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Science, Art, And The Drama.
Science , Art , and the Drama .
THE RESOURCES OF ASIATIC RUSSIA . Siberia and the Amoor lands are rich beyond belief . Their 5 , 214 , 000 square miles are inhabited by only 4 , 000 , 000 souls . In recent years , however , the number of immigrants ( 400 , 000 in 1 S 9 S ) has been equalled only by the tide which poured into the United States in the past . The United States Consul at Chemnitz , says that this vast territory , long looked upon as a barren waste , is destined to be one of the world ' s richest and most
productive sections . In northern France wheat ripens in 137 days ; in Siberia in 107 . Even severe night frosts do not injure the young seed . Oats require in Siberia and in the Amoor country , only 9 6 days , and in the region of the Yenisei , only 107 to ripen . The frost period lasts only 97 days in Irkutsk country . Transbaikalia lies entirely within the agricultural regions , so , too , almost the entire territory traversed by the Amoor , as far
north as it runs . Efforts are being made to obtain along the Amoor , at least 116 , 000 square miles for the higher form of northern agriculture . Climatically , the best of Northern Asia ' s territory for planting purposes is the Usuri country , which , in spite of its vast tracks of wood and grazing land , has 75 , 000 square miles of arable land . The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway has already added to the empire's wheat product .
The mineral resources of Western Siberia are vast . Between Tomsk and Kopznesk lie 23 , 000 square miles of coal lands , which-4 iave never been touched . The coal is said to be excellent . In Eastern Siberia , with its 108 , 000 square miles of fruitful soil , there are 400 places yielding gold . Rich mineral deposits , graphite , lapis-lazuli , iron mines particularly rich in quality , hard and toft coal , await hands willing to work them . Russia's
output in gold and silver is already very large and is constantly increasing . Three-fourths of all the silver found in Russia is obtained in the Altai Mountains . Exclusive of the Ural gold fields , there are 851 places in the empire where gold is found . Notwithstanding the number of places in which iron is found , there are only four large establishments for its production . The ores are rich—5 S to Go per
cent , of raw iron . The industries of Siberia are in their infancy , still they are growing , and are bound to grow , so rich are the rewards promised . Chemical , sugar , and paper mills have been put up in several places , and are paying well . Even Manchuria is looking to Russia for its future development . The wealth of this province , like that of Siberia and all eastern Russia , is ripe for harvesting . The traffic in Siberia and eastern Russia is ,
according to Consul Monaghan , increasing faster than even the advocates of the Great Trans-Siberian road anticipated . The Obi , one of the world ' s great rivers , emptying through the gulf of Obi into the Arctic Oesan , has 102 steamers and 200 tugs running already . On the Yenisei 10 steamers carry the mails regularly . The mouths of both these rivers were visited last summer by English and Russian ships . This proves the practicability of
connecting eastern and western Siberia with Europe by water . I he mouth of the Obi is to be deepened , and wharves are to be built . On the coast of the Usuri country there is regular postal communication with Nicolajevsk , Vladivostock , and intervening places , as well as connection with Japanese ports and Port Arthur . From Odessa and St . Petersburg to various
THE INVENTION OF PAINTING IN OIL . J ohn Van Eyck , the supposed inventor of painting in oil , which he was said to have discovered in a search for varnish , died in 1441 . Mr . Raspe , in his curious treatise , published in 1781 , has proved that oil painting was known long before its pretended discovery by Van Eyck . The oil / minting " invented" by Jqhn , or rather Hubert , Van Eyck , was really varnish painting , and was incidentally discovered in experimenting for a good
varnish for tempera pictures . In the life of Antonello da Messina , Vasari says , " At last , having tried many things , separately and compounded , he discovered that linseed and nut oils were the most siccative ; these , therefore , he boiled with other mixtures and produced that varnish which he , and indeed every painter in the world had long desired . " Van Eyck , however , continues Vasari , found that by mixing his colours with these prepared
oils ( that is the varnish ) instead of the common tempera vehicle , his pictures required no varnishing at all , or that they then were quite as brilliant -. villiout varnish as they had previously been vuith . There then is evidently no question of the mere immixture of colours with oil ; this was an old practice and is mentioned by many old writers , but as Vasari siys in the life of Agnolo Gaddi , even this simple method was not used in Italy for figure
painting . The general term oil painting was therefore sufficiently characteristic to justify Vasari in using it in contradistinction to the common prevailing method of tempera painting , especially after tht very particular explanation of Van Eyck ' s method given in the notice ol Antonello da Messina . We have mention of the use of oil in varnishing as early as the
fifth century . An old Greek medical writer of that period notices the employment of walnut oil by gilders and encaustic painters on account of its drying property and its long preservation of gildings and pictures . There is mention , also , of linseed oil varnish in the eighth century , and this was in common use in the 12 th , and in the two following centuries linseed oil appears to have been abundantly employed at Westminster and Ely , even in painting .
HAYMARKET THEATRE . After a long successful run of " The Black Tulip , " the managemun have wisely resolved to revive the evergreen comedy of " She Stoops to Conquer . " This is one of the two comedies written by Dr . Oliver Goldsmith , the other being " The Good-Natured Man . " In both plays Goldsmith aimed at producing a natural transcript of life as opposed to the affectations of the sentimental school ol Steele and his followersin
, which , apart from the narrow restriction of the scene to polite life , comedy was set the task of reforming the morals instead of imitating the manners of the age . " She Stoops to Conquer" was produced at Covent Garden Theatre in March , 1773 , and ran for 12 nights . This was considered fairl y good . Our modern custom of running pieces for 200 or 300 nights was a thing utterly unknown . Goldsmith is said to have received nearly - £ 500 as
Asiatic ports runs the so-called volunteer fleet , established in 1 S 7 S . It has 14 steamers , with 115 , 500 tons displacement . Siberia and the Amoor country possess advantages very similar to those of North America , Australia , and parts of Africa . The great gain to Russia at present in developing Siberia is the guarantee that her harvest will come nearer to supplying her wheat requirements .
Science, Art, And The Drama.
proceeds of the three " author's nights . " The leading incident of the piece —the mistaking a gentleman's house for an inn—is said to have been borrowed from a blunder of the author himself , while travelling to Edgeworthstown , in Ireland ; and the original title was " The Old House a New Inn . " This famous old comedy in its plot and characters seems to have been drawn from li fe . Goldsmith revolted against the sentimental dramathough well
, aware of the risk he ran . " The undertaking a comedy , " he says in his dedication to Dr . J ohnson , " not merely sentimental , was very dangerous . However , I ventured to trust it to the public . " His object was to raise a genuine hearty laugh , and in this he has certainly succeeded . In Tony Lumpkin he has not shrunk from giving us a faithful picture of an illiterate young scapegrace , with low tastes and impudent manners , who is , yet , a
favourite with us , or to reproduce in all their comic rusticity the boorish ways of Mr . Hardcastle ' s farm servants , even though Horace Walpole condemned the piece as "the lowest of all farces , " vulgar , not only in " the subject , " but in "the execution , " tending "to no moral , no edification of any kind . " Mr . Hardcastle is a well-drawn portrait of the squire of those days , hospitable , straightforward , good humoured ;
his wife , what might be expected of one who has seen so little of life outside her own petty sphere , and whose mind , narrow and selfish , owes nothing to any cultivation ; while the vivacity , quick intellect , and adroitness of Miss Hardcastle pleasantly show off the confusion into which Marlow ( a somewhat shadowy character ) is thrown by his mistake , and combine with Tony Lumpkin to make the piece irresistibly amusing , and to ensure for it now
little less success than when , on its first representation , the audience from beginning to end of the performance were in a roar of laughter . In like manner is the present representation received by audiences to many of whom the well-known points are welcomed as old friends . How thoroughly is the comedy represented . Mr . Cyril Maude , as Hardcastle , not only in the dialogue , but also in the clever by-play , gives us a true representation of the tire of
hearty sq the good , old times . Young Marlow , Mr . Paul Arthur , and Hastings , Mr . Graham Browne , well carry out the duties of their respective parts , the strange awkwardness of Marlow , who seems to be utterly abashed by his introduction to Miss Hardcastle , being well contrasted with the entire self-possession of his friend Hastings . Mr . S . Valentine well depicts the boorish eccentricities of Tony Lumpkin . The drilling of the rustic servants by their master is most amusing , especially that of Diggory by Mr . Dagnall . 1
'he heroine of the piece , in the / arious phases of the character she represents , has an admirable exponent in Miss Winifred Emery , who does not fail to do justice to the important part she undertakes . Miss M . A . Victor , as Mrs . Hardcastle , affords a living picture of the silly wife and the injudicious mother . Miss Neville is intelligently rendered by Miss Beatrice Ferrar . The minor accessories of the comedy are well attended to , and there is a completeness in the performance , which cannot fail to favourably impress those who pay a visit to the Haymarket Theatre .
GENERAL NOTES . It is not generally known that a regular * ' goose market" is held at Warsaw during the month of October , through which some 3 . , 000 geese pass , some for consumption at Warsaw , but most for export to Germany . One third of the geese come from the Government of Vilna , and many more have come long distances , which would ruin their feet , to nrevenr
which they are " shod , " as it is called , before setting out on their journey to Warsaw , that is , they are driven first through tar poured on the ground , and then through sand . After the operation has been repeated several times their feet become covered with a hard crust , which protects them during their long march on hard ground . Formerly almost all the geese
were brought to Warsaw alive , but , latterly , thanks to quicker means of transport , comparatively few , as it is found cheaper to have them on the market ready killed . Enormous numbers of geese are also sent direct from various points in the country by road or rail to Germany ; for instance , from one small station 300 railway waggon loads are sent yearly .
The breeding of birds in the winter is not infrequent , but , as a rule , their nests are built in the mild weather , when the owners have been deluded into the supposition that the winter is over and spring has come . At a meeting of the Zoological Society at Hanover-square lately , the Secretary made the interesting announcement that during January a pair of
blackheaded buntings had bred in one of the aviaries in the Zoo , and had hatched a young one ( which is now fl ying about the cage ) towards the middle of the month . The birds appear not to have built a nest , but to have utilised an old one of a thrush , situated in the ivy covering the side of the cage . Of course , in a captive state , the artificial heat of an aviary would be an
inducement for birds to nest , and amongst caged birds the laying of eggs in the cold weather is quite common , but unless the heat is constant and even it is not often that incubation is successful . The aviary in the Zoo where the bunting laid her eggs is not altogether protected from the cold , and it is remarkable that she was able to rear her young after it was hatched .
A benefit concert is being arranged for Miss Susanna Cole , who was once a well known concert singer . Her professional career began some 50 years ago , and she sang at the popular concerts , the Crystal Palace , and in the choirs of many churches .
lhe 1 arepa Rose Scholarship for female vocalists , the Sainton Scholarship for violinists , and the Sterndale Bennett Scholarship for male candidates , 111 any branch of music , are announced at the Royal Academy of Music , for competition , in May .
Miss Maclnlyre will probably make her first appearance this season at the Good Friday Concert , at the Crystal Palace , for which she has been engaged . & - * ? # The opera season at Monte Carlo has opened with an exceedingly fine performance of Mr . Isidore de Lara ' s " Messalina , " which was produced at Covent Garden last summer .
Mr . David Bispham has arranged to give a War Fund Corrert Irt London , in May , when he hopes to obtain the assistance of some of the great opera singers .
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Science, Art, And The Drama.
Science , Art , and the Drama .
THE RESOURCES OF ASIATIC RUSSIA . Siberia and the Amoor lands are rich beyond belief . Their 5 , 214 , 000 square miles are inhabited by only 4 , 000 , 000 souls . In recent years , however , the number of immigrants ( 400 , 000 in 1 S 9 S ) has been equalled only by the tide which poured into the United States in the past . The United States Consul at Chemnitz , says that this vast territory , long looked upon as a barren waste , is destined to be one of the world ' s richest and most
productive sections . In northern France wheat ripens in 137 days ; in Siberia in 107 . Even severe night frosts do not injure the young seed . Oats require in Siberia and in the Amoor country , only 9 6 days , and in the region of the Yenisei , only 107 to ripen . The frost period lasts only 97 days in Irkutsk country . Transbaikalia lies entirely within the agricultural regions , so , too , almost the entire territory traversed by the Amoor , as far
north as it runs . Efforts are being made to obtain along the Amoor , at least 116 , 000 square miles for the higher form of northern agriculture . Climatically , the best of Northern Asia ' s territory for planting purposes is the Usuri country , which , in spite of its vast tracks of wood and grazing land , has 75 , 000 square miles of arable land . The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway has already added to the empire's wheat product .
The mineral resources of Western Siberia are vast . Between Tomsk and Kopznesk lie 23 , 000 square miles of coal lands , which-4 iave never been touched . The coal is said to be excellent . In Eastern Siberia , with its 108 , 000 square miles of fruitful soil , there are 400 places yielding gold . Rich mineral deposits , graphite , lapis-lazuli , iron mines particularly rich in quality , hard and toft coal , await hands willing to work them . Russia's
output in gold and silver is already very large and is constantly increasing . Three-fourths of all the silver found in Russia is obtained in the Altai Mountains . Exclusive of the Ural gold fields , there are 851 places in the empire where gold is found . Notwithstanding the number of places in which iron is found , there are only four large establishments for its production . The ores are rich—5 S to Go per
cent , of raw iron . The industries of Siberia are in their infancy , still they are growing , and are bound to grow , so rich are the rewards promised . Chemical , sugar , and paper mills have been put up in several places , and are paying well . Even Manchuria is looking to Russia for its future development . The wealth of this province , like that of Siberia and all eastern Russia , is ripe for harvesting . The traffic in Siberia and eastern Russia is ,
according to Consul Monaghan , increasing faster than even the advocates of the Great Trans-Siberian road anticipated . The Obi , one of the world ' s great rivers , emptying through the gulf of Obi into the Arctic Oesan , has 102 steamers and 200 tugs running already . On the Yenisei 10 steamers carry the mails regularly . The mouths of both these rivers were visited last summer by English and Russian ships . This proves the practicability of
connecting eastern and western Siberia with Europe by water . I he mouth of the Obi is to be deepened , and wharves are to be built . On the coast of the Usuri country there is regular postal communication with Nicolajevsk , Vladivostock , and intervening places , as well as connection with Japanese ports and Port Arthur . From Odessa and St . Petersburg to various
THE INVENTION OF PAINTING IN OIL . J ohn Van Eyck , the supposed inventor of painting in oil , which he was said to have discovered in a search for varnish , died in 1441 . Mr . Raspe , in his curious treatise , published in 1781 , has proved that oil painting was known long before its pretended discovery by Van Eyck . The oil / minting " invented" by Jqhn , or rather Hubert , Van Eyck , was really varnish painting , and was incidentally discovered in experimenting for a good
varnish for tempera pictures . In the life of Antonello da Messina , Vasari says , " At last , having tried many things , separately and compounded , he discovered that linseed and nut oils were the most siccative ; these , therefore , he boiled with other mixtures and produced that varnish which he , and indeed every painter in the world had long desired . " Van Eyck , however , continues Vasari , found that by mixing his colours with these prepared
oils ( that is the varnish ) instead of the common tempera vehicle , his pictures required no varnishing at all , or that they then were quite as brilliant -. villiout varnish as they had previously been vuith . There then is evidently no question of the mere immixture of colours with oil ; this was an old practice and is mentioned by many old writers , but as Vasari siys in the life of Agnolo Gaddi , even this simple method was not used in Italy for figure
painting . The general term oil painting was therefore sufficiently characteristic to justify Vasari in using it in contradistinction to the common prevailing method of tempera painting , especially after tht very particular explanation of Van Eyck ' s method given in the notice ol Antonello da Messina . We have mention of the use of oil in varnishing as early as the
fifth century . An old Greek medical writer of that period notices the employment of walnut oil by gilders and encaustic painters on account of its drying property and its long preservation of gildings and pictures . There is mention , also , of linseed oil varnish in the eighth century , and this was in common use in the 12 th , and in the two following centuries linseed oil appears to have been abundantly employed at Westminster and Ely , even in painting .
HAYMARKET THEATRE . After a long successful run of " The Black Tulip , " the managemun have wisely resolved to revive the evergreen comedy of " She Stoops to Conquer . " This is one of the two comedies written by Dr . Oliver Goldsmith , the other being " The Good-Natured Man . " In both plays Goldsmith aimed at producing a natural transcript of life as opposed to the affectations of the sentimental school ol Steele and his followersin
, which , apart from the narrow restriction of the scene to polite life , comedy was set the task of reforming the morals instead of imitating the manners of the age . " She Stoops to Conquer" was produced at Covent Garden Theatre in March , 1773 , and ran for 12 nights . This was considered fairl y good . Our modern custom of running pieces for 200 or 300 nights was a thing utterly unknown . Goldsmith is said to have received nearly - £ 500 as
Asiatic ports runs the so-called volunteer fleet , established in 1 S 7 S . It has 14 steamers , with 115 , 500 tons displacement . Siberia and the Amoor country possess advantages very similar to those of North America , Australia , and parts of Africa . The great gain to Russia at present in developing Siberia is the guarantee that her harvest will come nearer to supplying her wheat requirements .
Science, Art, And The Drama.
proceeds of the three " author's nights . " The leading incident of the piece —the mistaking a gentleman's house for an inn—is said to have been borrowed from a blunder of the author himself , while travelling to Edgeworthstown , in Ireland ; and the original title was " The Old House a New Inn . " This famous old comedy in its plot and characters seems to have been drawn from li fe . Goldsmith revolted against the sentimental dramathough well
, aware of the risk he ran . " The undertaking a comedy , " he says in his dedication to Dr . J ohnson , " not merely sentimental , was very dangerous . However , I ventured to trust it to the public . " His object was to raise a genuine hearty laugh , and in this he has certainly succeeded . In Tony Lumpkin he has not shrunk from giving us a faithful picture of an illiterate young scapegrace , with low tastes and impudent manners , who is , yet , a
favourite with us , or to reproduce in all their comic rusticity the boorish ways of Mr . Hardcastle ' s farm servants , even though Horace Walpole condemned the piece as "the lowest of all farces , " vulgar , not only in " the subject , " but in "the execution , " tending "to no moral , no edification of any kind . " Mr . Hardcastle is a well-drawn portrait of the squire of those days , hospitable , straightforward , good humoured ;
his wife , what might be expected of one who has seen so little of life outside her own petty sphere , and whose mind , narrow and selfish , owes nothing to any cultivation ; while the vivacity , quick intellect , and adroitness of Miss Hardcastle pleasantly show off the confusion into which Marlow ( a somewhat shadowy character ) is thrown by his mistake , and combine with Tony Lumpkin to make the piece irresistibly amusing , and to ensure for it now
little less success than when , on its first representation , the audience from beginning to end of the performance were in a roar of laughter . In like manner is the present representation received by audiences to many of whom the well-known points are welcomed as old friends . How thoroughly is the comedy represented . Mr . Cyril Maude , as Hardcastle , not only in the dialogue , but also in the clever by-play , gives us a true representation of the tire of
hearty sq the good , old times . Young Marlow , Mr . Paul Arthur , and Hastings , Mr . Graham Browne , well carry out the duties of their respective parts , the strange awkwardness of Marlow , who seems to be utterly abashed by his introduction to Miss Hardcastle , being well contrasted with the entire self-possession of his friend Hastings . Mr . S . Valentine well depicts the boorish eccentricities of Tony Lumpkin . The drilling of the rustic servants by their master is most amusing , especially that of Diggory by Mr . Dagnall . 1
'he heroine of the piece , in the / arious phases of the character she represents , has an admirable exponent in Miss Winifred Emery , who does not fail to do justice to the important part she undertakes . Miss M . A . Victor , as Mrs . Hardcastle , affords a living picture of the silly wife and the injudicious mother . Miss Neville is intelligently rendered by Miss Beatrice Ferrar . The minor accessories of the comedy are well attended to , and there is a completeness in the performance , which cannot fail to favourably impress those who pay a visit to the Haymarket Theatre .
GENERAL NOTES . It is not generally known that a regular * ' goose market" is held at Warsaw during the month of October , through which some 3 . , 000 geese pass , some for consumption at Warsaw , but most for export to Germany . One third of the geese come from the Government of Vilna , and many more have come long distances , which would ruin their feet , to nrevenr
which they are " shod , " as it is called , before setting out on their journey to Warsaw , that is , they are driven first through tar poured on the ground , and then through sand . After the operation has been repeated several times their feet become covered with a hard crust , which protects them during their long march on hard ground . Formerly almost all the geese
were brought to Warsaw alive , but , latterly , thanks to quicker means of transport , comparatively few , as it is found cheaper to have them on the market ready killed . Enormous numbers of geese are also sent direct from various points in the country by road or rail to Germany ; for instance , from one small station 300 railway waggon loads are sent yearly .
The breeding of birds in the winter is not infrequent , but , as a rule , their nests are built in the mild weather , when the owners have been deluded into the supposition that the winter is over and spring has come . At a meeting of the Zoological Society at Hanover-square lately , the Secretary made the interesting announcement that during January a pair of
blackheaded buntings had bred in one of the aviaries in the Zoo , and had hatched a young one ( which is now fl ying about the cage ) towards the middle of the month . The birds appear not to have built a nest , but to have utilised an old one of a thrush , situated in the ivy covering the side of the cage . Of course , in a captive state , the artificial heat of an aviary would be an
inducement for birds to nest , and amongst caged birds the laying of eggs in the cold weather is quite common , but unless the heat is constant and even it is not often that incubation is successful . The aviary in the Zoo where the bunting laid her eggs is not altogether protected from the cold , and it is remarkable that she was able to rear her young after it was hatched .
A benefit concert is being arranged for Miss Susanna Cole , who was once a well known concert singer . Her professional career began some 50 years ago , and she sang at the popular concerts , the Crystal Palace , and in the choirs of many churches .
lhe 1 arepa Rose Scholarship for female vocalists , the Sainton Scholarship for violinists , and the Sterndale Bennett Scholarship for male candidates , 111 any branch of music , are announced at the Royal Academy of Music , for competition , in May .
Miss Maclnlyre will probably make her first appearance this season at the Good Friday Concert , at the Crystal Palace , for which she has been engaged . & - * ? # The opera season at Monte Carlo has opened with an exceedingly fine performance of Mr . Isidore de Lara ' s " Messalina , " which was produced at Covent Garden last summer .
Mr . David Bispham has arranged to give a War Fund Corrert Irt London , in May , when he hopes to obtain the assistance of some of the great opera singers .