Reviews.

Reviews .

SHEEP , THEIR VARIETIES , POINTS , CHARACTERISTICS , ETC ., by J OSEPH DABBY , Dean and Son , Fleet-street , E . C . We have in this book a very lucid account of sheep , about which a good deal may be written , and about which much oug ht to be known by us all , in these well informed days , especially .

It seems that , according to Parkinson , there once were 37 English breeds , of which only 16 are now extant , and that the others are practically extinct . Among non-existing species may be mentioned the Ryeland , the Norfolk Heath , the Wilts and Herts horned , and others . And though it would not profit our readers to go through the whole list of existing sheep , yet some of our predominant favourites

may well be mentioned , such as the South Down , the Leicester , the Cotswold , the Lincoln , the Hampshire , the Shropshire , the Oxford , the Romney Marsh or Kentish , the Cheviot , the Exmoor , the Dorset , the Mountain , ( Duke of Roxburgh ) as well as several smaller mountain breeds . Neither need we now call attention to the colonial sheep , ( principally Merino , ) because that would lead us into too

long a disquisition . Of the foreign sheep , the most common is also the Merino , originally Spanish , but now greatly prevalent in Germany and Hungary . Mr . Darby states that nine-tenths of the sheep of Germany , Austria , and Hungary are true Merino , and that one-fourth of the French sheep are also either pure Merino or half Merino .

Among foreign sheep may be specified the Negretti , the Rambouillet , the Persian , the Syrian , the Wallachian , the Cyprian . Our readers will perceive what a deal may be written and ought to be known about sheep , which help us so greatly in our necessary clothing and daily food , and like the Frenchmen , they will be ready , we feel sure , to say , " revenons a nos moutons , "

THE EARLY HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF FREEMASONRY . BRO . GEORGB F . F ORT . We are glad to note the favour with which this very valuable work is now looked upon everywhere by all Masonic students , and we venture to predict for it still greater

popularity , and a wider circulation . The carefulness of compilation , the originality of research , the lucidity of statement , the remarkable correctness of view , which in general distinguish it , deserve to be gratefully appreciated and encouraged by us all .

PRACTICAL MASONIC LECTURES . Bv SAMUEI LAWTUNCE , P . G . M . of Georgia , U . S . We have been much struck by this valuable little compendium of Masonic practicality . It is well wiitten , clearly expressed , the points are delivered with force and yet e'oquence , and no one can rise from its perusal without

being more convince" ! than ever of the value and reality ol our good old religious teaching Order , and without feeling that despite Mr . Heckethorne " et hoc genus omnc . " of " scribblers and poetasters , " who like to run a muck at Masonry , there is a Masonic literature after all , and one that deserves study , and will pay perusal .

THE WORLD ON WHEELS . BY EZIIA M . STRATTON . New York , Author , 1878 . This is an historical sketch of the coachbuilder ' s art and its results from the time of Rameses the Great , ( circa 1500 B . C ) , down to the American Exhibition in 1876 . The first picture is the primitive sledge , of no particular date , and the last is a hearse which took a prize at

Philadelphia . Between these two extremes come 400 illustrations of carriages of every shape and size , and every period . The chariots of the Assyrian sculptures , of Egypt , Pompeii , Rome , and Greece , with many others , are all figured and described at length , while , in the latter

part of the book , full accounts are given of the carriages used in all modern nations . In any future edition , perhaps Mr . Stratton may find some information worth quoting as to the origin of the London Hansom which appeared in 1873 , in the March number of the Journal of the Society of Arts .

Inauguration Of The Falkland Memorial.

INAUGURATION OF THE FALKLAND MEMORIAL .

The great ccfol with which the ceremony of unveiling the memorial to Viscount Falkland , on Newbury battlefield passed off , on Monday , was much more due to Freemasonry than was apparent to the outside world . Owing to the high position occupied by the Right Hon . the Earl

of Carnarvon , as Pro Grand Master of the Craft , the officers and brethren of the local lodge , the Lcyal Berkshire Lodge of Hope , No . 574 , initiated steps with the object of doing honour to his lordship , and , in accordance with the terms of a resolution unanimously adopted by the brethren , the Provincial Grand Master , ( Sir Daniel Gooch , Bart ., M . P . ) , was petitioned , and granted permission to the

brethren of the province to lake part 111 the day s ceremonial attired in full Masonic clothing . Invitations were at once issued to the various lodges in this and neighbouring provinces , and every effort was made , ( so far as the shortness of the time permitted ) , to secure a good attendance . When it became known that the Freemasons intended being present , the Oddfellows , Foresters , and other bodies ,

followed the example , and the result was , that the demonstration assumed an important character , anil Lord Carnarvon received a welcome which must have been highly pleasing to him , given , as it was , in the town near which his lorelship resieles , anil where his high qualities , as a landowner and neighbour , are best known . Bro . William Biggs , of Reading , Past Provincial Grand Secretary of Berks and Bucks , and P . l ' . S . G . Waidcn of

Inauguration Of The Falkland Memorial.

Wilts , kindly undertook the duties of Director of Ceremonies , and discharged them with much efficiency . Among the brethren who attended and signed the lodge book were the Pro Grand Master of England , Lord Carnarvon ; the officers and brethren of the Loyal Berkshire Lodge of Hope , No . 574 , namely , Bios . G . M . Knight , W . M . ; Barron Fielder , P . M ., P . G . S . W . ; A . Burns , P . M . ;

R . Ravenor , P . M . ; W . H . Herbert , P . M . ; Geo . Boyer , P . M ., P . P . G . P . ; Jno . Bance , P . P . G . J . D . ; S . G . Hunt , S . W . ; S . Knight , J . W . ; C . Hopson , Sec . ; Rev . W . Fraser Campbell , Chaplain ; W . Baldincr , M . C . ; W . B . Wilson , J . D . ; F . H . Marychurch , W . G . " Coldicutt . W . T . Toms , G . J . Cosburn , W . J . Westrope , W . H . Booth , R . Johnston , T . W . Graham , E . Jones , A . Stradling , W . Cordey , James

Tegg , W . Knight , E . P . Plenty , Jas . Biffen , J . G . O'Farrell , ( Robert Burns , No . 25 ) , and others . The visitors included Bros , the Rev . George Portal , P . P . J . W . Oxon , P . M . No 10 ; C . W . Cox . J . W . 1566 ; R . Silver , ( Mayor of Maidenhead ) , re , 66 ; J . T . Bersey , 487 ; A . Welch , W . M . 1101 ; H . H . Hodges , P . P . G . S . W . ; R . Nicholson , 1566 ; S . Jacob , Fidelity , 445 ; W . T . Legge , D . C . 1566 ; R . T . Shrewsbury , 7366 ; Ephraim Davey ,

S . D . 1566 ; T . Pearson , 757 ; Dick Radclyffe , P . G . Stwd . ; T . Newman , D . C . 1101 ; T . Hawker , 209 ; Jas . Batting , S . W . 1501 and 1566 ; H . Ayres , 414 ; E . Hopwood , P . M . 141 , 1 J , P . P . G . S . B . Middx . ; Rev . C . R . Honey , Prov . Grand Chaplain ; H . Balding , 1692 ; A . W . Cook , 3 82 ; E . L . Shepherd , W . M . 945 ; C . P . Smith , 209 ; C . Wheeler , 209 ; J . H-. Stillman , H . Creed , 1101 ; H . J . Thatcher , W . M . 694 ; J . Gibson , 6 94 ; James B . Stone , 195 ; Hengist , and others .

Multum In Parbo;Or Masonic Notes And Queries.

Multum in Parbo ; or Masonic Notes and Queries .

THE FOUR ORIGINAL LODGES . Much has been written about these loelges , but as a certain confusion has come over the accounts , owing to the lapse of time and the carelessness of past days , I think it well to remind the readers of the Freemason what is their history briefly recounted . As mentioned by Anderson , at page 109 , "

Constitutions , " 1738 . They are No . 1 . The Lodge at the Goose and Grieliron . „ 2 . „ „ „ „ Crown . „ 3 . „ „ „ „ Apple Tree . „ 4 . „ ,, „ „ Rummer and Grapes . The No . 1 of the Old Lists continued No . r until 1813 , when it became No . 2 . It is now the Lodge of Antiquity , No .

2 . ( unchartered ) . It was at the King ' s Arms , St . Paul ' s Churchyard , in 173 6 , according to Smith , and at the same place according to Anderson in 173 8 . In 1763 , it was said to meet at the Queen ' s Arms , St . Paul ' s Churchyard , ( probably the same house ) , and is said to have met at ether houses subsequently . Its history has yet to be written . It has met at Freemasons' Hall , I believe continuously ,

since the end of the last century , probably from a much earlier date . Bro . W . J . Hughan kindly sends me the following , prepared for his forthcoming book : " Register of Lodges at the Union , and List of Centenary Lodges , " & c . "No . 1 , before the union , and No . 2 since , was named first of all the ' West Indian and American Lodge , ' about the middle of the last

century . I have it in Lists of 1763 , 1765 , & c . It is called Antiquity in Cole ' s List of 1744 , and apparently dates from 1770 in that capacity . It has assembled at the King ' s Arms , and Queen's Arms , St . Paul's Churchyard , Mitre , Fleet-street , & c . In a Grand Lodge Calendar I have of 1784 it is at Freemasons' Hall . " No . 2 , though it appears in 1736 at the Bull and Gate ,

in Smithfield , is out , Bro . Hughan tells me , in Pine ' s list of 1723 , and has since disappeared altogether . No . 3 , in 1736 , is No . 2 of 1736 ; No . 2 of 173 8 , 1 s No . 2 , of 1763 ; No . 2 , of J 8 II , and is now No . 4 It is also unchartered . It is the fourth in order as Anderson names them , but is at the Horn , Westminster , No . 2 , in 17 63 . This old lodge amalgamated with two lodges , the Somerset House , and the Royal Inverness , and was No . 2 in

up to 1813 , and is now No . 4 . Bro . Hughan informs me that No . 2 , before the Union , anil No . 4 since , was first called the "Old Horn . " It is so in lists up to 1 7 ( 18 , he adds , in his collection . Also that in 1774 of Cole ' s List it is changed to " Somerset House , " the latter lodge , warranted in 1764 , having united with the " Old Horn , " anil hence its change of name . The Inverness Loelge was the first chartered after the Union , and also united with it . Hence its present

name . The No . 3 of 1717 , is the No . 11 of 1736 , the No . 10 of 1738 , the No . 6 of 1763 , the No . 6 of 1811 . Why it has changed places with No . 4 is only explicable on the ground given in Anderson , that for some reason , quite needlessly , as he avers , it gave up its immemorial usage , and took out a

new charter 111 1722 , so that the No . 4 of 1717 preceded it , and became No . 3 . It is now No . 12 , Fortitude anil Old Cumberland , having also amalgamated with the Old Cumberland Ledge , or taken the name of Fortitude between 1 763 and 1781 , apparently . Bro . Hughan inlorms me

that it was first called Fortitude about 1774 , and that the Lodge of Friendship was so called by resolution of the lodge in 1767 . No . 12 , Old Cumberland , warranted in 1783 , before 1837 , and is now , as before , named Fortitude and Old Cumberland . We want a good history of each of these lodges ! MASONIC STUDENT .

By a printer ' s error , as all who arc interested in the matter will see at once , in my last note , 1730 is printed for 1738 , and 1738 for J 7 63 . MASONIC S'l UDENT .

Multum In Parbo;Or Masonic Notes And Queries.

I will do my best to oblige " Masonic Student , " and others by compiling a few particulars as to the early numbers of many of the old lodges which exist to-day , and will send the article in time for the December " Masonic Magazine . "

I am at present , however , engaged in preparing my next work for the press ( Register cf Lodges at the Union , their Numbers before and since Dates of Warrants , Lists of Centenary Warrants , Illustrations of Centenary and Special Jewels , & c , & c ) , that I must not stay to say more now , much as the subject interests me . W . J . HUGHAN .

Notes On Art, &C.

NOTES ON ART , & c .

The Athenceum says that Mr E . M . Thompson will succeed Mr . Bond as Keeper of theMSS . at the British Museum . Under the American patents , some 14 , 000 telephones have , it is stated , during the past year been set up in the United Stales , and are being rented at an aveiage rental of £ 10 per annum ; and fresh orders are being received at the rate of 1000 sets per month .

Mr . Edison writes to Messrs . Home and Thornwaite as follows : — "The newspapers have grossly exaggerated matters in regard to the megaphone . It is true 1 have been experimenting upon an apparatus for the benefit of those partially deaf , and with a fair degree of suecess , but should my efforts prove successful it will be several months before the instrument will be placed in the market . "

Professor Struve , director of the Pulkova Observatory , is leaving R ussia for a visit to Western Europe , for the purpose of giving directions for the construction of a new great refractor for the Pulkovo Observatory . The old refractor , which some time ago was one of the best in the world , is now behind those of Washington , Chicago , and Gateshead ( Mr . Newall ' s Observatory ) , and the

Pulkova Observatory , according to the will of its founder , the Emperor Nicholas , should be maintained superior to all other observatories in that direction . —Nature . On Wednesday the vacation Judge , Mr . justice Field , granted an order , upon an application made on behalf of the Poet Laureate , restraining the Christian SignaL Publishing Company from publishing in their paper

a poem entitled " Confessions of a Sensitive Mind , " written by Mr . Tennyson some time ago , but never published , and now advertised for publication without his consent . The Christian Signal is a penny weekly newspaper , lately statteil in London . Since then Mr . Justice Hawkins has made the order perpetual . Padre Ferrari , the new Director of the

Observatoiy at Rome , announces the discovery of a new comet 011 August 22 . He has registered it as a star of the seventh magnitude , under No . 29 , 69 b in Lalande's catalogue . It was then close to Scorpio , but is rapidly descending , so that on Thursday its declination would have been 20 ° 22 ' South . The light is very feeble , but still sufficiently visible . Its apparent diameter is 3 ' . It is transparent , shows no

soliel nucleus , ami frequently changes colour . The rage for exhibitions has now spread even to Central Asia . The latest news from Tashkend states that an agricultural and industrial exhibition is about to be held there . Great preparations are being made for it at Samarcand , and the Government has promised gold and silver medals to the exhibitors as well as honorary Kaftans .

—Nature . The golden wedding of the Austrian Empress ' s parents , the Duke and Duchess Max , in Bavaria , was celebrated last week at Tcgernsee , in the presence of the Empress , Princess Sophie d'Alencon , and Dukes Louis , Charles Theodore , and Max Emanuel . The Duke declined any public festivities .

Mr . G . W . Callender , F . R . S ., of St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital , Mr . Edmund Owen , of Et . Mary's , and Surgeons-Major P . Shepherd and F . Falwasser , Army Medical Department , have been elected Honorary Associates of the Order of St . John of Jerusalem in England , in recognition of their zealous and able services in furtherance of the objects of the St . John Ambulance Association ,

established by the Oreler for the dissemination of information as to the first treatment of the sick and injured . The Academy notes that a successful experimi'iit has lately been tried in the equatorial provinces of Egypt , which may not improbably ere ' ong revolutionise the mode of transit in Eastern Africa , and solve a problem which has hitherto puzzled travellers . About a year ago ,

at Colonel Gordon ' s request , a few trained elephants were sent to Khartum , where they arrived in duecourse , having marched along the banks of the Nile . A report has been received in Cairo from Colonel Gordon stating that he hail despatched them to the military station of Lardo , about 11 deg . south of Khartum , and six miles north of Gondokoro , and that they had acce mplishcd this distance in 84 days .

A not unimportant advantage to be derived from the employment of elephants in this manner was demonstrated by the : fact that the negroes along the line of march were [ li ghtened by them , and made no attempt to attack the party . The elephants have gradually learned to live on leaves and grass , as the wild elephants do , and keep in first-rate condition without the different kinds of food to which they hail previously been accustomed . Colonel

Gordon consequently advises travellers going into the interior of Africa from Zanzibar to use elephants , anil thus to avoid the necessity for a host of porters , who are a neverending source of elelay anil annoyance . It m . iy be remembered ( hit the question of employing elephants in African exploration was discussed after the reading of Mr . H . B . Cottuill ' s paper on the Nyassa , lur the Socictyi' African Section on the 281 I 1 of May last .