Brazil.

hundred dollars ) , Avhich was lent by t \ A' 0 Avealthy members . The direction of tho building Avas given to Jose Clemento Pereira , who projected a society called the " Glory of the Lavradio , " issuing shares at 50 mil reis ( 25 dollara ) , and which could only be held by members of the Grand Orient or its constituent lodges ; so that in case of the death of any shareholder , his heirs or creditors Avould be indemnified

in the nominal value . With the funds thus collected , the debt Avas paid , aud tho buildiug finished , including the furnishing and decoration . TAVO thousand shares Avere issued , to pay an interest of nine per cent ., seven of Avhich the shareholders AA ere to i-eceive , the other two to remain as a reserve fund to pay the property taxinsurance against fireand repairs . The Grand

, , Lodge guarantees to the society the nine thousand mil reis , and receives from the subordinate lodges three hundred mil reis ( 150 dols . ) each per annum . At present , the Grand Lodge is in possession of nearly one-half of the shares issued . Tho rest are divided among the different Lodges in Rio , with the exception of a feiv in the bauds of private individuals .

The edifice contains four temples of the Scotch rite , two of the French or modern , a Master ' s Lodge in common , a banquet hall , council chamber and reception-room , and a gallery running the vrhole depth of the building , for the archives . Three Tylers are on continual duty , and until three o ' clock , the Chief ofthe Bureau ofthe Grand Secretary , Avith an amanuensis , except on Sundays and holidays . —American Mirror and Keystone .

Architecture And Archæology.

ARCHITECTURE AND ARCH ? OLOGY .

ARCHAEOLOGY IN FRANCE . In the commune of St . Antoniii , in the Department of the Tarn et Garonne , in France , attention has been for a long time attracted by a large number of flat stones lying nearly level with the surface ; but very little trouble has been taken to inquire into their origin ; a superstitious terror surrounded these ancient remainsAvliich are known , amongst

, the country people by the name of the Giant's tombs . These -stones are found in three principal groups , one at Gastinel , near Tabarly-de-Poulau , and the other tAvo not far from the same spot . The six tombs Avhich form the first group have recently been explored ; each is composed of five squared stones , four forming the sides , and the fifth the top , but none below ;

the general depth is about 5 ft ., but the dimensions vary according to the number of bodies they contain , the smallest being , hoAvever , not less than 8 ft . long , by 3 ft . in Avidfch . They all lie east and Avest . Most of tho tombs contain but one skeleton , and in only one there are as many as four discovered ; these consisted of the bone of a man of gigantic proportions , those of a woman , and of two children . The neck of the female Avas still surrounded by a necklace of composition beads , round inform , and nearly half an inch in

diameter . There were many specimens of pottery in the tombs , Avhich are said to resemble precisely that manufactured by the ancient Gauls , and in spite of the absence of arms , jewels , and other objects , no hesitation is felt in coming to the conclusion that they were the last restingplaces of people of that nation ; they , moreover , resemble precisely those tombs Avhich Avere discovered betAveen

Bruniquel and La Verrouille , and in AvhicliAvere found flint lance-heads and hatchets , as Avell as small discs of bronze , supposed to be the fastenings of girdles . One of the tombs just opened contained the skeletons of a man and a horse . Similar sepulchres have been found in old Montauban , or de Montauriol , in the same department ; the principal

difference being that , in the latter instance , bricks were used , in place of stone , which is not to be found in the neighbourhood ; in these latter bricks were set up edgeways around the bod } -, in such a maimer as to support others laid flat upon them , and thus form a cover to the tomb , TAVO ancient mines , one of copper and another of lead , have been discovered in Mount Constant , near Cadarcet , and are IIOAV being worked by a company . The copper found is in the state of green subcarbonate , or

malachite , of a fine colour , and susceptible of a high polish . The lead mine is in the same slope of the hill , and not more than 500 yards distant from the former ; the metal is in the condition called native , and presents a brilliant appearance and great regularity in the form . The latter had been opened by the ancient miners to the depth of fifty or sixty yardsbut the former to onlabout seven or eight " yardsthe

, y , galleries entering directly from the side of the hill . The mines arc situated close to the high road , and promise good results . It is curious that two other mines , one of copper and the other of lead , as in the former case , haA'O also been discovered in the village of Anzat , in the canton of Vicdersos .

DESTRUCTION OF SCOTCH ANTIQUITIES . At a recent meeting of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland , Professor Simpson , V . P ., delivered the annual address ; and , in the course of it , urged the necessity of preventing , if possible , the further demolition of the antiquarian , relics scattered over Scotland . Various human agencies have

been long busy in the destruction and obliteration of our antiquarian earth and stone AA'orks . At no period , said the Professor , has this process of demolition gone on in Scotland more rapidly and ruthlessly than during the last fifty or a hundred years . That tide of agricultural improvement Avhich has passed over the country has , in its utilitarian course , swept away , sometimes inevitably , often most

needlessly , the aggers and ditches of ancient camps , sepulchral barroAvs and mounds , stone circles and cairns , oarth-raths , and various other objects of deep antiquarian interest . Our railways have proved among the greatest , as Avell as the latest , of the agents of destruction . In our island various cherished antiquities have been often most unnecessarilswept aAvay in constructing those race-courses for

y the daily rush and career of the iron-horse . His rough and ponderous hoof , for example , has kicked down at one extremity of a railway connected AA-ith Edinburgh—marvellously and righteously to the subsequent disiieace of the AA-hole city—that fine old specimen of Gothic architecture ,

the Irmity College Church-, while , at the other extremity of the same line , it battered , into fragments the Old Castle of BerAvick—a fort rich in martial and Border memories . In the construction of the Edinburgh and GlasgoAv Railway the line was driven with annihilating effect through the centre of the old and rich Roman station and the AA all of Antoninus at Castlecary . In many parts of our country

our old sepulchral cairns , hill-forts , castles , churches , and abbeys have been most thoughtlessly and rejireheiisibly alloAved , by those that chanced to be proprietors of them for the time being , to be used as mere quarries of ready stones for the building of villages and houses , and for the construction of field-dykes and drains . Almost all the primeval stone-circles and cromlechsAA-hich existed in the

, middle and southern districts of Scotland , haA r e been cast doAA-ii and removed . Among the most valuable of our ancient Scottish monuments are certainly our sculptured stones . Most of them , bqweA-er , and some of them oven in late times , haA-e been sadly mutilated and desfcro 3 r ed , to a greater or less degree by human hands , and com-erfced to the most base uses . In name of this societand hi the

y , name of my felloAv-countryman generally , I here solemnly protest against the future perpetration of any more acts of useless and churlish Vandalism , in the needless destruction and removal of our Scottish antiquarian remains .

GENERAL ARCHITECTURAL INTELLIGENCE . The old parish church of Aldford , Cheshire , is shortly to he razed , and a neAv church built . The IIOAV edifice AVIII be erected at the sole expense ofthe Marquis of Wes tmins ter , on a site adjacent to the present church , and Avhich lvill alloAV the ground on ivhich it stands to be added to tho churchyard , which required to be enlarged .

A IIOAV church , dedicated to St . BartholomeAA-, and erected as a chapel-of-ease for tho large and populous parish of St . James ' s , Bristol , has been consecrated . The edifice has been erected on a piece of ground situate between Union-street , and Little Ja-mes ' s-back , and is in tho Early Decorated style . It consists of a nave , chancel , chancel aisle , harmonium gallerv , and tAvo other large galleries , Avith two vestries , & c .