On The Proto-Ethnic Condition Of Asia Minor, The Khalubes (Chalybes), Idæ I Dactyli , And Their Relations With The Mythology Of Ionia.

of Pessinos , in a wilder district , preserved the- native barbarism . The chief points here sought to be explained are the situation of the Daktyli . their occupation as metal-wovkevs in the hills , their connection with the worship of the mother of tho gods , and the

relationship of the Daktyli ancl their neighbours with the Khalubes of the East and of classic times . Further , the share the Daktyli had in the Jovian legends , and in the diffusion of metal-working and colonisation in the islands of the eastern Mediterraneanand most probably in Europe .

, The further study of this subject will elucidate the relations of the Amazons , the Iberians , the undefined Cecropea , Leleges , ancl Pelasgi , and of the Hellenes , and the true history of their various migrations . By the help of a few remaining words , and by mythswe may identify them with the

, archaic history of India , as the Amazons are already philologically connected with the valleys of the Himalayas and Assam . If we can assign to each stock its national

mythology , we may obtain a better means of identification . The European relations of the Hellenes and the Iberians are known ; further investigations may develope those of the Khalubes and Amazons . It may be that among these hill tribes we may find explanations of the legends of the

colonies from Africa established iu the north , and that the ethnology and mythology of some of the hill tribes may be found to have a southern , and not an eastern relationship—with Ethiopia , and not with India . The giants of Tartarus , the common offspring of heaven and earthmay

sym-, bolise the black races , wliich may have been localised in Asia Minor as in India . The chief endeavour throughout has been to analyze the confused mass of facts , and to assign each to its own locality , and particularly to Asia Minor those belonging to that ancient ancl remarkable

centre of civilisation , thereby illustrating the antiquity of its civilisation , and that of the useful arts , better developed aud recorded there than iu continental Greece .

the legend of Saturn devouring his children may be a confused reminiscence of the cannibalism or bloody practises of the aborigines . Many of the Galli were eunuchs , for which various legendary reasons were given relating to the mother of the gods ; but the practice was

perhaps aboriginal , ancl connected with some propensity for castration , such as is stated to prevail in Russia . When a young man resorted to this rite he threw off his clothes , rushed naked intoa troop of Galli , and castrated himself with a sword , or rather long knife . He then ran about the

streets , bearing in his hands the marks of his mutilation , which ho threw into some house , and in that house put on the clothing of a woman . In later times they travelled about from village to village , carrying an image of the goddess on an ass , singing verses and begging alms . One

On The Proto-Ethnic Condition Of Asia Minor, The Khalubes (Chalybes), Idæ I Dactyli , And Their Relations With The Mythology Of Ionia.

of them played the pipe , and the others , throwing " their Phrygian caps on the ground , fell into furious " agitation , cutting and wounding themselves in various parts of the body . They got liberal alms . At Rome they paraded about from door to door . In the great sacrifices of the goddess they tossed

their heads with great rapidity , violently contorting their bodies and limbs , aud dancing to the ? sound of drums and flutes . It is strange to notice a likeness to dervish practices . The Galli degenerated into dissolute vagabonds . In other'

-• • rt ^ festivals the sacrificants of the goddess , amid a confused noise of timbrels , pipes , and symbals ,. howled as if mad , using the most obscene language aud most indecent gestures . It is as well to call attention to the Yuruks in- "

habiting the mountains of Western Asia Minor whose ethnology is undefined . They appear tobe a separate people from the Turkomans , but have not been studied . The Chingauees , or Gipseys , are sometimes called Yuruks , in error . They keep cattle in the hills and neighbouring plains ,,

and also cut wood and burn charcoal , but are not smelters . The charcoal-burning is deserving of notice , and likewise their gathering honey from , the honey trees in the forests , and they keep flocks and herds , like the Kuretes . They are nominally Mahommedans , but their exact creed

is not known . They are not considered as . Sunnite , or orthodox , by the Turks , but are called Kizzilbash , Redheads , or Heretics , a name applied to the Shiites , though the Yuruks are not supposed by the Turks to be Shiites , like the Persians . They are reproached with various

irregularities . They do not say the namaz , or daily prayers , or frequent the mosques . They hold secret assemblies at the new moon , in the hills , these assemblies being watched by sentinels to prevent intrusion , as in the ancient mysteries . On account of these assemblies the Yuruks have

claimed affinity with the Freemasons , The Yuruksspeak Turkish of the Anatolian dialect . If the Yuruks should be descendants of the hill tribes , their ceremonies may be representative of the ancient mysteries .

Masonic Notes And Queries.

MASONIC NOTES AND QUERIES .

THE GREEKS OP HIE EED CEOSS OF EOME AUD THE IIOLT SEPULOHEE . I will , if you please , commence with two plain propositions : — 1 . The Orders of Constantine and the Holy Sepulchre are , at the present moment , public Orders of

friendly foreign States , and have never ceased to be in active existence from the day of their foundation . 2 . They have never had any connexion whatever with . Freemasonry . These , like all other public Orders , are conferred by that authority alone , in whom is vested , either hereditarily or otherwise , their supreme government