it be correct that the iron instrument was termed " Lewis" and " Lewisons , " like the " Louve" and the * ' Louvetaux , " we may find some analogy . Mr . Skeat , in his valuable dictionary , says that there was an old word " liviour , " and a Norman French word " leveur , " as well

as the word "levator . " It is generally held that Lewis comes from " Levis , " but it is more likely , I think , to come from " Levare , " and the Greek " Leioo . " It is said that in two works of the 15 th centuty evidence is given of the use of the Lewis by the Romans , and in Vitruvius with a special name , especially in Daniel Barbara ' s edition of Vitruvius . The text of Vitruvius , however , does not bear out this allegation . In a fine copy of Vitruvius by Laet , of

16 49 , there is a commentator who says , that the use of a Lewis was known at Rome , and gives an illustration of the Lewis , and that the nameof the wedges was "Cuneoli , " and of the Ring " Ansa . " Vitruvius , however , does not seem to know such words , or to allude to the use of the Lewis . Gulielmus Philander , who is the commentator , makes the same statement , and gives the same illustration in a little work published at Rome ,

' 543- There is no apparent connection so far between "Louve" and "Loup . " If our Bro . Gould thinks there was a trace of the mysteries in the Compagnonage , we may , however , have in this word a remnant of the " Lupercala . " But I am inclined to think that Louve was a technical Mason ' s word . Clavel says that

a Mason ' s son is called a Louveteau , but that the etymology of the word is lost , and that it is also termed , Loufton , Loveton and Lovton . He leans to the ancient mysteries , and says the usage is preserved among the "Compagnons de Devoir . " I believe and hope my friend Bro . Rylands will give us a " note , " on the use of "Lewis " in English architectural terminology . MASONIC STUDENT .

85 ] THE FRERES PONTIFES , & c . I originally pointed out in " Kenning ' s Cyclop .-edia , " under this very heading , " Bridge Builders , " that the supposed reference to Ramsay's address , given b y German writers and Bro . Mackenzie , is not verifiable in the address itself ; Ramsay is not alluding to the Bridge Builders , or Freres Pontifes , if they ever had such a name . The incorporation with the Knights Hospitaller is also doubtful , for it would almost seem as if there was a "

Societas " or Gild , termed "Les Freres Hospitallers , " like as with our" GiIds , " who took upon themselves the reparation of bridges and the sustentation of pilgrims . The German writers , likeVVilke , who mention the subject , assume , it appears , a later incorporation with the Knights Hospitaller . The quotation from Ramsay , given by the Handbuch , refers to the " Freemasons " genreally , not to the Bridge Builders specifically . I have been told there is a French work which goes largely into this question of Bridge Builders but I have not seen it . THE EDITOR OF "KENNING'S CYCLOP .-EDIA . "

86 ] MASONIC WORKS . As I am always gratified to read the various articles by Bro . G . VV . Speth , it affords me all the more pleasure to answer the two queries from him . ( No . 80 ) the New York edition of the 1723 ( premier ) Constitutions is " verbatim et literatim ; " but I am not prepared to say it is an exact facsimile . It answers the purposes , however , for consultation as well as an original copy . Spencer and Co ., London ,

also issue a capital reproduction of this valuable work , and so does Bro . Kenning , the latter having also the "Wilson"" MS . " Jachin and Buaz" was first published in the year 1762 . I had an interestin- **** discussion with our learned Bro . Woodford on this point in the Freemason for July , 17 th , 18 S 0 , and later numbers , for the Rev . Dr . Oliver stated it was issued as early as 1750 . I think now , however , Masonic

Bibliographers agree that 17 C 2 is the correct year . My friend , Carson , of Cincinnati ( Ohio ) , favours the latter view ; and in the " Freemasons' Repository " for 1 SS 0 , furnishes an exhaustive report on thc subject . There are several important questions involved in , and affected by , the decision as to the year , for which reason Bro . Woodford and myself have been anxious to sift the evidence advanced on either side . VV . J . HUGHAN .

Opening Of The Zetland Masonic Club, Salford.

OPENING OF THE ZETLAND MASONIC CLUB , SALFORD .

PRESENTATION TO BRO . PACKWOOD . On Wednesday evening , the 15 th ult ., the Zetland Masonic Club , recently formed at the Masonic Hall , the Crescent , Salford , was formally opened . A number of thc Fraternity sat down to a good spread . Bro . Corney , W . M .

of the Zetland Lodge , presided , and there were also present Bros . Packwood , Nicholls , Holland , Watts , Hardy , Hayworth , Wheeler , Donohoe ( of the Derby Lodge ) , Cooke , Lee , Briggs , Ballentyne , Dearnley , G . VV . Bingham , V . P . ; VV . Naylor , J . W . ; J . Young , J . D ., and others . The PRESIDENT said it was well known to all present that thev had met that night to inaugurate theopening of the

club . A few months ago an earnest desire was expressed on the part of many brethren that a social club should be formed in connection with the Zetland Lodge ; and a conmittee was formed to take into consideration the advisability of promoting it . It was eventually decided that one should be established , and this was their first meeting . He was sure they would agree with him when he said thu attendance augured well for its future success .

Opening Of The Zetland Masonic Club, Salford.

The PRESIDENT gave the usual loyal and Masonic toasts , which were heartily drank . The PRESIDENT proposed success to thc " Zetland Masonic Club . " He hoped the club would be carried out in the same manly spirit in which it had been formed . Bro . G . A . PACKWOOD , P . M ., responded . The club now numbered between forty and fifty members , and heexpected eventually to see the whole of the members of the lodge

members of the club . They would be glad to admit persons connected with other lodges who cared to join them . The members should behave in the club and at the convivial board one to another as in the lodge , striving to enjoy themselves in a rational way , as became men and Mason , s for by doing so they would hereafter have pleasure in referring fo their connection with the club . The PRESIDENT , in proposing "The Army , Navy , and

Volunteers , " commented on the efficiency and valour of the British troops . Bro . NELSON , who had been connected with the marines for twenty-one years , responded , Bro . VV . LEE proposed " The Press " in a brief speech , which was acknowledged by the representative of the Reporter . Bro . HOLLAND , P . M . gave "Thc President , " whose

task , he said , on behalf of the club had simply been Herculean . He had spent a great amount of labour along with the Committee , in order to bring the premises to their present attractive state . He hoped the club would prosper , that it would be used for social and friendly intercourse , and not in a ' manner that would militate against the interests of their families . ( Applause . ) The PRESIDENT responded . What he had done had

been done with pleasure . He entered into the work of promoting the club earnestly and with vigour , and he hoped it might prove for the welfare of its members . ( Applause . Bro . U . NICHOLLS , P . M ., G . P ., gave " The Secretary , pro tem . " Bro . Packwood had done a great deal for the lodge and club . Everything that he had taken in hand in connection with Masonry he had carried out in a most efficient manner . It had always been his study to give the

brethren every information in his power . In the Masonic Charitable Institutions Bro . Packwood had also taken great interest . His connection with that building in all respects had been everything any brother could desire . The time he hadspent and the arduous duties he had performed merited their appreciation . The PRESIDENT here made a valuable presentation to Bro . Packwood , consisting of a silver tea and coffee service

of chaste design , enclosed in a beautiful case made by the President . On one of the pieces was the appended inscription : — " Presented to Bro . G . A . Packwood , P . M ., P . P . G ., A . D . C , by the brethren of the Zetland Lodge , No . S 52 , as a token of esteem , and in recognition of the many valuable services rendered by him to the lodge , November 15 , 1882 . " In a few well selected observations he made the presentation . Bro . WHEELER , as the promoter of the testimonial , said

he thought the formal opening of the club the most appropriate time for making the presentation , and he took the present opportunity of thanking the brethren generally for the prompt response to his appeal ; and the generous way in which they had responded to it was consequently not only a great pleasure to himself , but he feltsure this fact would enhance the value of the present in the eyes of Bro . Packwood , that not one farthing had been given ungrudgingly ,

but that every individual donor had accompanied his subscription with hearty good wishes for the receipient's prosperity and happiness . Bro . PACKWOOD said he laboured under very great difficulties in responding to the sympathetic feeling that had been expressed with regard to himself , and they must excuse him if he failed to say all he felt or desired to say for the handsome present recognising his humble

services in connection with the lodge . When he started out in Masonry it was not with the thought of being repaid for anything he might do . Whatever office he had undertaken in connection with Masonry , taking his cue from Bro . Nicholls , he had endeavoured to perform the duties with care and satisfaction . It had been his earnest desire to do all he could for thc Zetland Lodge . Having visited the Derby Lodge , of which their respected Bro .

Donohoe was a member , after its removal horn the Knowsley Hotel to the present premises , he thought they had taken a step in the right direction . and had set an example to other lodges that wcre held in public-houses . Now that the Zetland Lodge had removed to the same building , an improvement had taken place in the number

of members and financial condition of the lodge . He proceeded to review the progress of the lodge , asserted that his conduct had been guided by Masonic principles , and thanked them for the honour they had done him—( applause ) . Songs were rendered by Bros . Heyworth , Lee , Barnes , Hackin , Westall and others .

Christmas Cards.

CHRISTMAS CARDS .

Messrs . Eyre and Spottiswoodc have again produced a great number of novelties , which for beauty of design and excellence of execution cannot , we think , be excelled . This eminent firm appears not to be content with the productions of such well-known artists as Mr . E . Maurice , Mr . Harry Arnold , Miss Steel , and others , who have in past years enriched their collections , and _ still stand unrivalled in this department of art , but following the spirit

of the times they have largel y availed themselves of the work of newer artists , brought into the fieldby the recent exhibitions . Those specimens submitted to us are so chaste and excellent that it would be difficult to single out any for special commendation , but we may say that the flower subjects are simply perfection . We have no opportunity of judging the merits of the more costly kinds which appear in their extensive catalogue , but have no doubt that their intrinsic value is in proportion to the cheaper sorts that have come under our notice .

Bro . Dr . Walford will appeal to the electors of the Ward of Aldersgate at the approaching election of thc Common Council , to reconsider their decision of last ytar , when they gave preference to an untried man before one who had served them well and faithfully for eight years , and has been associated with the Ward for thirty-four years . Possibly the five votes which were wanting then to secure his return will be forthcoming * now .

South Africa.

South Africa .

CONSECRATION OF THE LODGE URANIA , No . 1972 , AT WILLOWMORE . Several brethren residing in the district having some time ago determined to start a lodge under the English Constitution , sent a petition for a warrant through the R . W . D . G . M . Bro . C . J . Egan , to Grand Lodge , requestinothe Most Worthy Grand Master His Royal Highness

the Prince of Wales to grant them license to constitute a lodge at Willowmore , under the name and title of the " Urania . " Having received the warrant of Constitution authorising the brethren to hold their Lodge Urania , No 1972 , the R . W . D . G . M . Bro . C . J . Egan , immediately transmitted it to the brethren at Willowmore . Having their lodge-room in readiness , they acquainted the D . G . M

of the fact , and asked him to consecrate the new lodge and instal the W . M . elect , Bro . S . J . Meintjcs , P . M . i Sgo . The R . W . D . G . M . being unable to do so , deputed Bro " C . T . W . Mouat , P . D . G . S . W ., to perform the duties . The 12 th September , having been fixed upon as the most convenient time , Bro . Mouat , P . D . G . S . W ., accompanied by Bros . Wheelwright , D . G . S . W ., and Mackay , P . D . G . D of

C , came from Port Elizabeth to perform the ceremonies . They arrived at Willowmore on the nth , ami shortly before them Bros . Coope , W . M . 1590 ; Cunningham , S . W . 1590 ; and Middleton , Sec . 1590 . All these brethren received a right hearty and fraternal welcome . Punctuall y at the hour named in the summons , the brethren being properly clothed and in their places , the

Consecrating Officers were conducted into the lodge . The usual formalities having been gone through , Brosf Mouat , Wheelwright , and Mackay , assisted by Bros . Coupe ' , Cunningham , Middleton , the W . M . and officers of the Lodge Excelsior , D . Const ., consecrated the new lodge Urania , No . 1972 on the registry of the Grand Lodge of England , according to the ancient usages and customs as

observed by the Craft . 1 his done , Bro . Mouat , as Installing Officer , duly placed Bro . S . J . Meintjes , P . M . 1590 the first VV . M . elect , in the chair ; whereupon the W . M * immediately proceeded to appoint his officers and invest them as follows : Bros . J . H . Puth , S . W . ; Jno . St . Leger J . W . ; I . B . Evans , Treas . ; G . Walker , Sec ; Thos . Rinton . S . D . ; J . D . Rix , J . D . ; J . H . Cawood , I . G . ;

and H . laylor , lyler . This important ceremony over , five candidates were initiated , the first being a " Lewis . " An emergency meeting was held on the day following , when five more candidate ' s were initiated . This having concluded the business on hand , lodge was finally closed . The brethren afterwards met at the Albany Hotel , where

the host ( now Bro . Wand ) had prepared a sumptuous banquet for the brethren , to which thirty sat down . The room was tastefully decorated , and everything got up in firstclass style . Full justice having been done to the inner man , the W . M . gave out the following toasts in succession , which were drunk with enthusiasm and full Masonic honours "Queen and Craft ; " "H . R . H . the Prince of Wales )

Most Worthy Grand Master of England ; " "The Most Worthy Grand Master National of the Netherlands " "Bro . C . ] . Egan , R . W . D . G . Master ; " "The Eastern District Grand Lodge , " coupling with it the name of Bro . Wheelwright .

Bro . WHEELWRIGHT , in responding , thanked the W . M . forthe kind manner in which he had alluded to the D . G . M . assuring the brethren that he was worth y of all the praise that had been bestowed upon him . For himself and the other D . G . Officers present , he could only say they felt gratified at the kindness they had experienced on their

visit . Bro . MOUAT proposed the toast of "The W . M . of the Urania Lodge , ' alluding to the length of time he had known Bro . Meintjes ; first , as Secretary of the Star in the East Lodge , Queen's Town ; then as W . M . of Lodge 134 G ; next as VOL of Lodge 1590 ; and now of Lodge 1972 ; and to the remarkable fact that in those lodges he worked he

where as W . M . was also the fust Master ; in fact , he had founded three lodges . Bro . MEINTJBS , in replying to Bro . Mouat , remarked that he was an enthusiast in Masonry , because he found in it a philosophy which united all mankind in one grand brotherhood , whose aim is to do good to their fellow-creatures . As W . M . of thc Urania Lodge , he promised he would do

his best to further the interests of Masonry , and extend the chain of true brotherly love . "The Consecrating Officers and Installing Master " was proposed by the W . M ., who pointed out the advantage of order and regularity as exemplied in the ceremonies o ? the previous day . He conveyed the thanks of the members of the lodge to the D . G . Officers , assuring them of their

continued respect , esteem , and good wishes . In replying to the foregoing toast , Bro . MOUAT gave the brethren some wholesome advice , and paid a graceful and well-deserved compliment to Bros . Wheelwright and Mackay . " Urania Lodge and Newly-Installed Officers , " was neatly and feelingly put by Bro . WHEELWRIGHT . Bro . PUTH , S . W ., replied to the toast . " The Newly-Initiated Candidates , " was given by Bro . WHEELWRIGHT .

Bro . T . P . PUTH , the Lewis , briefly responded . "Sister Lodges ( E . C . ) , " proposed by the W . M ., responded to by Bros . MACKAV and COOPE . "The Lodge Excelsior , Willowmore , " coupling with it the name of Bro . Dobson , was proposed by Bro I C MACKAY . J ' ' Bro . DOBSON , in responding , congratulated the Urania

Lodge on the success which had attended its opening , and trusted it would enjoy a continuous career of prosperity "Absent Brethren , " by Bro . J . H . PUTH ; "Sweethearts and Wives , " by Bro . ST . LEGER ; and "Our Poor and Distressed Brethren , " by Bro . MOUAT , closed the list of toasts , and the brethren then separated after siitgine"God save the Oueen . "

" Sapo Carbonis Detergens " is , 1 physician ' s name for a remedy prescribed for the past quarter-century for every variety of skin disease . The public have also adopted the same as a preventive of smallpox , scarlet fever , and measles . Pur chasers should see that the Latin Brand is on every tablet , and WRIGHT'S COAL TAR SOAP on each wrapper , without which none are genuine .