Literature.

more extended than we intended they should be when we opened the work of our learned brother , and which we cordially recommend to the attention of such of our readers as take an interest in antiquarian and ethnological researchesin the latter of which this work is eminently rich , though we have to a great extent been compelled to pass them over owing to the attention which we have given to other parts

of the book . Mr . Bollaert anticipates that much confusion may yet be caused in the various South American States from the differences of races existing amongst them ; and , speaking of the Equador , says : —• " The Indians of Cuenca and all those of Equador speaking Quichua , have changed but little since Pizarro ' s invasion . They are aware that they have been the lords of the country ; and

they are often heard to say , that if they steal anything belonging to a white man they are not guilty of theft , because they are taking what originally belonged to them . That the Indians entertain a hope of freeing themselves from their oppressors , hy "driving them into the sea , " seems to he a well-established fact . Whether they are sufficiently united to act in concert for carrying out their plan is difficult to determine ; but it has been ascertained that there is an alliance between all the Indians speaking Quichua , called Los

Gentiles by the Spaniards , and the more barbarous tribes living in the fastnesses of the primeval forests . Should they persevere in their intention , they will find it every day more easy , unless the face ofthe interior of Equador and Peru is greatly altered ; for the white and mixed population since immigration has ceased , or at least been less numerous , in decreasing ; while the Indians , wherever they have kept themselves free from intermixture with other races , are steadily increasing . Equador presents a vast field for enterprise , and if the tide of emigration which has now set in with such towards iNortu America and Australia

rorce , coulcl be directed somewhat to Equador , the political and social condition of the country would be altered in a short space of time . It is now so thinly peopled , and inhabited by so limited a number of whites , that about 12 , 000 immigrants would effect susprising changes . They would not only exercise a most salutary influence upon the elections , by placing the supreme power in the hands of superior men , and they -would have no-difficulty-in keeping in order the negroes andZamboes

of Guayaquil , the chief promoters of most ofthe revolutions that have disgraced the annals of this republic , and again of Chili , "The European element has increased very much in Chile—not the Spanish , hut English , German , French , also North American , many of whom have married Chileans . The son of an Englishman , by a Chilian mother , has been a minister of finance ; many others of

such descent , having government appointments , are in the army and navy ; others occupied in commerce , mining , & c . ; and it is a curious question to speculate upon the part this new race may play . " In the south of Chile , the Arancanos and confederated tribes require to he cautiously dwelt with . It- is in contemplation to invite European emigiation on a large scale into Arauco , which , if accomplished wifcli sufficient numbers , as ifc must to protect itself

against the Indians , who will oppose as long as possible , but his weakened numbers in the end will be driven into the Andean fastness , where it will not rapidly increase ; and if they attempt to descend into the Pampas , they will meet with fresh enemies in the Buenos Ayrians . " We must not omit to add that the work is p lentifully illustrated with engravings and notes of great value , whilst there is an index bringing down the information relative to the various countries treated of to the latest date .

Notes On Literature Science And Art.

NOTES ON LITERATURE SCIENCE AND ART .

Mr . George Shepherd , C . F ., has issued a work on The Climate of England , containing some certainly original views . He says : — "We fail to trace anything to the action' of the sun , the earth , or the moon , ou which we can build the slightest foundation for a theory to account for the mysterious changes our climate is subject to . " And he adds : — "I now humblyet boldlproclaim thafc the

y , y , planet Jupiter , : not excepting Saturn , Uranus , Neptune , or the smaller planets , and fchose great wanderers , the comets , as thev revolve in their respective orbits round the sun , control , both ¦ directl y and indirectl y , the meteorology of our climate . I think it-is so . conclusive that there remains " not a shadow of doubt as to the great fact . " The question is , whether Mr , Shepherd can get -other people to see it in the same light .

A new use has been found for the juice of the apple . The Lancashire cotton printers are beginning to consume great quantities of it in their important branch of industry to fix the colours of their fabrics . The Rev . J . It . Lee has in the press a History of MarJcel Drayton . Every good contribution to local history is an addition to our

material for a better history of the nation . We are indebted to Miss Knight ' s Autobiography for the following anecdotes : —" Boswell was asked by the King how he could ever get through his work on Dr . Johnson . ' Sire , ' said he ' I have a mor e difficult task than that— how to call the unfortunate grandson of James II ., whose adventures in Scotland I propose to narrate . ' ' Why , ' replied the King , ' call him the unfortunate grandson of

James II . " " When Admiral Nelson's arm was cut off , the surgeon asked if he should not embalm it , to send it to England to be buried ; but he said , ' Throw it into the hammock with the brave fellow that was killed beside me '—a common seaman . " " As we were going in the Admiral ' s barge the other day , looking at the ships and talking of the victory ( of the Nile ) , Sir William Hamilton could not he pacified for the French calling it a drawn battle : ' Nay , it was a drawn battle , ' said the Admiral , ' for they drew the blanks and we the prizes . '" Miss Jane Williams has published a new work , 'The Literary

Women of Fngland , in which she thus speaks of Hannah More :- ~ " She was conversant with the social life of England , from the court of the soverign , through each particular class colouring the widening concentric circles , even to the darkened outskirts and waste places , the scattered haunts of pariahs and castaways in depravity . Born in a low grade of the middle class , and occupying through life a higher grade of the same class , she opened for herself the way to a station of honour in tho most elevated social

circles of her country , became a companion ot the noblest by birth , the most conspicuous by rank and position , and the most eminent for genius , acquirements , public services , and moral excellence . It has been erroneously averred that her ethical writings are mere digests of those of deeper theologians . No one conversant with the lucubrations of theologians and with her productions could for an instant maintain such an opinion . The total absence of metaphysical disquisitionand of abstruse speculation of every kind

, the blending and fusing of all doctrines with their actuating tendences and practical effects , universally characterise her religious essays , which always bear the unmisfcakeahle impression of thoughts involved and worded hy her own mind , and often reveal the personal experience which warmed and deepened their indentation . Dramatic talent enlivens all her works , which are never dull and seldom tedious . "

The Critic , in noticing the Selections from John Cassell's Prize Fssays by Working Men and Women , remarks : — " We open the volume almost at random , and we light upon an essay headed by the name of ' Eliza Stark , Wife of a Shipsmith . ' There is really a very considerable amount of shrewd common sense in this essay , put plainly and forcibly ; hut nevertheless we cannot help thinking that we detect some slight symptoms of shrewism in the shrill protests of Mrs . Stark against all the shortcomings of the male

creation . She is exactly- —at least so we could fancy—that sort of careful , keen-eyed housewife , whose ill-humour is terrible on washing-morning , and in whose eyes the non-use of a , mat on a wet day is an act of petty treason . She has selected ' Temperance' for her thtme , and here she has it all her own way ; as women , happily for their husbands , and more happily for themselves , ' are not very often given up to strong drink . Mrs . Stark—we hope heartily not from her own experience—is very voluble upon the manifold miseries of intemperance . She has taken out the whole ticket for teetotalism . Occasionally , we are afraid , her sermonising misleads her from her text . "

Miss Mefceyard ( Silverpen ) has a new novel on the way , entitled Lady Herbert's Gentlewomen . The Critic says-. — "The advertisements in the catalogues of the Great Exhibition of 18 G 2 , will bring in a handsome sum . Fifty pounds is demanded for a single page ; and the outside page of the cover of the Industrial Catalogue is said to have been already secured by an energetic advertiser at £ 1000 . "

Wo noticed , some time ago , the waste of labour on the part of the Earl of Winchelsea in turning the Poole of Job into rhyme . We now learn from the Malton Messenger that a " Mr . Thos . Dawson , late of Church-street Academy , Kirbymoorside , and now residing at Wombleton , " is perpetrating a similar freak on brave John Bunyan ' s Pilgrim's Progress . The Saturday Eevietv , in noticing Lord Lindsay ' s recent book on Scepticism and the Clmrch of Fngland , says : — " We have never