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  • Aug. 31, 1889
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.

Ad00706

TO THE GOVERNORS AND SUBSCRIBERS OF THE ROYAL MASONIC INSTITUTION FOR BOYS . D S IR , The post of Surgeon to the Royal Masonic Institut ' on for Boys at Wood Green being now vacant , I desire to ffer myself as Candidate for the same . I have been residing ithin one minute ' s walk from the Institution for the last four years , and am intimately acquainted with the working t It . I have the honour to submit Testimonials of my nvofessional life , and to state that if I am honoured by being |) 0 ; nted to the post I shall always make it my best endeavour to work in harmony with my brother Officials . I have the honour to remain , Yours very obediently , R . F . TOMLIN , M . R . C . S . Eng ., & c . Wood Green , N ., July , 1 SS 9 . Ewell , 1 S 51 . TESTIMONIALS . Devonport , 26 th Ma )' , 1 S 73 . This is to certify that Mr . Robert Francis Tomlin became my Articled Pupil in September , 1 S 69 , and remained with me till October , 1870 . During this time he was attentive to his duties and his studies , very punctual in his attendance , and always anxious to please . He has been with me occasionally during the last three years , and I find he is prosecuting his studies with exemplary diligence , and gives proof of great ability and unremitting application to his work . JOSEPH MAY , Surgeon . 2 i , Grosvenor , Bath , 23 rd July , 1 SS 9 . I am pleased to state that Mr . R . F . Tomlin acted as Assistant to my late father-in-law , Dr . Leahy , of Bridgend , during the year 1 S 73 and 1 S 74 , and gave him every satisfaction . He considered him most skilful and attentive to his patients . The practice was chiefly amongst colliers , railway men , and iron-workers , so that his opportunities for surgical work were very great . W . S . STABLES , L . S . A . ( Lond . ) . Becket House , Wantage , 23 rd July , 1 SS 9 . Having known Mr . R . F . Tomlin most intimately for the last fourteen years , I can bear every testimony to his character and abilities , both professionally and socially . After having been with me for four years as Assistant , he joined me in Partnership , and it was with deep regret that , owing to circumstances relating solely to myself , our connection had to be broken , and I need hardly say that he took away with him the hearty good wishes of a large number of patients , by whom he had been much valued for his kind and skilful services . He is thoroughly qualified for the post of Surgeon to the Masonic Schools , for which I understand he is a Candidate , alike by his kindness and industry , as b y his professional knowledge and experience , and I 'eel quite sure in him the Governors will find a most painstaking and efficient Officer . J . A . BALL , M . B . ( Lond . ) , Physician to St . Mary ' s Home , Wantage , Consulting Surgeon to the Stockport Infirmary .

Ad00707

TO THE LIFE-GOVERNORS AND 1 SUBSCRIBERS OF THE ROYAL MASONIC INSTITUTION FOR BOYS . LADIES AND GENTLEMEN , The appointment of Medical Officer to the Royal Masonic Institution for Boys being vacant , 1 have the honour to announce that I am a Candidate for the office . My testimonials , which will be forwarded to the Committee , will show ™ at 1 am dul y qualified and registered , and that I have had orisiderable experience in the profession . To this may be ued that I am resident within three minutes' walk from Schools , where I have been practising for over two years . ' ° uld I have the honour to be elected , you may rely on my om S everything in my power to promote the health of the ° )' s under my charge . I am , Ladies and Gentlemen , Yours faithfully , ' ' Gladstone-avenue , J . E . H . STEPHENS , N "cl Park , Wood Green , L . R . C . P . and S . E ., - jVust 7 th , 1 SS 9 . Lodge 967 . ESTABLISHED 1830 . Y ENABLES ' PIANOS . I 8 7 & 18 9 , ESSEX ROAD , ISLINGTON . PRICE LISTS FREE .

Ad00700

" HP OBACCO BLOOM , - *¦ IN PACKETS AND CIGARETTES . FINEST QUALITY AND FLAVOUR Of Tobacconists in Town and Country .

SPECIAL AGENTFRANKLIN ( late Medex ) , 155 , OXFORD STREET , W Wholesale—RUTTER & Co ., LONDON .

" .

Ad00701

HEPBURN AND COCKS ESTABLISHED 1790 .

93 CHANCERY LANE , LONDON , W . C

(•Two Doors North of Union Bank ) . DEED , BALLOT , CASH , AND DESPATCH BOX , AND FIRE-PROOF SAFE MANUFACTURERS . Air-Tight and Travelling Boxes in stock , and made to order . Offices and Strong Rooms Fitted up with Iron Frames and Shelves . Sets of Stands and Boxes made to fit Recesses to Order . Estimates given . Price Lists . %% N . B . —STRONG DEED BOXES of the following dimensions forwarded carriage paid pro nett cash—viz . ; 16 in . by 12-in . by 9 i-in ., 17 s . 6 d . ; 14-in . by 10-in . by 8-in ., 14 s . 6 d . ; and 13-in by 9-in by 7-in ., us . 6 d .

, , .

Ad00702

MASONS' CERTIFICATES , Sec FRAMED TO ANY DESIGN .

H . MORELL , 17 & iS , GREAT ST . ANDREW ST ., BLOOMSBURY LONDON , W . C .

Manufacturer and Importer of all kinds of Picture Frame and Decorative Mouldings ( Two Million feet always in stock ) . Every requisite for the Trade and Exportation . Illustrated Book of Patterns post free for three penny stamps .

,

To Correspondents.

To Correspondents .

The proprietor of the Freemason being desirous of rendering the paper still more attractive and useful to the Craft , has arranged for the appearance of a series of articleson notable lodge meetings , illustrated occasionally with views or portraits . The first of the series will appear

next week , and will be descriptive of the meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Essex at Easton Lodge , the seat of the Prov . Grand Master , Bro . Lord Brooke , on the 6 th inst ., with particulars relating to the Mansion and its distinguished owner , and an illustration from a sketch kindly furnished by Bro . Lennox Browne , Prov . S . G . W . BOOKS , & c ., RECEIVED . " Revista Masonica , " "Madras Masonic Review , " "South African Freemason , " " Annual Proceedings of the Grand Chapter of Canada , 1889 , " " Keystone , " " Masonic Chronicle" ( Columbus , Ohio ) . " The Craftsman , " " The Tyler , " and " Masonic World . "

Ar00708

SATURDAY , AUGUST 31 , 188 9 .

Masonic Notes.

Masonic Notes .

A new lodge was consecrated at Liverpool on Tuesday , named the Princes Lodge , No . 2316 . Bro . Robt . Wylie , P . Prov . G . W ., P . G . D ., was the Consecrating Officer , in the regretted absence of the Earl of

Lathom . The ceremonies were admirably performed , and the proceedings altogether passed off with great spirit and satisfaction to those present . A report will appear in due course .

Bro . George Reynolds , Secretary of the Anglo-American Lodge , has received a communication from Bro . Chas . E . Meyer , of Philadelphia , in which he expresses his thanks to the brethren of the Anglo-American Lodge for the fraternal welcome accorded to

him and his fellow travellers on their recent visit to this country . His thanks were especially due to the W . M ., Bro . Kedge , Bros . Brackstone Baker , Major George Lambert , J . Skinner , George Reynolds , and Cummings . It was a most pleasant visit , he says

1 he lodge and its working , the banquet and its fittings , the good company of the chosen ones , the hearty greetings and kind words of welcome spoken . " Bro . Meyer has written a sketch of the " pilgrimage " in the Keystone , which we hope to reproduce in our columns shortly .

The small and remote State of Dakota has a sixyear-old Grand Commandery , which in June last held its annual conclave under the presidency of Sir Kni ght E . Coleherd . A sum of § 250 was voted towards the relief of the sufferers by the recent floods in Pennsyl-

Masonic Notes.

vania , and $ 100 towards the fund being raised to commemorate the lately deceased Sir Knight S . G . Roy , Past G . C . The G . C . for the ensuing year is Sir Kni g ht W . D . Stiles , who was elected and installed on this occasion , the G . Recorder being Sir Knight B . U . Rowley .

* * * 111 . Bro . Lieut .-Col . W . IT . Hutton , 33 , P . G . D . and D . D . G . M . in charge Montreal , Past Grand Commander of the Supreme Council , 33 ° , A . and A . S . Rite for the Dominion of Canada , was , at the last annual session

of the Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States of America , held at the city of Washington , District of Columbia , elected by unanimity of votes for distinguished services rendered unselfishly to Masonry to be " Ad perpetuitatem vit ; e" an

" Emeritus Member of Honour " of the said Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States of America , and his name placed upon its roll of membership as such . —Honos Eximias Virtutis Preamium .

* * * A British Columbian paper states that on the 22 nd ult . the M . W . Grand Master of Columbia , Bro . J . S . Clute , with several members of the Grand Lodge , waited on the Grand Chaplain , the Bishop of New

Westminster , at his residence , and presented him with a handsome piece of plate in the shape of an ice tankard , tray , and drinking cup . Upon the lid of the tankard was engraved the following : " Presented to Rt . Rev . Bro . A . W . Sillitoe , Grand Chaplain , by the

M . W . Grand Lodge A . F . & A . M ., B . C . R . For eminent services rendered the Craft . " The Grand Chaplain accepted the gift , and made a very eloquent and suitable acknowledgment , after which the visitors

were entertained by the Bishop and Mrs . Sillitoe . It ivill be remembered that the Bishop of New Westminster was recently on a visit to this country , where he made many friends amongst the members of the Craft .

The Voice of Masonry for the current month contains an elaborate essay by Comp . Matthias H . Henderson on what he considers the improper application of the term " subordinate" to Rayid Arcfi Chapters in a jurisdiction which is presided over by a Grand Chapter .

His argument runs thus . The term " subordinate" implies inferiority on the part of that person or body to which it is applied . Chapters , being the constituent parts of Grand Chapter , cannot therefore be its

subordinates . They are amenable to its Constitution and edicts , " but as they are its constituent parts , it is they who frame that Constitution and those edicts , and so far from being its inferiors are , in fact , the Grand Chapter itself in all its full-fledged dignity and power .

We have no objection to the abolition of the term " subordinate , " as applied to chapters , lodges , councils , or any other Masonic bodies which are not designated as Grand . Here we speak of " private" lodges , chapters , and the like , and if they were called by any

other name , we should hold them in exactly the same respect . But is not Comp . Henderson straining at a gnat and swallowing a camel , when he objects to the use of the word " subordinate , " and in the same breath ,

or rather in the same article , admits that a Grand Chapter , though it derives its authority from the chapters , and indeed is created by them , yet exercises an undivided authority over every Royal Arch Chapter situated within its territory V

In the concluding paragraph of his essay Comp . Henderson tells us that a Grand Chapter selects its own officers , makes laws for its own government and that of its constituents , settles all differences which may arise between them , hears appeals , and establishes new

chapters , by issuing warrants when it is applied to , and thinks it advisable , which warrants , however , " when once issued it cannot revoke except for cause . " But its " most important prerogative " is " its sovereignty . If it is not sovereign it is nothing . In all matters

pertaining to Royal Arch Masonry within its territory it must , of necessity , be , and it is , supreme . It cannot admit of any divided authority . Every chapter within its bounds must yield to it implicit and unwavering obedience . " We quite agree with you , Comp .

Henderson , in this part of your essay , as well as in that earlier part in which you speak of the chapters as being the constituent parts of Grand Chapter ; and yet if the Grand Chapter is the sovereign of , that is , supreme

over the chapters , how can the latter be otherwise than subordinate to the former ? The whole , as Euclid says , is greater than each of its parts , and therefore a Grand Chapter must be greater than each of its constituent chapters .

“The Freemason: 1889-08-31, Page 7” Masonic Periodicals Online, Library and Museum of Freemasonry, 30 May 2025, django:8000/periodicals/fvl/issues/fvl_31081889/page/7/.
  • List
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Title Category Page
UNITED GRAND LODGE. Article 1
THE ESTIMATED COST OF A GRAND LODGE FOR NEW ZEALAND. Article 1
MASONIC STATISTICS, NEW ZEALAND. Article 1
FREEMASONRY IS A SCIENCE. Article 2
DISTRICT GRAND LODGE ETHICS. Article 3
UNITED GRAND LODGE OF ENGLAND. Article 3
PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGE OF CORNWALL. Article 3
CENTENARY OF THE FRIENDSHIP LODGE, No. 277, OLDHAM. Article 5
MASONIC VETERAN ASSOCIATION. Article 5
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To Correspondents. Article 7
Untitled Article 7
Masonic Notes. Article 7
Correspondence. Article 8
REVIEWS Article 8
Masonic Notes and Queries. Article 8
REPORTS OF MASONIC MEETINGS. Article 9
Royal Arch. Article 9
Lodges and Chapters of Instruction. Article 9
Scotland. Article 9
MASONIC EXCURSION. Article 10
BAKEWELL NEW TOWN HALL. Article 10
BOARD OF BENEVOLENCE. Article 10
Obituary. Article 10
OLD CUSTOMS. Article 10
MUSIC IN THE LODGES. Article 10
GRAND LODGE REPRESENTATIVES. Article 10
CHINESE MASONS. Article 11
CANADA'S MASONIC CENTENNIAL. Article 11
THE THEATRES. Article 11
MASONIC AND GENERAL TIDINGS Article 12
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.

Ad00706

TO THE GOVERNORS AND SUBSCRIBERS OF THE ROYAL MASONIC INSTITUTION FOR BOYS . D S IR , The post of Surgeon to the Royal Masonic Institut ' on for Boys at Wood Green being now vacant , I desire to ffer myself as Candidate for the same . I have been residing ithin one minute ' s walk from the Institution for the last four years , and am intimately acquainted with the working t It . I have the honour to submit Testimonials of my nvofessional life , and to state that if I am honoured by being |) 0 ; nted to the post I shall always make it my best endeavour to work in harmony with my brother Officials . I have the honour to remain , Yours very obediently , R . F . TOMLIN , M . R . C . S . Eng ., & c . Wood Green , N ., July , 1 SS 9 . Ewell , 1 S 51 . TESTIMONIALS . Devonport , 26 th Ma )' , 1 S 73 . This is to certify that Mr . Robert Francis Tomlin became my Articled Pupil in September , 1 S 69 , and remained with me till October , 1870 . During this time he was attentive to his duties and his studies , very punctual in his attendance , and always anxious to please . He has been with me occasionally during the last three years , and I find he is prosecuting his studies with exemplary diligence , and gives proof of great ability and unremitting application to his work . JOSEPH MAY , Surgeon . 2 i , Grosvenor , Bath , 23 rd July , 1 SS 9 . I am pleased to state that Mr . R . F . Tomlin acted as Assistant to my late father-in-law , Dr . Leahy , of Bridgend , during the year 1 S 73 and 1 S 74 , and gave him every satisfaction . He considered him most skilful and attentive to his patients . The practice was chiefly amongst colliers , railway men , and iron-workers , so that his opportunities for surgical work were very great . W . S . STABLES , L . S . A . ( Lond . ) . Becket House , Wantage , 23 rd July , 1 SS 9 . Having known Mr . R . F . Tomlin most intimately for the last fourteen years , I can bear every testimony to his character and abilities , both professionally and socially . After having been with me for four years as Assistant , he joined me in Partnership , and it was with deep regret that , owing to circumstances relating solely to myself , our connection had to be broken , and I need hardly say that he took away with him the hearty good wishes of a large number of patients , by whom he had been much valued for his kind and skilful services . He is thoroughly qualified for the post of Surgeon to the Masonic Schools , for which I understand he is a Candidate , alike by his kindness and industry , as b y his professional knowledge and experience , and I 'eel quite sure in him the Governors will find a most painstaking and efficient Officer . J . A . BALL , M . B . ( Lond . ) , Physician to St . Mary ' s Home , Wantage , Consulting Surgeon to the Stockport Infirmary .

Ad00707

TO THE LIFE-GOVERNORS AND 1 SUBSCRIBERS OF THE ROYAL MASONIC INSTITUTION FOR BOYS . LADIES AND GENTLEMEN , The appointment of Medical Officer to the Royal Masonic Institution for Boys being vacant , 1 have the honour to announce that I am a Candidate for the office . My testimonials , which will be forwarded to the Committee , will show ™ at 1 am dul y qualified and registered , and that I have had orisiderable experience in the profession . To this may be ued that I am resident within three minutes' walk from Schools , where I have been practising for over two years . ' ° uld I have the honour to be elected , you may rely on my om S everything in my power to promote the health of the ° )' s under my charge . I am , Ladies and Gentlemen , Yours faithfully , ' ' Gladstone-avenue , J . E . H . STEPHENS , N "cl Park , Wood Green , L . R . C . P . and S . E ., - jVust 7 th , 1 SS 9 . Lodge 967 . ESTABLISHED 1830 . Y ENABLES ' PIANOS . I 8 7 & 18 9 , ESSEX ROAD , ISLINGTON . PRICE LISTS FREE .

Ad00700

" HP OBACCO BLOOM , - *¦ IN PACKETS AND CIGARETTES . FINEST QUALITY AND FLAVOUR Of Tobacconists in Town and Country .

SPECIAL AGENTFRANKLIN ( late Medex ) , 155 , OXFORD STREET , W Wholesale—RUTTER & Co ., LONDON .

" .

Ad00701

HEPBURN AND COCKS ESTABLISHED 1790 .

93 CHANCERY LANE , LONDON , W . C

(•Two Doors North of Union Bank ) . DEED , BALLOT , CASH , AND DESPATCH BOX , AND FIRE-PROOF SAFE MANUFACTURERS . Air-Tight and Travelling Boxes in stock , and made to order . Offices and Strong Rooms Fitted up with Iron Frames and Shelves . Sets of Stands and Boxes made to fit Recesses to Order . Estimates given . Price Lists . %% N . B . —STRONG DEED BOXES of the following dimensions forwarded carriage paid pro nett cash—viz . ; 16 in . by 12-in . by 9 i-in ., 17 s . 6 d . ; 14-in . by 10-in . by 8-in ., 14 s . 6 d . ; and 13-in by 9-in by 7-in ., us . 6 d .

, , .

Ad00702

MASONS' CERTIFICATES , Sec FRAMED TO ANY DESIGN .

H . MORELL , 17 & iS , GREAT ST . ANDREW ST ., BLOOMSBURY LONDON , W . C .

Manufacturer and Importer of all kinds of Picture Frame and Decorative Mouldings ( Two Million feet always in stock ) . Every requisite for the Trade and Exportation . Illustrated Book of Patterns post free for three penny stamps .

,

To Correspondents.

To Correspondents .

The proprietor of the Freemason being desirous of rendering the paper still more attractive and useful to the Craft , has arranged for the appearance of a series of articleson notable lodge meetings , illustrated occasionally with views or portraits . The first of the series will appear

next week , and will be descriptive of the meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Essex at Easton Lodge , the seat of the Prov . Grand Master , Bro . Lord Brooke , on the 6 th inst ., with particulars relating to the Mansion and its distinguished owner , and an illustration from a sketch kindly furnished by Bro . Lennox Browne , Prov . S . G . W . BOOKS , & c ., RECEIVED . " Revista Masonica , " "Madras Masonic Review , " "South African Freemason , " " Annual Proceedings of the Grand Chapter of Canada , 1889 , " " Keystone , " " Masonic Chronicle" ( Columbus , Ohio ) . " The Craftsman , " " The Tyler , " and " Masonic World . "

Ar00708

SATURDAY , AUGUST 31 , 188 9 .

Masonic Notes.

Masonic Notes .

A new lodge was consecrated at Liverpool on Tuesday , named the Princes Lodge , No . 2316 . Bro . Robt . Wylie , P . Prov . G . W ., P . G . D ., was the Consecrating Officer , in the regretted absence of the Earl of

Lathom . The ceremonies were admirably performed , and the proceedings altogether passed off with great spirit and satisfaction to those present . A report will appear in due course .

Bro . George Reynolds , Secretary of the Anglo-American Lodge , has received a communication from Bro . Chas . E . Meyer , of Philadelphia , in which he expresses his thanks to the brethren of the Anglo-American Lodge for the fraternal welcome accorded to

him and his fellow travellers on their recent visit to this country . His thanks were especially due to the W . M ., Bro . Kedge , Bros . Brackstone Baker , Major George Lambert , J . Skinner , George Reynolds , and Cummings . It was a most pleasant visit , he says

1 he lodge and its working , the banquet and its fittings , the good company of the chosen ones , the hearty greetings and kind words of welcome spoken . " Bro . Meyer has written a sketch of the " pilgrimage " in the Keystone , which we hope to reproduce in our columns shortly .

The small and remote State of Dakota has a sixyear-old Grand Commandery , which in June last held its annual conclave under the presidency of Sir Kni ght E . Coleherd . A sum of § 250 was voted towards the relief of the sufferers by the recent floods in Pennsyl-

Masonic Notes.

vania , and $ 100 towards the fund being raised to commemorate the lately deceased Sir Knight S . G . Roy , Past G . C . The G . C . for the ensuing year is Sir Kni g ht W . D . Stiles , who was elected and installed on this occasion , the G . Recorder being Sir Knight B . U . Rowley .

* * * 111 . Bro . Lieut .-Col . W . IT . Hutton , 33 , P . G . D . and D . D . G . M . in charge Montreal , Past Grand Commander of the Supreme Council , 33 ° , A . and A . S . Rite for the Dominion of Canada , was , at the last annual session

of the Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States of America , held at the city of Washington , District of Columbia , elected by unanimity of votes for distinguished services rendered unselfishly to Masonry to be " Ad perpetuitatem vit ; e" an

" Emeritus Member of Honour " of the said Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States of America , and his name placed upon its roll of membership as such . —Honos Eximias Virtutis Preamium .

* * * A British Columbian paper states that on the 22 nd ult . the M . W . Grand Master of Columbia , Bro . J . S . Clute , with several members of the Grand Lodge , waited on the Grand Chaplain , the Bishop of New

Westminster , at his residence , and presented him with a handsome piece of plate in the shape of an ice tankard , tray , and drinking cup . Upon the lid of the tankard was engraved the following : " Presented to Rt . Rev . Bro . A . W . Sillitoe , Grand Chaplain , by the

M . W . Grand Lodge A . F . & A . M ., B . C . R . For eminent services rendered the Craft . " The Grand Chaplain accepted the gift , and made a very eloquent and suitable acknowledgment , after which the visitors

were entertained by the Bishop and Mrs . Sillitoe . It ivill be remembered that the Bishop of New Westminster was recently on a visit to this country , where he made many friends amongst the members of the Craft .

The Voice of Masonry for the current month contains an elaborate essay by Comp . Matthias H . Henderson on what he considers the improper application of the term " subordinate" to Rayid Arcfi Chapters in a jurisdiction which is presided over by a Grand Chapter .

His argument runs thus . The term " subordinate" implies inferiority on the part of that person or body to which it is applied . Chapters , being the constituent parts of Grand Chapter , cannot therefore be its

subordinates . They are amenable to its Constitution and edicts , " but as they are its constituent parts , it is they who frame that Constitution and those edicts , and so far from being its inferiors are , in fact , the Grand Chapter itself in all its full-fledged dignity and power .

We have no objection to the abolition of the term " subordinate , " as applied to chapters , lodges , councils , or any other Masonic bodies which are not designated as Grand . Here we speak of " private" lodges , chapters , and the like , and if they were called by any

other name , we should hold them in exactly the same respect . But is not Comp . Henderson straining at a gnat and swallowing a camel , when he objects to the use of the word " subordinate , " and in the same breath ,

or rather in the same article , admits that a Grand Chapter , though it derives its authority from the chapters , and indeed is created by them , yet exercises an undivided authority over every Royal Arch Chapter situated within its territory V

In the concluding paragraph of his essay Comp . Henderson tells us that a Grand Chapter selects its own officers , makes laws for its own government and that of its constituents , settles all differences which may arise between them , hears appeals , and establishes new

chapters , by issuing warrants when it is applied to , and thinks it advisable , which warrants , however , " when once issued it cannot revoke except for cause . " But its " most important prerogative " is " its sovereignty . If it is not sovereign it is nothing . In all matters

pertaining to Royal Arch Masonry within its territory it must , of necessity , be , and it is , supreme . It cannot admit of any divided authority . Every chapter within its bounds must yield to it implicit and unwavering obedience . " We quite agree with you , Comp .

Henderson , in this part of your essay , as well as in that earlier part in which you speak of the chapters as being the constituent parts of Grand Chapter ; and yet if the Grand Chapter is the sovereign of , that is , supreme

over the chapters , how can the latter be otherwise than subordinate to the former ? The whole , as Euclid says , is greater than each of its parts , and therefore a Grand Chapter must be greater than each of its constituent chapters .

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