South America.

In due time the Graud Orient of Colombia apprOA ed of these proceedings and recognised the Grand Lodge of Peru as an independent Masonic governing body within its territory . Gn the 11 th of August of the same year the Grand Lodge again assembled and began the work of forming a constitution and general statutes for the Order , and also unanimously resolved to change the name of " Gran Logia" to that of " Gran

Oriente Peruano . " Unfortunately soon after these proceedings political disturbances caused much ill feeling throughout tho country , and amongst the members of tho Government that came into poAver after a disastrous revolution , were many men Opposed to all principles of progress . These men thereupon exerted themselves to the utmost to drive Masons and their Art from the country , and in consequence of the persecution it was

found advisable to close the lodges , and thus only the brethren escaped the violence and threats of their enemies . In the place of lodges , the opponents of Masonry , founded secret societies , which happily in time became extinguished , as Freemasonry although dormant for a period , by degrees recovered its position and effectually closed those clandestine meetings which had been formed to support the leaders of a military despotism .

1845—1852 . In 1845 , after a recess of some twelve years , several enthusiastic brethren assrmbled and reopened the Symbolic Lodge , * ' Orden y Libertad , " and the Chapter Rose-Croix , " Regeneracion Peruana , " in Lima and continued to work regularly until 1848 , when on the 1 st of November of that year a general assembly of Masons Avas hold , and the Grand Ori ent reopened

by the deputies elect and the representatives of the two above mentioned bodies . The Supreme Council of the 33 rd degree was reconstituted and re-opened on the 30 th January , 1849 , by tho M . P . Sov . Grand Commander , Juan Elizalde , regular successor of the 111 . Bro . General Don Domingo Tristan , first Sov . G . Commander of the Council in 1130 ; this Supremo body having from causes already mentioned been in recess since 1833 . The Council obligated and installed the following brethren as Officers : —

111 . Bro . Dr . Don Mafias Leon Sov . G . Commander . „ Francisco J . Mariategui Lieut . G . Commander Bias Jose Alzamora G . Secretary . „ Antonio de Souza Ferreira Grand Treasurer . „ Mariano Jose Arce Minister of State . „ Manuel Orosco Captain of Guards .

who , with the 111 . Bros . Juan Elizalde , P . Sovereign Grand Commander , Tomas E . Eldredge ; and Manuel Perez de Tudela now composed this supreme power of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite iu Peru ; in 1850 , three other brethren were installed Sovereign Grand Inspectors General 33 " by the Council , viz ., Jose Eeynoso , Antonio Polanco , and Manuel Ygarza ; in 1851 , Francisco Quiros ; and in 1 S 52 , the then President of the RepublicGeneral Jose Rufiuo Echenique .

, In 1850 , the . Grand Orient again assembled and sanctioned a Constitution for the government of the Fraternity and promulgated it in General Assembly . His Excellency the late Gran Marescal Miguel San Roman , afterwards President of the Republic , Avas Grand Master of this Grand Orient till 1852 , but the Supreme Council 33 ° took no part in its transactions and to all appearance disowned its existence .

1 S 52—1857 . On the 13 th July , 1852 , the " Gran Oriente Peruano " was re-organised and re-constituted under the title of " Gran Oriente Nacional del Peru " and elected and obligated , Bro . Dr . Don . Matias Leon Grand Master . „ „ „ Francisco J . Mariategui , Senior Grand Warden . „ „ Francisco Quiros ] Junior Grand Warden .

„ „ Miguel Saldivar Grand Secretary . Twenty-five brethren appear to have been present at this meeting , respectively representing the Supreme Council 33 ° , with the Consistory and Areopago of Lima , the two Chapters Rose-Croix of Lima and Callao and two other Altares under the Council 33 ° . The Masters and Wardens of three lodges were also present , those of " Orden y Libertad " and "Estrella Polar , " of Lima , and " Concordia Universal , " of Callao . This latter lodge in Callao was founded by tho " Gran Oriente Peruano , " over which Grand Master Marescal Miguel San

Roman presided ; and "Estrella Polar" in Lima fcy the Supreme Council of Peru , on the 28 th of May , 1852 . The Lodge "Orden y Libertad , " re-installed in 1845 , appears to have been the only one of the original four founded in Lima , between the years 1821 and 1 S 29 , that Avas represented ia this assembly . In 1852 the Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Scotland granted its charter to hold a HolRoyal Arch Chapter

"Esy trella Boreal , " No . 74 , of Freemasons in Calloa . This was the first Masonic body of the "Ancient York Rite" opened in th * Republic , and the Supreme Council of Peru appears to have ignored its existence . Neither was it admitted into the " Gran Oriente Nacional del Peru . "

In 1855 the Supreme Council of the 33 ° granted its charter and installed Lodge " Virtud y Union , " Lima , on the 12 th ot September . _ A lodge of this name existed previously in 1823 ; but of the time and cause of its closing little is known . Previous to this date no record exists of Peruvian Masonry having been formally recognised by any of the supreme governing powers in Europe or in North or South America . Under patent dated 25 th of November 1853 Bro . Richard H .

Hartley-, , was accredited as representative of the M . AV . the Grand Lodge of New York near the Gran . Oriente Nacional del Peru , and in the same year Bro . Finlay M . King , Past M . W . G . M ., as the representative of the Peruvian Gran Oriente , near the Grand Lodge of New York . By patent dated March , 1854 , Bro . John F . Lembecke wasaccredited as the representative of the Grand Lodge of

Hamburgh , and Bro . A . Mohr , near that Grand Lodge from Peru . The Supreme Council of the 33 ° for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of America , of which the late 111 . Bro , Edward A . [ Raymond was then Sovereign Commander and Charles W . Moore , Grand Secretary , likewise accredited 111 . Bro . Richard H . Hartley , 33 ° , by patent dated 1 st November .. 1 S 54 , as its representative near the Supreme Council of the

33 ° for the Republic of Peru and its Masonic dependencies . A code of statutes for the Masonic Order in Peru was adopted and promulgated . by the Grand Orient on the 5 th of May , 1 S 56 . These statutes were very defective , consisting only of a fewextracts from the Constitution of the Grand Orient of Venezuela , the government of tlie Fraternity being left entirely in the hands of the Supreme Council 33 ° , a circumstance that caused considerable dissatisfaction to the brethren of the symbolic lodges and which subsequently broke out into open rebellion . On the 17 th of August , 1 S 56 , the " Gran Oriente Nacional del Peru" elected and installed .

Bro . Francisco Quiros Gran d Master . „ Colonel Pascual Saco Senior Grand Warden . „ Ricardo H . Hartley , ' . Junior Grand Warden . „ Dr . Don Juan Oviedo Grand Secretary . On the resignation of Grand Master Quiros in 1857 , the Grand Orient elected and installed , Bro . Antonio de Souza Ferreira Grand Master

. „ Raymundo Rosas Morales Grand Secretary . the two above-named Grand Wardens being re-elected . The lodges IIOAV working regularly under charter from the Supreme Council in the name of the Gran Oriente Nacional del Peru , " were Orden y Libertad ( No . 1 ) , Lima , Peru ; Concordia Universal ( No . 2 ) , Callao , Peru ; Estrella Polar ( No . 3 ) , Lima , Peru ; Virtudy Union ( No . 4 ) , Lima , Pern ; Filantropiu

de Guayas ( No . 5 . ) , Guayaquil , Ecuador ; Estrella del Norte ( No . 6 ) , Huaraz , Peru ; Estrella del Sur ( No 7 ) . Concepcion , Chile ; and the Superior Altares of the Sth , 18 th , 25 th , 30 th , and 32 nd degrees in Lima , the Sth in Callao and also in Guayaquil ; in all fourteen prosperous Masonic bodies . During 1857 the following brethren were accredited additional representatives at and by the Supreme Council 33 rd degree of Peru :

111 . Bro . Dr . Don Matias Leon , patent dated 13 th of July ,. 1857 , from the Supreme Council 33 rd degree of the Gran Oriente Neo Granadino . 111 . Bro . Thomas E . Eldredge , patent dated 10 th of Sep ., 1857 , from the Supreme Council 33 rd for the Southern Jurisdiction U . S . A . 111 . Bro . Francisco de Zubiria , patent dated 10 th of June ,. 1857 , at the Supreme Council 33 rd degree of the Gran Oriente Neo Granadino . 111 . Bro . Albert G . Mackey , patent dated 10 th of June , 1 S 57 , at the Supreme Council 33 rd for the Southern Jurisdiction U . S . A .