Architecture And Archæology.

Mr . AVhite said there Avas in ' the course of his paper an observation made by Mr . Papworth Avhich seemed to corroborate the Anew he ( Mr . White ) took , and insisted upon so strongly , of the setting out of work from the superior to the subordinate by a system of geometry . Mr . Eobert Kerr proposed a vote of thanks to Mr . PapAvorfck . Who was the architect of the middle ages ?

On this point there seemed to be several theories advanced . One was that the principal architect of the middle ages was a monk ; another was that these were the master masons ; and the third Avas that there was an architect , properly so . called , between the two . As to the Freemasons , as they now existed , he did not suppose any person iu his senses imagined they so existed in the

middle ages . As to the Scotch masons , the Avorking masons of Scotland of the present clay had a sort of freemasonry amongst themselves almost identical , he was told , AA-ifch the Freemasonry of the English society . They had the signs , symbols , and ceremonies of a very elaborate description , and they were "free and accepted masons" amongst themselves as working men , and the "

consequence Avas that the Scotch trades ' unioii was in a manner more formidable , except as fco numbers , than those in England . He Avas of opinion that it was clear the ecclesiastics of the middle ages must have had a great deal to do AA'ith buildings , there was at that period so great a gulf as to learning between the clergy and the laity . There was much in the theory that the clergy

must have had a great deal to do AA'ith the architecture of buildings in the middle ages , though they must have had assistants . There might have existed in the middle ages a confederation of niasons , Avhich might have served important objects . Mr . Morris asked if Mr . Papworth had met wifch the word "controller . " He met " ifc the other clay in the statute of the second of Henry VII ., Avhich was passed for punishing workmen Avho should commit an assault on the overseer or controller . So he thought the overseer

or controller was placed aboA'e the Master Mason . Mr . Papworth said he had found the word " controller " as early as the reign of Edward III . The controller kept the accounts , and clearly had nothing to do but to look after the accounts . Mr . E . Eoberts seconded the vote of thanks to Mr . Papworth . He thought there Avere lodges of

Freemasons in the middle ages , and also lodges of labourers and the livery then worn , he apprehended , would be used in the same sense as the livery of the city now , indicating that those Avho wore the livery were a superior class in the guild . He would ask Mr . Papworth to consider Avhat the Avord "tile" meant—nofc that the roof was covered Avith tiles , as distinguished from slates , but

that the roof Avas tiled , so that no one could get to it aucl see AA'hat Avas going on within the building . As to Avorking drawings , those Avho had turned over the stones of mediasval buildings would find the lines cut in the stone . There Avere lines from which the mouldings Avere afterwards cut ; these , he apprehended , were the production of the Master Masonsand that the work was the desi

, gn of a superior mind . The Chairman , in putting the vote of thanks to the meeting , remarked that Mr . Papworth had collected a great deal of interesting information , but the great difficulty remained unsolved , and further investigation would be required before it was proved who designed the buildings of the middle ages . From what Mr . Street had said

, he thought it was clear that it could scarcely fall to the Mason only to make such a combination of materials hi the buildings of that period . Any information connected Avith the actual existence ofthe working classes of those ages was of great importance , and referred to some Florentine papers on the subject , which referred to the conditions on Avhich the men worked , and it would appear that some of those referred to were really architects , as those of the present clay . He believed there were at the time referred to both architects and artists , and he

Architecture And Archæology.

hoped that Mr . Papworth or some other gentleman would dig up further information on this matter . The vote of thanks was passed by acclamation . Shortly afterwards the meeting separated ,

Masonic Notes And Queries.

MASONIC NOTES AND QUERIES .

SURPLICE IN LODGE . Turning over the leaves of " Notes aucl Queries" in vol . iv ., the folloAving at page 369 attracted my notice , " I am Chaplain of a lodge . I think it more becoming to that character to do my duty in a surplice , can any of your readers favour me Avith a precedent . —M . A . CANTAB . " —[ A Chaplain should be appointed to every lodge , and

in no society of English gentlemen Avould a minister of religion find himself more welcome , and , I may add , more at home . But M . A . should recollect that Craft Masonry is a school of moral philosophy only ; once assembled in lodge , all brethren are equal , and all religious differences merge in the bond of fraternal union , the discussion of doctrinal , sectarian , or political

topics being strictly forbidden . Even the Passion Cross , the emblem of our common Christianity , although united in the jeAA-el of the eighteenth degree with the Masonic Square and Compasses , can not be worn in Grand Lodge . The surplice is the distinguishing robe of a clergyman of the Church of England . I have always considered the white surplice worn bthe sojourners in

y the E . A . degree singularly inappropriate A \ -heii placed in contra-distinction to the robes of the three Principals , and reasoning by analogy , the robe of the priestly Order of Israel would *| be more consistent both in loelge and chapter Avith the prevailing element of Craft Masonrv . M . H . S ., 30 ° , Buckhursfc Hill , Dec . SO , 1861 .

TOULON LODGE . I have an old diploma , Avhich belonged to a Smyrna Mason , from AA'hich the name of the holder has been carefully erased , for fear of his recognition as a Mason by the bigots of the city . It is dated the 11 th day , 4 th . mouth , 5804 , -22 prairial ofthe 12 th year ofthe Republic The name of the lodge is Les Vrais Amis Constants , of Toulonthe W . M . EstienneE . C . JavarryS . W .

Roque-, , ; , ; fort , J . AV . ; Brossard , E . G ., Keeper of the Seals ; Lilian , Chevalier de 1 'Orient , Sec . ; Bnlte , Ecossais , A . D . C ; Levesque , Treas . ; Blazy , M . M . No reference is made to the lodge being under fche jurisdiction of any G . O . —HIDE CLARKE , Smyrna , 10 th December , 1861 . REGHELLINI ON MASONRY . Reghellini is often quoted as a Masonic writer , Avhafc

work has he published on the science ?—N . R . —[ See his Exam-en du , Ilosaisme et du , Christianieinc , 3 vols .. Svo ., Paris , 1834 . ] KNIGHTS OP THE -ROSY CROSS AND OE THE EAST . I believe the Knights of the Rosy Cross ( the Eoyal Order of Scotland ) and the Knights of the East each claim to be the oldest order in Masonry . Which is the most ancient , and what are the dates of their foundations—B . B .

JEWELS , ORDERS , AND MEDALS . Where can I see a collection of drawings of the numerous jewels , orders , and medals appertaining to the various grades of Masonry , native and foreign " ?—f * f . XRINOSOPHES DE BERCY . Who are they ?—X E . Q . PROV . G . TYLERS AND SWORD-BEARERS . At a Provincial Grancl Lodheld last summerwhere

ge , need not be specified , the Provincial G . Tyler or SAvorcl-Bearer , I am not certain which , entered the church in which divine service was performed with his sword drawn . I am informed it is usual AA'ith the military to sheath _ their SAVOI * C 1 S AA'hen entering into the house of deace , if so , are Masons less peaceably inclined than the regular army ?—T . DODD .