Freemasons And Ribbonmen.—What An Incongeuous Alliance!

legists inform us that at times the Pagan Greeks called the A-engefnl Febies Eumenides ( Benevolent ) and thafc the Pagan Romans called the merciless Fates Parcaa ( sparing ) from the superstitious notion thafc their disastrous influence might be averted by the application of such flattering epithets . It would puzzle us , hoAvever , to find any prototype for that mental obliquity which , in this

enlightened nineteenth century , confound a virtuous , generous , and enlightened fraternity with the worst scum of society— ruffians who revel in sodalities of bloodshed . The Pastoral , which charitably dooms Freemasons to eternal perdition as an awful consequence of the vicious character of the fraternity , makes a humane and forcible appeal in behalf of the and ministers some sound

poor , and sensible advice to those AAretched dupes , on Avhose ignorance and credulity unpruicipled agitators traffic . Is it then not melancholy to think that such an appeal and such adA'ieo should be disfigured and absolutely vitiated by the fumiination of rash judgments against the very men who Avould second such an appeal , and who are bound by the principles of their affiliation , to

discountenance evil doers and all enemies of rule and order . Considering the influential position which Dr . Cullen holds , Ave could Avish he were in sentiment more of an Irishman and less of an Italian . His Ions residence in

Eome , and his immediate conversancy with sacerdotal absolutism in the affairs of temporal rule , seem to us to have given to him a second nature , and to ha \ -e thereby disqualified him for appreciating the manifold advantages of constitutional government . AYhat an antithesis is not Dr . Cullen to his predecessor in Dublin , the estimable Dr . Murray ! What an

antithesis is he not to his predecessor in Armagh , Dr . Crolly . It has been often remarked that the cordial friendship which subsisted between "the two Primates , " Lord Beresford , who rules so meekly , and the late Dr . Crolly , who scrupulously abstained from polemical offensiveness , went far towards forming a neighbour-ism of good feeling in the mixed community of Armagh . Their elevated

examples shed a benignant influence ou society at large . The tendency of Dr . Cullen's Avritings and general policy is to create and foster social antagonisms , and to ' . prevent that social union , in which , and Avhich alone , ¦ centres genuine nationality . Our best consolation , howeA er , is , that the Irish people 'in general are too familiar AArifch the blessings of good

government to surrender themselves to the grinding tyranny of "Olfcramontanism , and that the character of 'the Freemasons in particular is their best shield against . archiepiscopal misrepresentation .

Architecture And Archæology.

ARCHITECTURE AND ARCH ? OLOGY .

EOYAL INSTITUTE OF BEITISH AECHITECTS . Au ordinary general meeting of this body Avas held in the rooms , 9 , Conduit-street , Eegent-street , on Monday evening , when , in consequence of the absence , through indisposition , of Mr . Tite , the President , Mr . M . Digby Wyatt , V . P ., occupied the chair .

Mr . T . Hayter Lewis , Hon . Sec , read the minutes of proceedings afc the last meeting , which were found correct , and confirmed . The folloAving donations AA * ere announced : —From the Eoyal Geographical Society , Proceedings of the Society , Yol . V ., No . 5 ; from Mr . EdAvard Falkener , " On the Hypajthron of Greek Temples , together with Some

Observations in Eeply to the Reviewers of' Daadalus' by Edward Falkener ; " from Mr . C . H . Smith , "Linear Perspective , or a New Method of Representing Justly all Manner of Objects as they appear to the Eye in all Situations , " by Brook Taylor , LL . D . and F . S . S . ; from Mr . 0 . H . Smith , "NeAv Principles of Linear Perspective , " by Brook Taylor , LL . D . and F . 8 . S . ; the from

Council of State for India , "Astronomical Determinations of Latitudes and Longitudes , and Magnetic Observations , during a Scientific Mission to India and High Asia , " by Hermann , Adolphe , and Eoberfc de Schlagintroeifc ; from Mr . Taylor , "Taylor ' s Calendar of the Meetings of the Scientific Bodies of London for 1861-62 ; " from Mr . George Gutch , an excellent cast from a bust hy Michael Risbach , sculptor , of Mr . Gibbs , the -architect . A vote of thanks Avas passed to tho donors on the motion of the Chairman .

Several gentlemen Avere balloted for and elected members . Mr . Strong read some brief particulars respecting the life and career of the late Hen * ZAvirner , the architect employed in the restoration of Cologne Cathedral . Mr . Wyatt Papworth then read a long and elaborate paper entitled , "On the Superintendents of ( English

Buildings in the Middle Ages , collections for a historical account is of Masons , their Customs , Institutions , & c . " As the paper is to be printed in the Transactions of the Institute , Ave only give a bare summary of it , and such few notes as will be found more particularly relating to our Craft . The subject included " the names of Masons , the places at AA'hich they workedtheir customs

, , wages , workshops , company and guild , constitutions , trade designations , confraternities , and lodges of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries . The paper was supplemental to one read some time ago , by Mr . Papworth , Avhich AVas noticed in the FREEMASONS' MAGAZINE , on persons having charge of buildings , under the various designations of architect , ingeniator , supervisor , surveyor , overseer ,

master of the works , keeper of the AA'orks , keeper of the fabrick , director , clerk of the works , and devizor of buildings . Tho lecturer referred to the earliest notice of Masons , Avhich was in the eleventh cen- tury , Avhen they Avere engaged at Sfc . Albans , to their employment at Canterbury in the twelfth century , and to Avorks executed bthem in the thirteenthfourteenthfifteenth

y , , , and sixteenth centuries . The paper embraced a great many extracts from ancient documents relating to the Masons , their Avages , conditions of engagement , & c . In the thirteenth century , John ' of Glo ' ster , the King ' s Mason , Avas rewarded by a freedom for life from taxes ,

and an annuity of 6 cZ . a day . In that century , one Henry Avas surnamed "Latomus , " In the fifteenth century , Master Masons Avere found to be so designated Avhen employed at Westminster Abbey . In the same century , contracts were made by persons described as Freemasons and Warden Masons . In the folloAving century , mention Avas made of the King ' s three Master Masons . In 1347 ,

a Master Mason was admitted and sworn into that office afc York Minster ; and his under Mason was styled the second Master Mason . In 1355 Avas the earliest Master Masons' and Wardens' regulations , whereby the whole of the employed were required to sleep in lodge , and their mode of working defined . Two Master Masons and carpenters were always to be present at the drinking ,

and to see all duly paid . In 1370 , the Ordinances declared every apprentice was to be proved a week or more before being taken by a Master . That the church usually found aprons , gloves , clogs , and tunics for the Masons . It Avas also the custom , about the same time , for chapters to appoint Master Masons ; and in the address of the Masons to one ofthe chapter of Durham , the Masons

use the phrase " your brotherly reverence . " In 1423 , a Warden and two Master Masons were allowed two skins for aprons , and ten pairs of gloves . In the fifteenth century , agreements were entered into between ecclesiastics and Masons , in Avhich itwas stipulated the latter were to have a gown , each according to their degree . One Avas SAvorn to seiwe a deau and chapter "in the

science of Masonry , and to conceal the secrets and counsel of the prior . " The term Master Mason was now nearly obsolete , though it Avas still employed by the Corporation of London . He could not find that the term Freemason