India.

and importance . For some years he has filled the post of Government Professor of Law at Bombay . It is , however , as a Freemason that Mr . Leith finds his way into our columns , and many of his brethren in theCraftwill read with interest the following details about a Masonic career of unusual distinction . Mr . Tyrrell Leith was in 1 S 64 initiated in the Isaac Newton University Lodge , No . S 59 , Cambridge , in which he successively held the offices of Deacon and

Warden , and he was exalted to the Degree of Royal Arch in the Euclid Chapter , No . S 59 , Cambridge , in 1 S 66 . Mr . Leith is founder and Past Master of the University Lodge , No . 111 S , London , one ot the leading London lodges , established for Masons who are members of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge . He had been twice Master of Lodge'St . George , ' No . 549 , Bombay , in which he formerly served for some years as Secretary . He

is the Founder and a Past Master of Lodge 'Aryan , ' No . 1709 , Bombay , the only existing Hindoo lodge . It was started with the object of opening the portals of Freemasonry to Hindoos of high character , social position , and education , and their admission has always been warmly advocated by him as an important social and political measure . He is also Founder and a P . M . of Lodge ' Hiram , 'No . 17 S 4 , Bombay , consisting of Masters

and Past Masters of lodges in the district . It was founded in order to promote facilities for intercommunication and uniformity of working in the lodges . He was for some years a member and afterwards Chairman of the District Grand Board of General Purposes , Board of Benevolence , and Freemasons' Hall Committee , and is the Founder of the present Bombay Masonic Association for supporting , clothing , and educating the orphans of deceased

Freemasons , of which he is the patron , and in which he has always taken a deep interest . Mr . Leith was , in 1 S 79 , appointed District Grand Master and Grand Superintendent of the Royal Arch for Bombay and its Territories . His jurisdiction extends over a wide range of country , including the Bombay Presidency , from Kurrachee , Hyderabad , and Sukkur in the west , to Jubbulpore and Nagpore in the east , and as far north as

Mhow and Nusseerabad . He thus rules over zi lodges containing over 700 members . He is Past Inspector General of the 33 rd Degree , and Past Prov . G . M . of Mark Masonry for Bombay , and he has held high rank in the Masonic Orders of the Temple and Hospital , the Red Cross , and the Royal Order of Scotland . In addition to this Mr . Leith is an Honorary Member of various Craft lodges and other Masonic bodies both in England and

India . He is Honorary Past G . M . of all Scottish Freemasonry in India , and has ever warmly supported cordial relations with the Scottish Constitution in this country . He is Life Governor of the three great Masonic Charities in England . Mr . Tyrrell Leith is , however , widely known in Bombay , out of Masonic circles , as a scientific student , and , what is very rare in India , a great collector of books . He is , of course , a Fellow of the Bombay

University and a Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay , and was formerly a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation . He is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society , Member of the Royal Asiatic Society and of the Anthropological Society of Italy . He is , as all our readers are aware , the Founder and President of the recently established Anthropological Society of Bombay , which is the first of its kind in India . Mr . Leith has

always devoted considerable attention to anthropological studies , especially to the branch known as Sociology . Among the subjects of his original researches may be named the following : The Funeral Rites of the Parsees , the Religion of the Non-Aryan Races of India , the Primitive Disposal of the Dead by Exposure , Cannibalism in India , the Dog in Myth and Custom , and Spirit Possession in India . He was a member of the Bombay Committees for the Calcutta , Antwerp , and Indian and Colonial

Exhibitions , and in each case he arranged for the ethnological collections representative of Western India . In 1 S 84 Mr . Leith received the Order of the Crown of Italy as an acknowledgment of his services in promoting scientific research , and especially for scientific services rendered to the Italian Government . In conclusion , we may perhaps add that Mr . Leith is a keen yachtsman , and that while owner of the well-known racing yacht , the ' Cinderella , ' he carried off the two most important prizes of the Royal Bombay Yacht Club . "

The One-Hundred-And-Fiftieth Anniversary Of The Lodge Of Industry, No 48.

THE ONE-HUNDRED-AND-FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE LODGE OF INDUSTRY , No 48 .

The 150 th anniversary of the Lodge of Industry , No . 4 S , was celebrated at the last meeting of the year at the Masonic Hall , Jackson-street , Gateshead . During the evening Bro . R . B . Reed , P . M . 48 , Prov . G .

Treasurer , delivered an historical address . One hundred and fifty years ago , he said , the Lodge of Industry joined the London lodges . Freemasonry was then emerging from a cloud that had enveloped it for nearly threecenturies . In the third year of the reign of Henry VI . an Act was passed for the abolition of the Societies of Masons . The art was not altogether extinguishedhowever ; in secret and stealth ,

, our glorious principles were kept alive . Upon the achievement of the great Revolution of 16 SS , the surface of society became calmer , and katned and good men had time to turn their attention to the principles of Masonry , which continued to develope from that time . Having referred to the labours of Sir C . Wren , who was permeated with a love of both practical and speculative Masonry , he

said it was not till the year 1717 that the London lodges met together , at the sign of the Goose and Gridiron , when they resolved upon electing a Grand Master , In 1721 a Deputy Grand Master and Wardens were appointed for the first time , and then began the organisation of the Grand Lodge of England as we now know it . How the Lodire of Industry began , and how it was begun , they did

not know ; but , by tradition and inquiry , they found that in 1690 , or about that time , when Sir Ambrose Crowley , an ironmonger , of London , established his works at Winlation , in the county of Durham , the Operative Masons also practised the Speculative Art . Minutes of this date Masonic lod

were perhaps the rarest things to be got in ges , because it was dangerous to keep them while Masons were under the ban of the law . The minutes of Industry Lodge went back to 1723 , however , two years after the commencement of the Grand Lodge , and the first entry was dated 20 th September , 1725 ; " Then Matthew Armstrong

The One-Hundred-And-Fiftieth Anniversary Of The Lodge Of Industry, No 48.

and Arthur Douglass had their names registered as Entered Apprentices . " In 1735 they joined the Grand Lodge . In turning over the ancient records he found the following entries : " That no Master or Fellow shall take an apprentice for less term than seven years , and one that is able of birth , free born , whole of limbs , and as a man ought to be . " " That no man go into the town at nights except he has

fellows with him that may bear witness he was in good company . " " That every Master and Fellow shall cherish strange fellows when they come out of strange countries , and set them on work if they hnve any , and they willing to workif not , to supply them with money to the next Lodge if need be . " Amongst the valuables of the lodge were the shear lees

from the old lodge at Swalwell , the scagliola pillars , presented by the late Earl of Durham ; a Bible , dated 1615 ; a copy of the " Constitutions of Freemasonry , " published in J 723 , edited by Dr . J . T . Desaguliers . They had also " Entick ' s Constitutions of Freemasonry , " 1767 . The Master ' s chair — a very valuable one — was presented to them by the Duke of Sussex , the first Grand Master after the Union in 1813 . He urged upon the brethren individually to promote the welfare of such a lodge

and eloquently pointed out that the working tools were only the symbols of rules of moral conduct . He was one of those who believed that Speculative Masonry began when Operative Masonry began . He had no doubt that while the building of the lower , prior to the confusion of tongues , was going on , Speculative Masonry had its beginnings . It was carried on by the Phoenicians , the Egyptians , and the Israelites ; and just as architecture was developed , and

great and material buildings were erected , so Speculative Masonry was developed . They knew the position it occupied in reference to King Solomon's Temple . While the Temple grew another unseen temple was rising—a temple founded on the claims of Brotherly Love , Relief , and Truth —a house perfect in its parts—a house not made with hands , eternal in the skies . The real lodge was not the building . The lodge was found in the principles they

imbibed . In the course of his ( Bro . Reed s ) own researches he had come across a curious piece of information , which he had not seen communicated to any lodge hitherto . In the journal of Mr . John McDouall Stuart , the celebrated Australian explorer and a brother Mason , kept during his fourth expedition in 1 S 50 , for fixing the centre of Australia , he spoke of encountering some natives . " One was an old man , andseemed tobe the fatherof these two fine young men .

He was very talkative , but I could make nothing of him . I have endeavoured by signs to get information from him as to where the next water is ; but we cannot understand each other . After some time , and having conferred with his two sons , he turned round , and surprised me by giving me one of the Masonic signs . 1 looked at him steadily ; he repeated it , and so did his two sons . I then returned it , which seemed

to please them much , the old man patting me on the shoulders and stroking down my beard . They then took their departure , making friendly signs until they were out of sight . " So that where a white man or a civilised man had not been before , they found the Masonic signs in use amongst the heads of tribes , for no doubt the natives put the Masonic sign to Mr . Stuart to see if he were a headman .

First Annual Summer Festival Of The Covent Garden Lodge Of Instruction, No. 1614.

FIRST ANNUAL SUMMER FESTIVAL OF THE COVENT GARDEN LODGE OF INSTRUCTION , No . 1614 .

This lodge of instruction held its first summer festival on Wednesday , the nth inst . The party , which met at Waterloo Station at 10 . 30 a . m ., and were received by Bro . G . Reynolds , S . D . 1614 , Secretary to the lodge of

instruction , with Mrs . G . Reynolds , consisted of Bro . W . B . Fendick , P . M . 1321 ; Bros . W . Schenick , P . and Wm . A . Stuart Montauk , 2 S 6 , Brooklyn , New York ; Bro . R . A . Kirkaldy , W . M . 1321 ; Bro . G . Deaton , I . G . 25 , and Mrs . Lockwood , and Mr . S . A . Deaton ; Bro . A . Freeman , 1 C 14 , and Miss M . Freeman ; Bro . W . F . Thorpe , J . D . 1614 , Miss Thorpe , and Mrs . Clewitt ; Bro . W . A .

Llench , 1776 ; Bro . W . Ponsford , 25 ; Bro . E . Mills , 1614 , and Mrs . Mills ; Bro . G . Dickinson , Miss Honeyball , Miss A . Moore , and Mr . Brown ; Bro . John Collins , S 60 , and W , H . Honeyball , jun . After a pleasant run to Windsor they were conducted to Bro . T . G . Tagg ' s steam launch Serapis , and were soon comfortably settled .

The loving cup having been passed round , luncheon was served in the cabin , and the members and their friends had no difficulty in enjoying the trip or appreciating the beautiful scenery of the Thames . Amidst fun and laughter the launch stopped at Cookham , where there was a short stoppage and a pleasant dance on the banks . The party then continued their journey without further

break to Bourne End , and thence back to Windsor , where a capital banquet was in readiness , at the Star and Garter Hotel , under the personal superintendence of Bro . W . J . McCloskie . Bro . W . B . Fendick , P . M . 1321 , presided ; and Bro . G . Deaton , I . G . 25 , Vice-Chairman , in the unavoidable absence of Bro . W . Honeyball , I . P . M . 16 S 1 . After the CHAIRMAN had given the usual loyal toasts ,

which were warmly responded to with musical honours , Bro . G . DEATON , in a humorous speech , proposed 'The Health of the Ladies , " and in doing so , said they were all pleased to have their company , as their presence enlivened the proceedings very much , and made them more sociable . In summer Masonic outings Masons were always delighted to have amalgamations of ladies and friends . He trusted

they had all enjoyed the day , and that in future years there would be a still larger gathering . Mr . BROWN having responded , The CHAIRMAN proposed "Success to the Covent Garden Lodge of Instruction Summer Festival , " coupling with it the name of Bro . G . Reynolds , the Secretary , whom all knew to be indefatigable in whatever he undertook to perform . The popularity of the lodge of instruction was

in a great measure due to his perseverance , and those brethren who attended on Thursday evenings at the Criterion would agree with him in his opinion . That day ' s excursion was the first they had ever had , and as it had proved so successful he hoped it would be continued annually . Bro . G . Reynolds had done all in his power to make every one comfortable , and all the arrangements had been most satisfactory . Bro , G . REYNOLDS having thanked , them most , heartily

First Annual Summer Festival Of The Covent Garden Lodge Of Instruction, No. 1614.

for all their good wishes , proposed "The Chairman ' s Health , " which was duly honoured and acknowledged . Bro . W . SCHENICK replied for "The Visitors ; " and " The Vice-Chairman ' s Health " having been given , a few dances just to pass the time were indulged in , and the party returned to London , which was reached about midnight , the day having been one of unalloyed pleasure throughout .

An International Masonic Difficulty.

AN INTERNATIONAL MASONIC DIFFICULTY .

An erroneous statement has been going the round of the Press relative to what is known as *¦ The Quebec Trouble . " It is said that " All the American Masons ~ sympathise with their Quebec brethren . It has long been an inexorable law of Masonry that each Grand Lodge is supreme in its own jurisdiction . "

The Grand Master of New York ( the largest organisation of the kind in the United States ) , so far from siding with Quebec , has expressly declared in favour of the Grand Lodge of England , on the ground that whilst upholding the doctrine of Grand Lodge sovereignty , he does not consider such a belief renders Masonic bodies previously enjoying a lawful existence within such territory clandestine or illegal , because of their refusal to abandon

their previous allegiance , and place themselves under the authority of the newly-created Grand Lodge . The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania has also expressed itself in support of England , and it has been authoritatively declared that a majority of the Grand Lodges in the United States will have nothing to do with the question , but will allow England and Quebec to settle their own difficulties in their own way and at their own pleasure .

The facts are these . Soon after the formation of the Grand Lodge of Canada , its status was recognised by England , when the late Earl of Zetland was Grand Master , on the condition that if any English lodges preferred to continue their allegiance , Masonically , with the Mother country , they should be at liberty so to do . At that time Quebec was under the authority of the "Canadian Freemasons , " but when the change was made by the

formation of independent provinces all being included in the Dominion of Canada , the Grand Lodge of Canada became simply , if not by name , the Grand Lodge of Ontario and Quebec ; Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and other provinces were constituted into Grand Lodges . Nova Scotia has had no objections to a lodge at Halifax , established in 1 S 29 , continuing under England , and both bodies are on the best of terms . In New Brunswick and other provinces

all the lodges joined the new organisations , save in Quebec ; there being three lodges at Montreal , formed in 1 S 24 , 1 S 36 , and 1854 respectively , which have from 1 S 6 9 to now declined to join the Grand Lodge of Quebec . The Grand Lodge of Quebec has refused recognition from England unless the warrants of these three lodges are withdrawn . The Grand Master ( the Prince of Wales ) replied that they are welcome to return their charters voluntarily , but

having been guilty of no fault , they cannot be compelled to leave our jurisdiction . After many attempts at a settlement , the Grand Lodge of Quebec has now unwisely issued a decree of non-recognition of the members of these three lodges , and hence the difficulties with the Grand Lodge of England , which , of course , remains true to its progeny , the wide world over , and though refraining from granting new warrants in the territory of a newly-formed Grand Lodge ,

refuses to cut off any of its former subordinates who still prefer its rule . The Grand Lodge of England has recognised the newly-formed Grand Lodge of South Australia , on the condition that the inherent rights of the majority were respected . This was mutually agreed to , and happily since 1 SS 4 , when the new body was started , all the lodges

have voluntarily joined , and peace and prosperity prevail . One or two Grand Lodges in the United States have sided with Quebec , and withdrawn their representatives , just as the Prince of Wales has cancelled the patents at this end in consequence ; but generally speaking the action of England is warmly supported everywhere . —Western Morning Nevis .

Chinese Masonry.

CHINESE MASONRY .

The San Francisco Alta-California in a recent issue has the following : — "What , may I ask , was the subject of your ponderings : Had that roll of papers anything to do with them ?" " Yes , they are notes gathered by an old partner of mine , who devoted himself to a study of the Chinese people and

their customs . I ' ve got a whole case full of them once , and when I have nothing else to do I amuse myself by reading some of them . 1 have gained a great deal of information from them which is frequently of considerable assistance to me in my practice . " " Tell me what is the story contained in those papers in your lap ? " said the reporter , instinctively producing his note book and pencil .

" It ' s a brief history of the Chinese Order of Masons . Now , I suppose you think theirs is like all other Masonry , and a branch of the great organisation established by King Solomon . You must disabuse your mind on that score , \ l such is your opinion . To be sure , it is a Society for mutual benefit and protection ; but its original and present purpose as well is entirely revolutionary . The birth of the Order occurred soon after the Monogolians invaded China , and is

nearly 400 years old . lhe Society was composed of the old Chinese nobles and their followers who were opposed to the new Emperor . Their numbers were naturally small at first ; but the years added to their strength . Each member educated his children to a belief in the doctrines of the Order , until now their numbers include nearly one-third of the entire population of the empire . There are also about 30 , 000 in the United States . The influence of the Society

is naturally very great , and its members have much to do with the formation of Chinese affairs of State . From its inception , four centuries ago , the Society has instigated innumerable rebellions , and all the members naturally imbibed a strong martial spirit . As a consequence , the Order has developed many famous soldiers , and among them the great General Loy Yee , who , at the age of 80 vears . was

the commander-in-chief of all the forces of the empire . His appointment to this position was , of course , a measure adopted by the Emperor to conciliate the Society to which he belonged . Many of China's foreign Ministers also owe their positions to this policy . Being statesmen of great ability they naturally became a power to be feared by the Government , and are accordingly