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of the Turkish Effendis , would not be permitted , even if there AA as room . This portion of the Avail is therefore entirely hid , but there is no reason to doubt , but that it Avould be of the same character as the rest , if it could be examined . The piers of the arches supporting the Haram

in the south-east angle are found to range precisely as they should do to support the triple cloister on the south side , and a double cloister on the east side ; and if they are not those originally built for that purpose , the present piers must occupy the exact the oriinal did

same positions as g ones . After the capture of the city by Titus , A . D . 70 , Josephus tells us that he ordered the city to be entirely demolished and its Avails to be overthroAvn , but that the citadel should be preserved as a monument of his good fortune . The citadel had

been rebuilt by Herod , and from the description given by Josephus of the toAvers built by himviz . that the character of the architecture , Avhich corresponds Avith that found all round the Haram , there seems no doubt that the toAver , called the Tower of David , is one of those built by Herod .

Sir Henry concluded by observing that " notwithstanding the very opposite vieAvs with respect to the sites of the holy places Avhich have been brought forward in this lecture room , I feel firmly convinced that the traditional sites are the true sites of the Holy Sepulchre , the Temple , Mount Zion , and Mount Moriah . "

Masonic Notes And Queries.

MASONIC NOTES AND QUERIES .

THE MORAL LAAV AND EREEMAS 0 NRX . In Preemasonry as a " universal institution , " - as a " world-Avide association" ( terms taken from the letters of two correspondents , and already used in my communications ) , the main reason is the source of the moral law . Our reason tells us that we have

a duty to perform ; such duty is to do Avhat is right , and not to do what is Avrong , and the same reason , moreover , tells us Avhat is right , and it tells us what is Avrong . A correspondent suggests that our reason is sometimes perplexed in coming to a conclusion in this last matterthat sometimes it is difficult

satis-, factorily to distinguish between what is right and what is Avrong . This cannot be disputed , but the ease is very rave indeed . Much has been Avritten on this point . The Kantian philosophy supplies the test to which , as I believe , recourse is now geuerally had for the solutiou of questions of this kind . Books

of Kantian philosophy are no longer in my possession ; they Avill , however , be found to teach that " Agis de telle sorte que le motif de ton action puisse toujours utre erige en loi universelle pour tons lea 6 tres raisonnables " is the infallible criterion of the morality of an actionthat is to saythe criterion h

, , y which we may judge Avhethsr it be right or whether it be wrong . —CHARLES PURTON COOPER . THE TRUE , THE BEAUTIFUL , THE COOD . An "Entered Apprentice , " in a very sensible paper just placed in my hands , makes inquiry respecting

Masonic Notes And Queries.

the signification of the " aspiration towards all that is diviue , i . e ., the True , the Beautiful , the Good , " inthe " Platform of the German Reformers , " printed vol . xiii , p . 382 , of the FREEMASONS' MAGAZINE . That our brother should doubt does not surprise me . He should read Monsieur Victor Cousin ' s treatise

"Du Vrai , du Beau , et du Bien , " first jmblished , if I mistake not , in 1 S 53 . A copy , once mins , has lately been added to Lincoln ' s Inn Library , to which , I presume from a passage in his paper , our brother has access as a student of the Society . —CHARLES PURTON COOPER .

JACOB LAMBALL . Was Bro . Jacob Lamball , the first J . G . W ., a member of the Carpenters' Company , and can he have been a carpenter employed on St . Paul ' s ? Some one connected with the Company may be able to inform us . —L .

THE ORDER OP KING CHARLES XIII . OE SWEDEN . K . T . asks if it is correct that the Knights of this Order are , and must be , Freemasons . —[ The Order was instituted on May 11 th , 1811 , by King Charles XIII . of Sweden , who , in the original statutes instituting the Order , says : — " To give to this Society

( the Masonic ) an evidence of our gracious sentiments toward it , we will and ordain that its first dignitaries , to the number which we may determine , shall in future he decorated with the most intimate proof of our confidence , and which shall be for them a distinctive mark of the highest dignity . " The King of SAveden is the perpetual Grand Master , and the number of Knights is limited to twenty-seven . Knights can be installed only on January 28 th . ]

Correspondence.

CORRESPONDENCE .

The Editor is not responsible for the opinions expressed by Correspondents . REFORM m MASONRY . TO THE EDITOK Or THE FKEESrASOXS' MAGAZINE A > 'D 11 ASOSIC MIItHOB . DEAR SIR AND BROTHER , —During frequent journeys through countries of the Levant , I have observed

that the numerical extension of our Society Avas very considerable ; but if , laying my hand on my heart , I may he permitted to express my thoughts openly , I should Avish to see a greater spiritual activity developed , to go baud in hand with the external spread of our " building sheds . " For I have noticed Avith

regret that many excellent workmen , having once received the degree of M . M ., retired from all further pursuits , because " Masonry offers them too little mental edification , requires too much time and money to be expended on external matters which , in the long run , tend to exhaust heart aud mind , and thus

our Fraternity descends to the rank of an association of good-natured people , who are fond of a good dinner , and afflict ( beschweren ) each other with titles and distinctions that are devoid of meaning in every other society , " & c . JSO doubt , much truth is to be found in these sentimentsaud I have not failed to frequently

, speak my own mind on these subjects , Avith a view to bring about an improvement through the joint efforts of all zealous brethren in the East . I regret to say these endeavours of mine have called forth some illfeeling , and accusations against me have not been