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MARRIAGE LAW DEFENCE UNION . PATRONS , The Archbishop of CANTERBURY . Thc Archbishop of ARMAGH . PRESIDENT . The Dukeof NORTHUMBERLAND . VICE-PRESII-ENTS . The Earl of SHAFTESBURY , K . G . Thc Right Rev . the Lord Bishop of EOXDON . Thc Lord COLERIDGE , Chief Justice of England . CHAIRMAN * OF COMMITTEES . The Right Hon . A . J . B . BERESFORD HOPE , M . P . TREASURERS . Sir WALTER EAEOUHAR , Bart ., iS , Kii . g-st _ , St . JamcsV . S . W . Sir CHARLES MILLS , Bart ., M . P ., Camel ford-house , Oxfordstreet , W . BANKERS . Messrs . HERRIES , FAROUHAR , & Co ., 16 , St . Jamcs ' s-st ., S . W . Messrs . GLYN , MILLS , & Co ., Lombard-street / E . C . This Union is formed to maintain thc ancient marriage lav of the land , and in particular to resist the legalisation of marriage with a wife ' s sister . The whole principle on which the Marriage Law of this land is based is involved in the acceptance or rejection of the Deceased Wife ' s Sister Bill . In all countries where the Marriage Law has been relaxed in this one particular , other relaxations have , after some lapse of time , becn adopted ; in some countries not only may a woman marry hcr sister ' s husband , and a man marry his brother's wife , and his wife's niece , or , as in the State of New York , his wife ' s daughter , but in others a man is freely permitted to marry his niece by blood . The deliberate opinion of those who have given attention to this question may be ascertained from the overwhelming concurrence of disapproval of the change recorded by the laity in the various Diocesan Conferences . The ceaseless endeavours of those whose relations are personally implicated by infractions of the law of marriage demand from those who are satisfied with the present law that they should signify their disapproval of thc agitation wliich has beeu pertinaciously carried on . lust out . Price 6 d . MARRIAGE LAWS " in thc UNITED STATES and THEIR RESULTS . Publications containing information on tlie question may be had from GEO . J . MURRAY , Esq ,, Secretary , 20 , Cockspur-strcet , Charing-Cross , S . W .

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< £ > J . & W . TOLLEY , ^ < $ > Gun and Rifle Manufacturers , -. V ^ < . V PIONEER WOEKS , BIRMINGHAM ; C _\ . JA / I , Conduit Street , Regent Street , London , •^ A . NEW LISTS FREE . ^ c \ y Sole Makers of the " STANDARD " N ^ HAMMERLESS GUN . 7 < C FOR MANSIONS OR VILLAS , _/& x . . AN a ^ 5 ^ I MPERISHABLE FLOORING ^ ^ cr FLOOR COVERING . ^ vSj iv Estimates Free . 2 * -0 , BERNERS STREET , VV . F . READ , READ , mL 0 R & OUTFITTER , M . _ . , Sixteen years with ALFRED WE MI MILES Pi R l \ 5 and Co ., 13 , Brook-st ., Hanover-st ) . AND SPECIALITE 63 s . SUITS and r ^ - _ -. 16 s . and 21 s . TROUSERS . LEARN , I * , Brook Street , Bond Street , W . OT A'R'K ''* -. Highest English Award , 1884 . " OPTIMTJS" THE BEST HHE WORLD . CERTIFIED PURE . _ UIFEE In Bottles . ed ., is ., & 2 s . each . EXTRACT . Sold Everywhere .

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CARRIAGES . F and R . SHANKS particularly call - attention to their light ONE-HORSE LANDAUS , of the very best materials , and fitted with their patent ¦ "elf-acting Head . Several building to order to be seen in all stages at tlieir manufactory , 70 & 71 , Great Queen-st ., wncoln ' s Inn-Fields . Drags and new and second-hand Carriages of all descriptions . Estimates given for repairs .

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KNITTING AT HOME , BY which Incomes can be Increased and recreative as well as Healthy Employment secured . Apply for terms to—PATENT AUTOMATIC KNITTING MACHINE CO ., LONDON : 417 , Oxford-street , W . ; 159 , Upper-street , Islington . LIVERPOOL : 39 , Islington . GLASGOW ¦ 7 , Howard-street .

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PARASCHO CIGARETTES Possess a delicious natural aroma . When smoked or inhaled do not irritate the throat or nostrils . Arc made ONLY from the finest YE . NM . IEH ( Turkey ) TOIIACCO . Are rolled in specially prepared paper , tasteless , and free from nitre and are different from and superior to all others . A sample box containing 24 , will be forwarded to any address on receipt of 2 s . 6 d . in Stamps or Postal Order . SOLE AnniiEss—. j , PARK STREET , GROSVENOR SQUARE , LONDON , W .

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OUR EYES . BROWNING'S IMPROVED METHOD OF SUITING THE SIGHT WITH SPECTACLES either personally or by correspondence . Browning's axis-cut pebbles are the most perfect lenses made , being cut from pure crystals of Brazilian pebbles at right angles to the axis , and every lens tested separately by the polariscope . Spectacles of superior quality from 4 s . 6 d . per pair ; with pebble lenses in best steel frames , from ios . 6 d . per pair ; and in gold frames from £ 1 3 s . 6 d . Full particulars of Browning ' s Method of Suiting the Sight by correspondence , and testimonials post free . —JOHN BROWNING , 63 , Strand , London , W . C .

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nciUT'O NEW ILLUSTRATED ___ . _ - _ IN 1 O CATALOGUE of HIGH-CLASS tTT A tpntTpq WATCHES and CLOCKS at Wil-. __ Ill-O . j REDUCED PRICES , sent post A /^^ ^ A . free on application to E . DENT j Sr ^ Va % * an ( ^ ^ ° ' Ma ' Jers ' ° 'ne Queen , 4 V * nFNTV 6 l * STRAND , LONDON , W . C , X UC . I 11 > y or 4 > ROYAL EXCHANGE .

To Correspondents.

To Correspondents .

The following communications stand over—Lodge of Amity , No . 171 . Combermere Lodge , No . 752 . Croydon Lodge , No . 1726 .

Wanderers Lodge of Instruction , No . 1604 . St . Ambrose Chapter , No . 1 S 91 . Provincial Grand Chapter of Oxfordshire . Provincial Grand Mark Lodge of Middlesex and Surrey . The Value of Freemasonry .

BOOKS , & c , RECEIVED . " Die Bauhutte , " " Masonic Token , " " The International Masonic Review , " " The American Eagle , " " Newcastle Daily Journal , " " Freimaurer Zeitung , " " Effective Advertiser , " " The Masonic Truth , " "Keystone , " "Liberal Freemason , " "Allen's Indian Mail , " " Freemasons' Journal" ( New York ) , " Piano , and music iraues ¦ Victorian

Organ , journal , Freemason , " La Rcvista Masonica Del Peru , " " Hull Packet , " "Cadi / . Masonica , " "The Freemason" ( Toronto .., "Sunday Times " ( New York ) , " Jewish Chronicle , " " New York Dispatch , " " Broad Arrow , " " Masonic Review , " "Staffordshire Masonic Charitable Association , " " Cit ' ize * , " and " Sunday Times " ( London ) .

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j ' ^ p ^^ M ^^ S \ vW ! Pr ^ W ^ X ^^ a ^^^^^^ hliX 2 ^ SATURDAY , J 6 , 1885 .

Original Correspondence.

Original Correspondence .

[ We do not hold ourselves responsible for , or even approving ot the opinions expressed by ourcorrespondents . but we wish in aspirit of fair play to all to permit—within certain necessary limits—free discussion . ] ¦ RENUMBERING OF LODGES . To the Editor of the "Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , In the Freemason of Saturday last , the 30 th ult .,

in your editorial remarks you say : " If the independence of the Grand Lodge of South Australia be conceeded . . . another falling out of lodges must take place from our Calendar , and we think a question may fairly arise whether the time has not come when a complete renumbering should take place . . . the register of lodges should be closed up . " On April 23 rd , 1 SS 4 , I addressed a letter through your columns suggesting then as an appropriate time for

renumbering the lodges , and 1 stated at that time there were 151 warrants unaccounted for . If the Grand Lodge of South Australia is to become an independent Grand Lodge , we shall then have between 20 and 30 more lodges removed from the _ Grand Lodge of England , thus making nearly 200 lodges either dead or otherwise removed from the Entrlish

Constitution . I quite agree with your remarks , and think the time opportune for renumbering our lodges , especially if the South Australian brethren are permitted to govern themselves . Your suggestion will not meet with the approval of all Masons ; but I trust you may not be rewarded with a similar castigation to that I received when I addressed you on this subject in 1 SS 4 . Enough , so far as I am personally concerned , to say that I quite agree with you , and trust

you will use your powerful influence until you have attained your desire . —I am , dear Sir and Brother , yours faithfully and fraternally , JOHN W . TURNER , W . M . 521 , P . M . 1458 . Water-street , Huddersfield , May 30 th . To the Editor of the "Freemason . "

| Dear Sir and Brother , In your fourth leaderette in the Freemason of 30 th May you allude to the formation of an independent Grand Lodge in South Australia , and the consequent falling out of lodges from our Calendar . Will you oblige me by recount-

Original Correspondence.

ing the advantages to be derived by an immediate closing up the roll of lodges by renumbering ? In the absence of this information I venture to assert the advantages are as nothing in comparison with the terrible inconvenience and annoyance renumbering lodges would occasion throughout the Craft , at least in England . It is now 22 years since the last renumbering , and I

am confident in stating that it took ten years to become familiar with the new numbers , except perhaps , in the case of one ' s own lodge . I sincerely hope we shall continue our present numbers till an actual necessity arises for a change . —Believe me , dear sir and brother , yours fraternally , HENRY SMITH , P . M . 3 S 7 , W . Yorks . St . John ' s , Wakefield , June 2 nd .

PROVINCIAL KALENDARS . To the Editor of the "Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , So many editors of Provincial Kalendars insert under the list of officers of their respective lodges and chapterethe Immediate Past Master and Immediate Past First Principal , that it seems necessary to point out that

there are no such offices to a lodge or chapter—see Book of Constitutions , Art . 129 . As the Grand Secretary , in reply to an enquiry from me on the subject , says , " The First Principal of a chapter on leaving its chair becomes the I . P . Z . in same manner as the W . M . in the Craft becomes the I . P . M . ; this is an 'ipso facto' position , but neither arc

officers . " This being the case , the M . E . Z . and W . M . should not invest their predecessors in their chairs with a collar , as is sometimes done , nor should their names be returned to the editors of Provincial Kalendars with the officers of the chapter or lodge . —Faithfully and fraternally yours , JOHN A . LLOYD , P . M . 1533 , M . E . Z . 1333 and 357 .

ROYAL ORDER OF SCOTLAND . To the Editor of the " Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , I am glad that Bro . F . Richardson has called attention by advertisement to this quaint and interesting Masonic Order , which would be much assisted in its progress by changing most of the ofiicers of the province every year , the present state of stagnation offering no inducement to the members , and conseciuently the attendance is not what it should be . —Yours , & c , " PROGRESS .

THE OFFICE OF PROVINCIAL GRAND TREASURERS . To the Editor of " The Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , At this season many provinces arc holding- their annual meeting , and in the larger provinces numbering over 30 lodges I strongly advise the brethren to change

the Provincial Grand Treasurer every year . My reasons are obvious , as it will be readily understood that the offices at the disposal of the Provincial Grand Master are with difficulty apportioned between the lodges , each lodge getting a chance about every three years , and the collar of Treasurer is a good office , entirely in the hands of the brethren . The larger provinces , such as East and West Lancashire

and West Yorkshire , have already adopted this system , the accounts are much easier to keep than those of an ordinary lodge ; the funds are not greater than those of a large lodge ; and , to simplify matters , the banking account might be kept in the joint names of the Treasurer and Secretary , so that the latter must countersign all cheques . It remains for provinces to follow the lead of Grand Lodge , and make the office of Provincial Grand Treasurer a promotion for worthy brethren . —Fraternally yours , CRUX CORONA .

Masonic Notes And Queries.

Masonic Notes and Queries .

_ 02 j MASONIC CALENDARS . I shall be glad to receive copies of any Provincial Directories not included in the following list , so that my notice of them may include all that are issued . There are two or three yet to be published , I believe , on receipt of which , the main features of these useful little books will be enumerated , as an inducement for others to be issued , and as

an encouragement to my brother editors . I have received copies of the Calendars for Cambridge , Derby , Dorset , Durham , East Lancashire , Hants and Isle of Wight , Herts , Kent , Lancaster , Leicester , Oxford , Somerset , Suffolk , Wilts , and Yorkshire . To follow—Gloucester and Warwickshire . VV . J . HUGHAN .

Cojl MASONIC BIBLIOGRAPHY . There will shortly be published at Leipzig ( by Bro . ) . G . Findel ) a standard work on MasonicSBibliographyj ; thc fruit of four years' hard labour . It is " Reinh Tante , Maurerische Biicherkunde ; " one volume , 20 s . The work is nearly complete in the enumeration of all Masonic books

from 1858-85 . It contains 2741 numbers , with many literary and critical notes , so that it is more a history of Masonic literature than a pure bibliography . We may the more thoroughly reco mmend this work to all lodge libraries and Masonic stude nts , as the well known and valuable work of George Kloss is out of print , and as it reaches only up to 1 S 44 . * ED . N . AND Q .

604 ] COWAN . Whether cowan comes from " coyon . " or " covin , " it is quite clear that it is of an early technical Scottish use . The " covins " of early English legislation may have been applied to non members of Guilds , from a common use of applying the characteristic of things personally in linguistic usage . Curiously enough too , there is an old technical architectural

term "coving , " which technically meant the exterior projection of the upper parts of a building beyond the limits of its ground plan . " By that " paradox of derivation " as some one has said , the Masons who worked outside the regular limits of a Guild might be termed in process of time " covins or cowans . " I cannot help thinking the word is of pure trade origin and meaning . MASONIC STUDENT