Notes On Literature, Science And Art.

are not aware that there are , for instance , sixteen cotton mills , seven of which arc being made bigger , in Bombay and its immediate vicinage , and eleven new ones are in course of erection . These employ 2 , 206 women , and 2 , 533 children , 2 , 058

of whom , I regret to say , are under twelve years old . The hours of labour are sixteen a day , aud Sunday is only kept as a holiday once a fortnight . This is not the place for " party politics , " but surely humanity demands for those poor fellow-subjects of

ours a shortening of the hours of labour . Some infants are said to be employed who are not more than five y ears of age ! There are now 600 , 000 spindles in the Presidency of Bombay , aud 500 , 000 more are fast approaching completion . Of 1 , 200 , 000 bales of cotton produced , 78 , 000 are now manufactured in India . AVith the raiv material

cheap labour , moist , hot climate , coals , itc , even with a ten-hours' bill , and prohibition of infant labour Lancashire cannot long compete with India in its own market . I am glad to see that Cassell ' s Illustrated History of England , ivhich I regard as one

of the best histories ever written , is about to be re-issued , in cheap monthly parts ; the first of which is before me . A splendid portrait of our beloved Queen , 2 ft . 6 in . by 1 ft . 10 in ., is given with the first part , and when neatly framed will form a

handsome ornament to any house , be the occupant rich or poor . Here is an extract from the first part , explaining in a few lines who those " Danes" were who figure so conspicuously in the early history of Britain , and regarding whom there is still much ignorance , ivhich the wide circulation of histories like the present will do much to

remove : — " Bound by a limited territory , in a climate where population rapidly increases , it is not to be wondered at that Denmark and Norway were overstocked with inhabitants , and , consequently forced to send away large colonies . Their natural

inclination to a sea-life made these exiles readil y abandon their country ; and the great booty the first adventurers gained tempted the richest and most powerful of their countrymen to urge their fortune in the same manner ; to which end they entered

into associations , and fitted out large fleets to seek and ravage foreign countries . These associations were much of the same nature with those formed in modern times

by the corsairs of Barbary ; and they became so entirely devoted to this mode of life , that very considerable fleets were put to sea . They had the authority and example of their highest leaders , who occasionally commanded them in person ,

for what they did . These leaders were known by the name of Sea-kings . Their fleets made great devastation in several parts of Europe , particularly France , England , and the Low Countries . In France they were called Normans—that is ,

men of the north , but in England they were generally styled Danes . There is no doubt that the Swedes and Goths very often joined with the Danes in their piratical expeditions ; and it appears that the Frieslanders also were concerned with

them in ravaging the coasts of France aud England . The Saxon historians call them indifferently Getes , Goths , Jutes , Norwegians , Dacians , Danes , Swedes , Vandals , and Frieslanders . "

I have received , and carefully read the whole of the July-August number of the International Revieio , which is issued six times a year for five dollars ; and which , though printed in New York , is sold in London byTrubner & Co . of Ludgate Hill . The number before me contains able

articles on " Freeman ' s Norman Conquest , and other Historical AVorks , " by Henry Coppee , president of the Lehigh Univez-sity ; on " India in some of its Social and Political Aspects , " by A . Phillips , barrister , of Calcutta ; on "Deaf-Mutism , " by E . M .

Gallaudet , of the National Deaf-Mute College at Washington ; on " The Survey of Palestine , " by AValter Besant , secretary to the Palestine Exploration Fund , London ; on "French Literature under the First Empire , " by the Princess DTstria , of

Florence ; and on " John Stuart Mill as a Religious Philosopher , " by Noah Porter , LL . D ., president of Yale College ; with some shorter but interesting papers . As far as I can judge from a single specimen , I should pronounce this an excellent review . Dr . Coppee well remarks , " Every great event in history is at once an effect and a cause . It is manifest that if we

would study the Norman Conquest , we cannot begin with AVilliam and Harold , and the story of the Bayeux Tapestry > nor can we end with the establishment o f AVilliam ' s power , the final subjugation of the Fen-land , or the death of William