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Article PROVINCIAL GRAND CHAPTER OF KENT. ← Page 2 of 2 Article NOTABLE MANUFACTORIES. Page 1 of 2 Article NOTABLE MANUFACTORIES. Page 1 of 2 →
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Provincial Grand Chapter Of Kent.
do not succeed in pleasing every one , I hope I shall be able to phase the Grand Superintendent . I must , however , ask the companions to show a little forbearance towards me now that I have become a member of Provincial Grand Chapter . I think that every Arch Mason oug ht to aspire to doso , whatever the position may be ; and in the future arrangements that may be made I hope you
will feel assured that I have done my duty to the best of my ability , and , if only I have done that , a man can do no more . I hope to see the chapters in the province multiply ; I feel that every lodge ought to have its chapter ; and I think we ought to use our influence to bring that to pass . If we do not use that influence I think it will be a disappointment to our Grand
Superintendent . And with regard to the lodge entertaining us to . day , I feel that they must be very gratified to know that they have done their utmost for the interest of Royal Arch Masonry in this province on this occasion , and I am sure we must all be struck with the arrangements made for decorating this room , and the preparation of that for the Royal Arch Chapter to-day .
Comp . Bird ( Third Principal ) tho replied in a few appropriate words to this toast . Thc Chairman : 1 now ask you to drink " The Health cf the Officers of the Provincial Giand Chapter , Present and Past . " I trust that they will all be good enough to do their best to uphold the dignity of this Provincial Grand Chapter . If we secure the efforts of the Officers of Grand
Chapter we may reckon on an increase in our numbers and an increase in our prosperity . I am sorry to say the Provincial Grand Treasurer was compelled to leave early on account of a death in his family , which I regret to say dtpiives us of his company now . With this toast I shall couple the name of Comp . Warne . Comp . Warne , in returning thanks , said that while it
gratified bis ambition to become a member of Provincial Grand Chapter , there vvas still a deeper feeling of gratification in being considered woithy to receive the honour at his lordship's hands . He was pleased to see that one step had been taken ( or rather a flight o ! steps ) towards the admission of ladies on these occasions ; that day they were admitted to the gallery , but he lived to hope that they
would be in closer companionship on future days . The Chairman : Before the next song , as I am reluctantly obliged to leave very shortly , I wish to propose " The Health of the Principals and Past First Principals of the Pattison Chapter , 913 , the Receiving Chapter . " I regret that the weathtrhas been so unfavourable as to deprive us of the pleasure of enjoying the beauties of the
grounds , but I am sure that none who have attended this Provincial Grand Chapter can say that they have not been well received by the Pattison Chapter . Their arrangements have been most thoroughly satisfactory ; and I was anxious to give this toast myself , that I may heartily drink to the success and prosperity of thc Pattison Chapter .
Comp . Penfold , in replying , said that the Pattison Chapter was fully sensible of the honour conferred upon them hy the very kind and generous way in which his lordship had spoken of their reception of Provincial Grand Chapter , which was really on a moderate scale , because his lordship had been understood to say on a former occasion that it vvas not desirable for the different chapters to
try to cut each o ' . her out . That had been kept steadily in view by them , although , on the other hand , they had been most anxious to do what vvas requisite to maintain the dignity of Provincial Grand Chapter . At this period of the evening his lordship retired , amid the cheers of the co . npany . Comp . Robinson , having taken the chair , proposed " The
Health of the Visiting Companions , " coupled with the name of Comp . Bincke ? , Secretary of the Masonic Institution for Boys , who returned thanks . The Chairman said that though the toast was not in the programme he could not declare the meeting at an end without asking them to drink to "The Health of the
Ladies , " who had added grace to the occasion by their presence in the gallery . He trusted that on future occasions they would be able to imitate the example ( to which Comp . Birckes had referred ) that had been set at the last Boys' School Festival , when the ladies and brethren dined together . He should call upon Comp . Butter to respond to Ibis toast .
Comp . Butter thereupon ascended to the gallery , and said : On behalf of the ladief , I tender you our sincere thanks for the kind manner in which you have drunk our health . We consider it is a very long lane that has no turning , and we are glad to observe that the long lane of Masonry is taking a turn at last ; the mysteries of the banquet-room are at length revealed to us partially ; on
future occasions we hope for a closer acquaintance with them . With this we should be satisfied . We do not know what took place on the other side of that curtain , and we hope vou will btlievc—in spite of our reputation for curiosity—that we do not want to know . We know 'hat it is very impoitant business ; and when you come
home at 11 or 12 o'c ' ock—if not later—we do not mind , ""eltnow that you have been engaged on impoitant busies' * . These , I assure you , are our true sentiments ; but wc do hope that , if we do not object to your employing your time on important business , you , on the other band , will not be avirse to admitting us to participate in your banquets on future occasions .
. J ' ' - ' . IIWAV ' S PILLS AND OINTMENT . —Faultless Anti __. es . — Whateve r may be the iausc « of f « ve , diarrhoia , dysente'y , and nnilkr ailments , it is well ascertained that these diseases are am / isnt in sr . mmcr , and it should be as well known that they can e safeiy and successfully subdued by thtsc purifying preparation _ •oiiow _ y ' s Ointment , well-rubbed upon the entire abdomen , his bra . ta j ' ' ¦ "ernally , and bis dietaiy rules strictly observed , cmtold ; u , < lom * : s * ic and medical management of these diseases , rtiPMi cn """ - '" ted , weaken it they fail to prove fatal . These % \ St . >*<*<>** the causes of tomp ' alnt ftom the system , and no Un HI i ' u 5 . lher h , ' * dtneuse t « chronic or acuta , thould _ t »* i * lr " w _ l han -c-n givtn to thus m __ lelitci ..-A _ vr 1
Notable Manufactories.
NOTABLE MANUFACTORIES .
GEORGE KENNING , GOLD , SILVER , AND TINSEL LACE , EMBROIDERY , J EWELLERY , & C , LITTLE BRITAIN , FLEET-STREET , LIVERPOOL , MANCHESTER , AND GLASGOW * .
( From Land and Water . ) There is little likelihood that even the most civilised of mortals will ever become utterly indifferent to the wearing of decorative stuffs and materials . The love of finery is instinct in man , and those who speak disdainfully of the poor savage with his bead necklets , armlets , anklets , & c , are oftentimes the greatest offenders- in respect of the
very fault they condemn so severely . The Indian chief is not more proud of his tuft of feathers than -are some among us of the jewellery they wear so profusely . Even those who affect the severe simplicity of republicans bear a kind of negative testimony to the justice of this view , for it is the absence of the gewgaws which gives them a conspicuousness they would not otherwise receive .
Whereever , therefore , men do congregate together in cities and towns , there will be found both the much-desired emporiums for the sale of jewellery and the places where they are manufactured . And , further , we may be very certain that wherever there is a tolerably well-filled purse to draw upon , there will be frequent calls made upon it for the satisfaction of that particular desire for personal
adornment which , as we have said already , is so characteristic generally of the human race , especially in the case of that one moiety of it which constitutes the fair sex . Again , where in bodies of men there are different gradations of rank , & c , it is thought desirable , if not absolutely necessary , that the ensigns by which each is distinguished should be worn conspicuously on some part of the
uniform or dress , the making of these insignia will be sure to find a place among the recognised manufactures of the country . Societies which are formed for some special purpose , be it of simple pleasure or severe business , are likely to adopt some characteristic emblem . Even in the dry routine of everyday business it is often found expedient that people who are engaged in them should wear some
numerical or other badge by which it may be possible to distinguish individuals . All these requirements of modern times have necessitated what may almost be regarded as a new branch of trade , while , the love of personal display remaining at least as conspicuous as it ever has been , there are the same inducements for people to trade in those articles which tend to foster that love as ever . There is
this difference , perhaps : with at least an equal amount of taste and inventive power , the mechanical means at the command cf the manufacturer ate far more considerable , and far more ingenious , as well as far more complete than formerly . The steam-engine plays a conspicuous part in the manufacture of nine-tenths of the goods that arc turned out of our workshops . Nor has it lessened the
amount of manual labour which is also required . In a business of any extent it will be found there are as many hands employed as before . Thus , with the old inducements and the new , and with the old requirements supplemented by new , and oftentimes by others which are of great imporlance , it cannot be doubted there is a wide and ever-expanding field for the exercise of our energies , and with a fair field before him and no favour , a man mav in
a very few years build up a business of great proportions . In this insUnce , at all events , Mr . George Kenning has shown what he is capable of , and more than one provincial branch of his business bears testimony to the success ot his efforts . Be it our present purpose to describe the principal articles he manufactures , on so large a scale that , if we include the outdoor as well as the indoor staff of workers , we shall not be far wrong if we set them down at seveia ! hundreds .
GOLD AND SILVER LACE . First in order , if not in importance , in the several branches of Mr . Kenning ' s business must be mentioned the manufacture of the different kinds of lace , and it will doubtless interest our readers to learn briefly and free from all dry technicalities the various stages through which the metal passes before it reaches that rich and
effective material which plays so conspicuous a part in decorating the uniform of our military and naval officers , the quiet ar . d unpretentious as well as the more gorgeous State liveries of our gentlefolk , and what are commonly known as the regalia of our numerous societies , political and non-political , charitable , temperance , and the like . But few , perhaps , of those who at some time or other in
the course of their existence have donned a volunteer ' s uniform have ever given a thought to the time and labour bestowed on the manufacture of the badges of honour they may have earned , or the emblems of the rank they hold —the chevrons of the non-commissioned or the lace of the commissioned officer—nor are we aware if the study of lace manufacture and the art of embroidery has a place
in the mystic rites of the Oddfellows or the Antediluvian Buffaloes . Vet assuredly it is most interesting to go through the different workshops of Mr . Kenning where these things are made , and note the successive stages of their manufacture . Hand labour and mechanical labour both play their part , the motive power of the latter being a gas engine , which , if necessary , will work up to s-horse
power , while skilled men , women , and girls supply the former . But the goltl and the silver and the less precious but oftentimes as effective metals , how are these fashioned into such exquisite stuffs ? Well , the solid ingot having been iu the first place converted into wire of the requisite size , Ike process which is known as purl-making
beginsthat if , one enojr the simple wire is made fast to a fine steel needle , ___ is then passed rapidly by handwork through the machine on which it is placed , and , presto I the simple wite is exquisitely-wrought according to the particular pattern needed , and all ready for the embroideryroom , In the flatting-room the wire is flattened out by means of oteam rolleis , and then taken to the . pinning ' room , where the threads _ r < wound on tha braid machined
Notable Manufactories.
In the braiding department may be seen a great variety of these machines , each having a different number of spindles , and working , therefore , a different pattern of braid . It is very curious to watch the regularity and precision with which the bobbins keep moving round to the right and left , as the case may be , while , as the work is done by machinery , the braid when manufactured is
perfection itself . It is needless to say that all these processes are carried out methodically , and the utmost order prevails in each of the departments , while the machinery is carefully fenced round , so that , except in cases nf wilful stupidity or carelessness , it is impossible for an accident to take place . In the weaving-room are a number of looms , single and double shuttle , where is manufactured the gold
lace . In this , as indeed in the ether branches , the principal workfolk are young women and girls , whose labour is supeiintended by foremen of skill and experience . Other processes there are in the preparation of the different kinds of lace . Thus , there are embossing and crimping machines , the mere mention of which will suffice to indicate their respective purposes , and again some of the spindles are used in makin ? flat braid , and others braided cord .
EMBROIDERY DEPARTMENT . Having got our gold and silver thread and lace , we now enter the department where these materials are utilised . Thc quality of the work done in the embroidery department varies from the simplest to the most elaborate patterns . For the latter the designs are all drawn most carefully . They are then pricked out for the purpose of being affixed to the cloth
or silk or other material which lhey are intended to adorn , and then the pattern is worked in goltl , silver , cr both . All this is done by hand , veiy rapidly and very deftly we may be assured . Where a high relitf , as in the ctse of grenades , crowns , &_ ., is nicessary , there are several layeis of the cloth or other material placed uneler the design , while , in the case of such ordinary insignia as the chevron
the marksman ' s badge , & c , it is merely a case of stitching . Our readers will understand this description if we mention , for instance , such insignia as are worn on thc collars , caps , shakos- cic , of naval and military men , tbe devices on the banners and bannerettes of different societies , as well as on the sashes and belts worn by men of high rank in those sccietics . In the show
room we had submitted for our inspection several of these latter , and , as may be imagined , the effect was very pleasing , not to say brilliant ; in fart , were a number of them grouped about a hall or other building the rich hues ofthe cosily silks and velvets , set off with the gold and silver and precious stones or paste , woultl be even magnificent .
THE WORK ROOMS . Here are manufactured thc different articles , such as sashes , aprons , and the like , the rosettes , grenades , and more elaborate designs being also sewn on . Hen-, t < o , we saw the process of making tassels , such as are affixed to velvet cushions , sword knots , etc . Indeed , it is iu this depar . ment where the several parts of the numerous articles made in this establishment are completed . Both . in this and the preceding branch the work is done by females
COCKADES . The way in which these are made is very simple . The material us : d is leather . When the pattern has been punched out , it is placed in a pickle , and when dry , is again placed under the punch for the purpose of being fashioned into the necessary shape , additional pieces being jammed hard into the bosses , or raised paits . It is then dipped into another pickle , somewhat similar to the first ,
in order that the leather may be sufficiently hardened , this process being rendered necessary by the porous character of the material used , and if this and the former pickling are not well done , the result is a failure—in the first case as regards the colour , which must be a dead black , and in the second as regards the substantiality of the cockade . The different parts are then put together , and the cockade only needs a coat of varnish in order to be complete .
J EWELLERY DEPARTMENT . It is not our purpose to describe at any length the character of the woik done in this department , for the simple reason that those who are already informed of ihe interior economy of a jewel manufactory must be well advised of what is done in this . The distinctive feature of this branch of Mr . Kenning ' s establishment is the
amazing variety of the jewels manufactured for the different societies established in this country and our coloniesthe different Masonic bodies , the Order of Foresters , the Oddfellows , Orangemen , Ribbonmen , Good Templars , Buffaloes , & c , and as in each case the different grades of officers wear different jewels , while in many the rankand-file also carry a distinguishing symbol of the body
they belong to , it may be imagined that the work done in this branch embraces a far wider range ( in respect of variety at all events ) than is done in the workshops of an ordinary manufacturing jeweller . It were hardly possible to give an adequate idea of the effect produced by an array , such as may be seen here , of the quaint-looking—we use quaint in the sense of unaccustomed—devices in gold and
silver , squares , levels , plumbhnes , cross-pens , cross-keys , Maltese and every variety of cross , badges with enamelled centres , & c , to say nothing of the usual contents of the jeweller's tray , such as rings , chains , bracelets , and the gold , silver , and bronze medals and medallions which are awarded as prizes at schools and by agricultuial and other societies . One branch of this department is devoted to engraving , gilding , and plating . In the last two processes
are used , in the case of gilding , a Daniell ' s battery , containing a solution of sulphate of potassium—the foreman told us he had also tried the late Mr . Smee ' s batteries and found them most serviceable—while for plating a battery with bichromate of potassium is required . During our brief visit a few bars , such as are worn on the ribands of our war « medals , were subjected to the piocjess of gilding . Theis bats were hung to a piece of r . opper Wire , the latter portion being twisted so . » to form _ clt-lcd The- / ff . rt *
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Provincial Grand Chapter Of Kent.
do not succeed in pleasing every one , I hope I shall be able to phase the Grand Superintendent . I must , however , ask the companions to show a little forbearance towards me now that I have become a member of Provincial Grand Chapter . I think that every Arch Mason oug ht to aspire to doso , whatever the position may be ; and in the future arrangements that may be made I hope you
will feel assured that I have done my duty to the best of my ability , and , if only I have done that , a man can do no more . I hope to see the chapters in the province multiply ; I feel that every lodge ought to have its chapter ; and I think we ought to use our influence to bring that to pass . If we do not use that influence I think it will be a disappointment to our Grand
Superintendent . And with regard to the lodge entertaining us to . day , I feel that they must be very gratified to know that they have done their utmost for the interest of Royal Arch Masonry in this province on this occasion , and I am sure we must all be struck with the arrangements made for decorating this room , and the preparation of that for the Royal Arch Chapter to-day .
Comp . Bird ( Third Principal ) tho replied in a few appropriate words to this toast . Thc Chairman : 1 now ask you to drink " The Health cf the Officers of the Provincial Giand Chapter , Present and Past . " I trust that they will all be good enough to do their best to uphold the dignity of this Provincial Grand Chapter . If we secure the efforts of the Officers of Grand
Chapter we may reckon on an increase in our numbers and an increase in our prosperity . I am sorry to say the Provincial Grand Treasurer was compelled to leave early on account of a death in his family , which I regret to say dtpiives us of his company now . With this toast I shall couple the name of Comp . Warne . Comp . Warne , in returning thanks , said that while it
gratified bis ambition to become a member of Provincial Grand Chapter , there vvas still a deeper feeling of gratification in being considered woithy to receive the honour at his lordship's hands . He was pleased to see that one step had been taken ( or rather a flight o ! steps ) towards the admission of ladies on these occasions ; that day they were admitted to the gallery , but he lived to hope that they
would be in closer companionship on future days . The Chairman : Before the next song , as I am reluctantly obliged to leave very shortly , I wish to propose " The Health of the Principals and Past First Principals of the Pattison Chapter , 913 , the Receiving Chapter . " I regret that the weathtrhas been so unfavourable as to deprive us of the pleasure of enjoying the beauties of the
grounds , but I am sure that none who have attended this Provincial Grand Chapter can say that they have not been well received by the Pattison Chapter . Their arrangements have been most thoroughly satisfactory ; and I was anxious to give this toast myself , that I may heartily drink to the success and prosperity of thc Pattison Chapter .
Comp . Penfold , in replying , said that the Pattison Chapter was fully sensible of the honour conferred upon them hy the very kind and generous way in which his lordship had spoken of their reception of Provincial Grand Chapter , which was really on a moderate scale , because his lordship had been understood to say on a former occasion that it vvas not desirable for the different chapters to
try to cut each o ' . her out . That had been kept steadily in view by them , although , on the other hand , they had been most anxious to do what vvas requisite to maintain the dignity of Provincial Grand Chapter . At this period of the evening his lordship retired , amid the cheers of the co . npany . Comp . Robinson , having taken the chair , proposed " The
Health of the Visiting Companions , " coupled with the name of Comp . Bincke ? , Secretary of the Masonic Institution for Boys , who returned thanks . The Chairman said that though the toast was not in the programme he could not declare the meeting at an end without asking them to drink to "The Health of the
Ladies , " who had added grace to the occasion by their presence in the gallery . He trusted that on future occasions they would be able to imitate the example ( to which Comp . Birckes had referred ) that had been set at the last Boys' School Festival , when the ladies and brethren dined together . He should call upon Comp . Butter to respond to Ibis toast .
Comp . Butter thereupon ascended to the gallery , and said : On behalf of the ladief , I tender you our sincere thanks for the kind manner in which you have drunk our health . We consider it is a very long lane that has no turning , and we are glad to observe that the long lane of Masonry is taking a turn at last ; the mysteries of the banquet-room are at length revealed to us partially ; on
future occasions we hope for a closer acquaintance with them . With this we should be satisfied . We do not know what took place on the other side of that curtain , and we hope vou will btlievc—in spite of our reputation for curiosity—that we do not want to know . We know 'hat it is very impoitant business ; and when you come
home at 11 or 12 o'c ' ock—if not later—we do not mind , ""eltnow that you have been engaged on impoitant busies' * . These , I assure you , are our true sentiments ; but wc do hope that , if we do not object to your employing your time on important business , you , on the other band , will not be avirse to admitting us to participate in your banquets on future occasions .
. J ' ' - ' . IIWAV ' S PILLS AND OINTMENT . —Faultless Anti __. es . — Whateve r may be the iausc « of f « ve , diarrhoia , dysente'y , and nnilkr ailments , it is well ascertained that these diseases are am / isnt in sr . mmcr , and it should be as well known that they can e safeiy and successfully subdued by thtsc purifying preparation _ •oiiow _ y ' s Ointment , well-rubbed upon the entire abdomen , his bra . ta j ' ' ¦ "ernally , and bis dietaiy rules strictly observed , cmtold ; u , < lom * : s * ic and medical management of these diseases , rtiPMi cn """ - '" ted , weaken it they fail to prove fatal . These % \ St . >*<*<>** the causes of tomp ' alnt ftom the system , and no Un HI i ' u 5 . lher h , ' * dtneuse t « chronic or acuta , thould _ t »* i * lr " w _ l han -c-n givtn to thus m __ lelitci ..-A _ vr 1
Notable Manufactories.
NOTABLE MANUFACTORIES .
GEORGE KENNING , GOLD , SILVER , AND TINSEL LACE , EMBROIDERY , J EWELLERY , & C , LITTLE BRITAIN , FLEET-STREET , LIVERPOOL , MANCHESTER , AND GLASGOW * .
( From Land and Water . ) There is little likelihood that even the most civilised of mortals will ever become utterly indifferent to the wearing of decorative stuffs and materials . The love of finery is instinct in man , and those who speak disdainfully of the poor savage with his bead necklets , armlets , anklets , & c , are oftentimes the greatest offenders- in respect of the
very fault they condemn so severely . The Indian chief is not more proud of his tuft of feathers than -are some among us of the jewellery they wear so profusely . Even those who affect the severe simplicity of republicans bear a kind of negative testimony to the justice of this view , for it is the absence of the gewgaws which gives them a conspicuousness they would not otherwise receive .
Whereever , therefore , men do congregate together in cities and towns , there will be found both the much-desired emporiums for the sale of jewellery and the places where they are manufactured . And , further , we may be very certain that wherever there is a tolerably well-filled purse to draw upon , there will be frequent calls made upon it for the satisfaction of that particular desire for personal
adornment which , as we have said already , is so characteristic generally of the human race , especially in the case of that one moiety of it which constitutes the fair sex . Again , where in bodies of men there are different gradations of rank , & c , it is thought desirable , if not absolutely necessary , that the ensigns by which each is distinguished should be worn conspicuously on some part of the
uniform or dress , the making of these insignia will be sure to find a place among the recognised manufactures of the country . Societies which are formed for some special purpose , be it of simple pleasure or severe business , are likely to adopt some characteristic emblem . Even in the dry routine of everyday business it is often found expedient that people who are engaged in them should wear some
numerical or other badge by which it may be possible to distinguish individuals . All these requirements of modern times have necessitated what may almost be regarded as a new branch of trade , while , the love of personal display remaining at least as conspicuous as it ever has been , there are the same inducements for people to trade in those articles which tend to foster that love as ever . There is
this difference , perhaps : with at least an equal amount of taste and inventive power , the mechanical means at the command cf the manufacturer ate far more considerable , and far more ingenious , as well as far more complete than formerly . The steam-engine plays a conspicuous part in the manufacture of nine-tenths of the goods that arc turned out of our workshops . Nor has it lessened the
amount of manual labour which is also required . In a business of any extent it will be found there are as many hands employed as before . Thus , with the old inducements and the new , and with the old requirements supplemented by new , and oftentimes by others which are of great imporlance , it cannot be doubted there is a wide and ever-expanding field for the exercise of our energies , and with a fair field before him and no favour , a man mav in
a very few years build up a business of great proportions . In this insUnce , at all events , Mr . George Kenning has shown what he is capable of , and more than one provincial branch of his business bears testimony to the success ot his efforts . Be it our present purpose to describe the principal articles he manufactures , on so large a scale that , if we include the outdoor as well as the indoor staff of workers , we shall not be far wrong if we set them down at seveia ! hundreds .
GOLD AND SILVER LACE . First in order , if not in importance , in the several branches of Mr . Kenning ' s business must be mentioned the manufacture of the different kinds of lace , and it will doubtless interest our readers to learn briefly and free from all dry technicalities the various stages through which the metal passes before it reaches that rich and
effective material which plays so conspicuous a part in decorating the uniform of our military and naval officers , the quiet ar . d unpretentious as well as the more gorgeous State liveries of our gentlefolk , and what are commonly known as the regalia of our numerous societies , political and non-political , charitable , temperance , and the like . But few , perhaps , of those who at some time or other in
the course of their existence have donned a volunteer ' s uniform have ever given a thought to the time and labour bestowed on the manufacture of the badges of honour they may have earned , or the emblems of the rank they hold —the chevrons of the non-commissioned or the lace of the commissioned officer—nor are we aware if the study of lace manufacture and the art of embroidery has a place
in the mystic rites of the Oddfellows or the Antediluvian Buffaloes . Vet assuredly it is most interesting to go through the different workshops of Mr . Kenning where these things are made , and note the successive stages of their manufacture . Hand labour and mechanical labour both play their part , the motive power of the latter being a gas engine , which , if necessary , will work up to s-horse
power , while skilled men , women , and girls supply the former . But the goltl and the silver and the less precious but oftentimes as effective metals , how are these fashioned into such exquisite stuffs ? Well , the solid ingot having been iu the first place converted into wire of the requisite size , Ike process which is known as purl-making
beginsthat if , one enojr the simple wire is made fast to a fine steel needle , ___ is then passed rapidly by handwork through the machine on which it is placed , and , presto I the simple wite is exquisitely-wrought according to the particular pattern needed , and all ready for the embroideryroom , In the flatting-room the wire is flattened out by means of oteam rolleis , and then taken to the . pinning ' room , where the threads _ r < wound on tha braid machined
Notable Manufactories.
In the braiding department may be seen a great variety of these machines , each having a different number of spindles , and working , therefore , a different pattern of braid . It is very curious to watch the regularity and precision with which the bobbins keep moving round to the right and left , as the case may be , while , as the work is done by machinery , the braid when manufactured is
perfection itself . It is needless to say that all these processes are carried out methodically , and the utmost order prevails in each of the departments , while the machinery is carefully fenced round , so that , except in cases nf wilful stupidity or carelessness , it is impossible for an accident to take place . In the weaving-room are a number of looms , single and double shuttle , where is manufactured the gold
lace . In this , as indeed in the ether branches , the principal workfolk are young women and girls , whose labour is supeiintended by foremen of skill and experience . Other processes there are in the preparation of the different kinds of lace . Thus , there are embossing and crimping machines , the mere mention of which will suffice to indicate their respective purposes , and again some of the spindles are used in makin ? flat braid , and others braided cord .
EMBROIDERY DEPARTMENT . Having got our gold and silver thread and lace , we now enter the department where these materials are utilised . Thc quality of the work done in the embroidery department varies from the simplest to the most elaborate patterns . For the latter the designs are all drawn most carefully . They are then pricked out for the purpose of being affixed to the cloth
or silk or other material which lhey are intended to adorn , and then the pattern is worked in goltl , silver , cr both . All this is done by hand , veiy rapidly and very deftly we may be assured . Where a high relitf , as in the ctse of grenades , crowns , &_ ., is nicessary , there are several layeis of the cloth or other material placed uneler the design , while , in the case of such ordinary insignia as the chevron
the marksman ' s badge , & c , it is merely a case of stitching . Our readers will understand this description if we mention , for instance , such insignia as are worn on thc collars , caps , shakos- cic , of naval and military men , tbe devices on the banners and bannerettes of different societies , as well as on the sashes and belts worn by men of high rank in those sccietics . In the show
room we had submitted for our inspection several of these latter , and , as may be imagined , the effect was very pleasing , not to say brilliant ; in fart , were a number of them grouped about a hall or other building the rich hues ofthe cosily silks and velvets , set off with the gold and silver and precious stones or paste , woultl be even magnificent .
THE WORK ROOMS . Here are manufactured thc different articles , such as sashes , aprons , and the like , the rosettes , grenades , and more elaborate designs being also sewn on . Hen-, t < o , we saw the process of making tassels , such as are affixed to velvet cushions , sword knots , etc . Indeed , it is iu this depar . ment where the several parts of the numerous articles made in this establishment are completed . Both . in this and the preceding branch the work is done by females
COCKADES . The way in which these are made is very simple . The material us : d is leather . When the pattern has been punched out , it is placed in a pickle , and when dry , is again placed under the punch for the purpose of being fashioned into the necessary shape , additional pieces being jammed hard into the bosses , or raised paits . It is then dipped into another pickle , somewhat similar to the first ,
in order that the leather may be sufficiently hardened , this process being rendered necessary by the porous character of the material used , and if this and the former pickling are not well done , the result is a failure—in the first case as regards the colour , which must be a dead black , and in the second as regards the substantiality of the cockade . The different parts are then put together , and the cockade only needs a coat of varnish in order to be complete .
J EWELLERY DEPARTMENT . It is not our purpose to describe at any length the character of the woik done in this department , for the simple reason that those who are already informed of ihe interior economy of a jewel manufactory must be well advised of what is done in this . The distinctive feature of this branch of Mr . Kenning ' s establishment is the
amazing variety of the jewels manufactured for the different societies established in this country and our coloniesthe different Masonic bodies , the Order of Foresters , the Oddfellows , Orangemen , Ribbonmen , Good Templars , Buffaloes , & c , and as in each case the different grades of officers wear different jewels , while in many the rankand-file also carry a distinguishing symbol of the body
they belong to , it may be imagined that the work done in this branch embraces a far wider range ( in respect of variety at all events ) than is done in the workshops of an ordinary manufacturing jeweller . It were hardly possible to give an adequate idea of the effect produced by an array , such as may be seen here , of the quaint-looking—we use quaint in the sense of unaccustomed—devices in gold and
silver , squares , levels , plumbhnes , cross-pens , cross-keys , Maltese and every variety of cross , badges with enamelled centres , & c , to say nothing of the usual contents of the jeweller's tray , such as rings , chains , bracelets , and the gold , silver , and bronze medals and medallions which are awarded as prizes at schools and by agricultuial and other societies . One branch of this department is devoted to engraving , gilding , and plating . In the last two processes
are used , in the case of gilding , a Daniell ' s battery , containing a solution of sulphate of potassium—the foreman told us he had also tried the late Mr . Smee ' s batteries and found them most serviceable—while for plating a battery with bichromate of potassium is required . During our brief visit a few bars , such as are worn on the ribands of our war « medals , were subjected to the piocjess of gilding . Theis bats were hung to a piece of r . opper Wire , the latter portion being twisted so . » to form _ clt-lcd The- / ff . rt *