On The Proto-Ethnic Condition Of Asia Minor, The Khalubes (Ohalybes), Idæi Dactyli, And Their Relations With The Mythology Of Ionia.

Idalus , a mountain of Cyprus , has a strong resemblance in name to the Ida of Asia and that of Crete . D . In Rhodes , the Telchines . E . In Lemnos , possibly the Cyclops , who made

armour . It is UOAV necessary to connect the eastern Khalubes , or historical Khalubes , with the western , or Mythic or Finger Khalubes . To do this we must pick out the legends . The Dactyli Idsei , in the later ages of Jovism ,

were Avell known as benevolent beings , to Avhom divine honours were paid , and Avhose very name was an infallible preservative in all times of terror and danger . There were also stones and amulets , ¦ called Dactyli Idas ! , of soverign virtue , and Avorn -on the thumb . These stones in thumb-rings we

have to trace back from the inanimate to the animate , from the mythic to the real , from names to living men . The Dactyli Idaji , being so well knoAvn , were named by several writers , who have given us various tales , all agreeing in the main , and which can be reconciled and made consistent .

Although the Cretans claimed the Idaai Dactyli for . their Mount Idai , and greatly developed the Avorship , yet the best authorities agree that they belonged to Mount Ida , in Asia and there we must restore them . One consequence of this is , Ave get aid of their too close connection with the worship of Zeus , as developed in Crete , and see more clearly their connection with the earlier worship of the Mother of the Gods .

The Dactuli properly and originally were not Idoean Daktyls at all . Their connection Avith Mount Ida Avas casual . The explanation in the Parian chronicle is clear that two immigrant Daktyls discovered iron in Mount Ida . This appears to have been a late event , and by the

western Greeks this event was treated confusedly , and consequently the Daktyls were immediately connected Avith Mount Ida , ancl a host of fable and false etymology raised thereon . Pollux ( it ., 4 ) , satifies himself that the Daktyls were so called from being at the foot or roots of Mount Ida ,

iv SKKTUAOU . Phrygia is agreed to be the original seat of the Daktyls , and they are connected Avith the Avorship of Cybele . Strabo tells us a Phrygian legend of there being ten men , or as many as the fingers on a man ' s tAvo hands . He also relates ¦ another opinion that there Avere but five Daktyle

, Avho , according to Sophocles , were the inventors of iron . Strabo says the Kuretes and Korubantes were descended from the Daktyls . Diodorus ¦ Siculus , a less Asiatic authority , takes his inspirations chiefly from Crete ; he says the Daktyls lived on Mount Ida in Cretethat some said they

, were a hundred , others only five—equal in number 4 o the fingers of a man ' s hand—Avhenee they had the name of Daktyli j that they Avere magicians and addicted to mystical ceremonies ; that Orpheus was their disciple , and carried their mysteries into

Greece ; that the Daktyli invented iron and fire , and had been recompensed with divine honours . Diomedes , the grammarian , stated that they were priests of Cybele , called Idari , because that goddess was chiefly Avorshipped on Mount Ida , in Phrygia . He says they Avere called Dactyli ,

because to prevent Chronos ( Latiens ) from hearing the cries of the infant Zeus ( Jupiter ) , whom Cybele had committed to their custody , they sung Dactylic verses . The Daktyls Avere iron Avorkers from Phrygia , taking their name from five fingers . The

traditions of Ephesus placed the Korubantes and their nurseling in the neighbouring mountains . From these mountains are seen another remarkable

chain in continuation . These mountains are on the south side of the Great Maxander , and present five peaks—a landmark around . The Turks call them expressly Besh Parmak , the Five Fingers , and , as already stated , at this day there are the iron mines , Avorked by gipseys , Avho smelt

the iron Avith charcoal , and convert the metal into horse shoes and nails , Avhich they send into tha neighbouring mai'kets . The present name must be considered as the representative of the old name . Hence , Ave may conclude that Daktuli , or Fingers , Avas only the name given by the earliest Hellenes to the aboriginal smelting population of the Five Finger mountains . The ancient name of the Besh Parmak is not

ascertained , but must have been neure AUKTUAOI , OX * Five Fingers . Kiepert has placed Mount Latmos in that locality , on his map of Asia Minor . Latmos , hoAvevei " , I consider to belong- to the southern chain , parallel to the Besh Parmak . The Besh Parmak mountains were well suited to shelter a

hill tribe . On the north and AVest they are sheltered by the broad stream of the great Mseander river , on the east by the Ohinar river , and on the south they had in former days the Gulf of Miletus .

On the Avest , in Tchihacheff's majj , there is a group of mountains on the Upper Marauder beyond Denizlu , named by him as Besh Parmak , but there is no apparent authority for this , nor would it affect the question as to the other group . The Turkish nameas stated , is Besh Parmak ,

, ancl the local Greek name I find to be Pende Daktuloi , Thus , the Turkish , name has been taken , fz'om the Greek inhabitants , ancl to them has descended from the old Greeks , svhich meets the present case . Whether , as the meaning has been translated from Greek into Turkish , it descended

from some earlier language into Greek Ave have no means of deciding . ( To lie continued . )

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Ax enterprising publisher in GlasgOAV has introduced a now kind of note into music printing : tho head of the note , whether closed or open , bears a letter signifying the name of the note .