How Grand Lodge Was Built Up.

who returned to his duty , after a short spell of leave on shore , without hie inexpressibles . There is no evidence that Napoleon III . ' s sumptuary edict was ever literally obeyed , while Marryatt ' s boatswain was a fictitious personage . But the Dermott incident is recorded in black and white , under his own hand , in the minutes lie

compiled of his own Grand Lodge , and , 1 say , all honour to the brother who thus boldly preferred duty to decency , and by so doing created a grand precedent for future Grand Secretaries who may suffer from gout and the apathy of their Assistant Dickeys , to follow or avoid , as it may seem to them best .

But T must leave Dermott , now regulating and organising , nowlecturing and swearing , at one time conversing with an Arab Mason in the Hebrew language , at another exchanging Latin compliments with the Grand Master , with his oddities , his love of detail , his shrewd common sense , and without hia " Britches , " in order to resume the thread of my story . The officers of the

Grand Committee of the " Ancients were the Grand Secretary , who did everything , and the Grand Pursuivant — sometimes also written " Pursuviant "—and the Grand Tyler , who between them did little or nothing . When , however , the Grand Committee gave place to a Grand Lodge and a Grand Master—albeit not a noble Grand—was elected , he at once appointed a Deputy ,

and the Grand Lodge elected G . Wardens , who , as well as the G . M ., were installed in office . Subsequently , as the funds of the Societ y increased , there was appointed a Grand Treasurer , and then , as the Society became more and more of a dignified bod y , there followed a Grand Chaplain and a Grand Sword Bearer , while Stewards wei-e annually elected for the feast , but they wei'e chosen from the

general body of lodges , not from particular ones , and were assigned no special p lace of honour in Grand Lodge . After the Union of the two Societies in 1813 Grand Deacons , a Grand Superintendent of Works , and a Grand Organist were appointed , there being one Senior and one Junior G . Deacon until 1862 , when two of each rank were appointed , while in 1893 the number of each was increased to three .

In 1814 was also created the office of Grand Registrar , and m 189 . ' ! that of Deputy G . Reg . In 1816 we meet with a President of the Board of General Purposes—who in 1862 became ex-officio a Grand Officer—and a Grand Secretary for German Correspondence . In 181-1 a Grand Director of Ceremonies was appointed , and in 1829 an Assistant Director , while in 1882 was created the office of Deputy

Director , and iu 1893 the one Assistant bloomed into three . The appointment of two Standard Bearers dates from 1882 , and in 1840 the office of Grand Pursuivant was " revived "—as there were Piu'snivants under the Ancient regime , I prefer this term to the " instituted " nf our Official Calendai '—with the i * ank of Assistant G . Pursuivant , instituted in 1859 . Until quite recently , the Grand Pursuivant

was not a full Grand Officer until he received tlie sanction of the G . AI ., when the term of his service was ended , to take his seat on the dais . There has also been , from time to time , an Assistant G . Secretary , and in 183 k . when the Dnke of Sussex was suffering from cataract , his Royal Highness was p leased to revive the office nf Acting or Pro G . Master . There are likewise 18 lodges—instead of

12 os under the "Modern G . Lodge—which enjoy the privilege of sending G . Stewards , and which are in consequence commonly spoken of as "Red Apron" Lodges . These have the exclusive privilege of becoming members of the Grand Stewards' Lodge , and , with the Master , Past Masters , and Wardens thei * eof , as well as of all the regular lodges , are , equally with the Present and Past Grand Officers , constituent members of Grand Lodge ; and as there are more than

2000 lodges on the roll of United Grand Lodge , the total number of members may possibly exceed , while it cannot fall far short of , 20 , 000 . And all this has come of the G . Lodge constituted hy the Four Old Lodges which met at the Goose and Gridiron , on St . John the Baptist ' s Day in the year of Grace , 1717 , and the year of Li ght , 5717 . Truly , the growth of Alasonry in Kngland , to say nothing of its off-shoots abroad , in the 177 years that have elapsed since then has been , as Dominie Sampson would have remarked , " prodigious ! "

An Anglo=Frish Lodge In The Last Century.

An Anglo = Frish Lodge in the last Century .

i P ^^^^^ jlOMbl few years ago , while engaged in a friendl y dis-^(^ S § g 2 y | t cussion as to the origin of the " Ancient " Grand Lodcr § % ^* 5 N Yf ° ^ ^" n ' ^ propounded by me in 'Masonic Pacts i /^^^^ il nln ^ Mictions , " 1 ventured to suggest that the refusal _ S ^_§ = ^_ gy of the regular Grand Lodge , in December , 1735 fn receive , as visitors , the "AIaster and Wardens of a Lodge from Ireland , " might have had something to do with the formation and working of Irish Lodges in England , and the subsequent

establishing of a rival Graud Lodge in London . What gave rise to this opinion , was the knowledge that during the year 1735 , and for several succeeding years , a very strong anti-Irish feeling existed in London , which culminated in serious rioting , chiefl y caused hy a number of poor Irish weavers coming over and working at their looms for a much lower rate of pay than the English weavers had been

accustomed to receive . Having noticed that a considerable number of the weaving fraternity hailing from the Emerald Isle were in the Grand Lodge Register of the " Ancients , " the foregoing conclusion seemed to me quite rational , although I fancy it made little or no impression on my opponent , who failed to perceive any connection whatever between the before-mentioned incidents and the formation

of the rival Grand Lodge some fifteen years later . Unfortunately the earliest returns , or original lists of members of the " Ancient " Lodges are not now in existence , although their registers are , bnt these seldom contain information as tothe former Lodges ofthe founders or joining members . Quite recently , however , an important piece

of evidence has come to light which goes far towards confirming my previously expressed opinion as to the Irish origin of the " Ancient " Lodges , in the shape of the original list of the Founders of a Lod ge , constituted in Alanchester ou the 21 st Alarch , 1795 . A copy of tins list is hereto appended , and it will be observed that everyone of the brethren wero Irish Alasons , and , with one exception , all weavers .

Names of the Founders of Lodge No . 289 , " Ancients . " " Hugh Avilery , first Master , No . C 81 , muslin mmmfaetoi * er , on tlio Kegestry of irland . "James Gillespie , muslin weaver , No . 071 on the Kegestry of irland . " Henry Haddock , muslin weaver , No . 393 on the Kegestry of irlaud . " John Honey , muslin weaver , No . 333 on the Kegestry of irland . " George McCormick , ' muslin weaver , No . 718 on the Kegestry of irlaud .

"Andrew Hunter , muslin \ yeaver , No . 333 on the Kegestry of inniid . " Hugh Holmes , muslin weaver , No . 459 on the Kegoslry of irhind . " Koherf . Hamilton , muslin weaver , No . MO on the Kegestry ol irlaud . "John Morgan , muslin weaver , No . ( 118 on the Kegestry of irhind . " John Park , muslin weaver , No . 741 ou the Kegestry of irlnnd . . " James Irwin , muslin weaver , No . 104 on the Kegestry of irlaud . ' * IJuniel Doras , Tnilm * , Xo . 715 nn the Kegestry of irlnnd .

" John Parker , muslin weaver , No . 520 on tho Kegestry of irlnnd . "James Coal , muslin weaver , No . 592 on the Kegestry of irhind . " Robert Carrol , muslin weaver , No . 073 on the Kegestry of irlaud . " William Sedgwick , muslin maniifnctorer , No . 710 on the Kegestry of irland . " Moses Halmond , muslin weaver , No . 405 on the Kegestry of irlnnd . " Hubert Lister , muslin weaver , No . 184 on the Kegestry of irland . " Moses Mitchell , muslin weaver . No . 450 on the Kegestry of irland .

This Lodge is now No . 210 on the Grand Lodge Register . To m } - thinking , no great stretch of imagination is required to be able to arrive af the conclusion that what was done in 1735 , might just as easily have been done at . an earlier period , and that prior to

the organisation of the Ancient or Anglo-Irish Grand Lodge , these Irish Alasons assembled and worked without Warrants , or any other authority , as they themselves admit in their early records , and , indeed , as all other Alasons did before the institution of Grand Lodges . HRNRY SADLKR ,

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NATIONALTHRIFTSOOIETY, HEAD OFF 1 CE-I , FINSBURY CIRCUS , E . C . •jSHNCE its establishment the Society has held about Five Hundred "Thrift Aleetings " at "Board Schools , National Schools , Alission Halls , AO Y . AI . C . A . ' , Youths' Institutes , Temperance Societies , Factories , Iron Foundries , & c . It has published a Series of nearly One Hundred varieties of Pamphlets , Leaflets , Periodicals , etc . —representing about One Million copies of Thrift Publications—which have been distributed at its Aleetings throughout London and the Gauntry , and by Parcels of Literature for Distribution sent to Subscribers , to Clergymen of all Denominations , Employers of Labour , Temperance Workers , & c . It . has established about One Hundred and Fifty Penny Banks , in connection with the P . O . S . B ., thus inculcating and promoting habits ' ol Thrift and prudence in the young , whilst taking every precaution that the amounts thus put aside for future nse are not lost , but . are available either on demand or at a few days' notice , the Deposits being transferred to the Post Ofiice Savings Bank in the names of local Trustees . It has encouraged and promoted Iiife and Accident Assurance , Fire Insurance , the Purchase of Annuities , Ante-Nuptial Settlements for the protection of the Home , Cash Payments , and Membership of safe and sound Provident Institutions of all kinds . If has-given advicepersonally and by letter—to thousands of individuals who have desired information and advice upon the subjects dealt with hy the Society . It has recentl y instituted short , bright " Thrift Chats" at Factories , Ironworks , Ac , the owners having allowed an entree to the Society ¦ » Lecturer for the purpose of giving Addresses suitable to the men , women , or young people employed at the Works . "The work of this Society , which for upwards of ten years has been under the Secretarial management of Hro . T . Bowden Green , is being very considerabl y developed . Thrift Aleetings are continually being held under its auspices , and a large amount of Thrift Literature is sent out from its Offices . "—The Freemason . Contributions in aid of tin ; work of the N . T . S . ai * e greatly needed . The Societ y is chietly maintained by One Guinea Donations . Chairman , Dr . UKKVILLE WAWOL £ . Hon . Sec , Col . H . JASHKR WIUKTI . Treasurer , THOMAS \ i . CI . AKKE , . LP . Secretary , T . BOWUKN G HEKS .