-
Articles/Ads
Article Original Correspondence. ← Page 2 of 3 Article Original Correspondence. Page 2 of 3 Article Original Correspondence. Page 2 of 3 →
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Original Correspondence.
February 19 th . J . H . is disgusted to find a W . M . incapable of performing the duties of a J . W ., and horrified to learn that another W . M . never visits a strange lodge because he could not remember the S . S . Similar anomalies are of but too frequent occurrence . In no other society or institution would
such a state of things be permitted ; ability alone would form the standard for promotion . Then why should it be suffered to exist in a Freemasons' lodge ? Men of intelligence rightly refuse to remain in a lodge governed by officers who , in most instances , have yet to learn the rudiments of their duties . It
is stated , and I have it on good authority , that in a first-rate City lodge , which is frequently honoured by four or five Grand Lodge officers among its visitors , that the two deacons are so incapable as to be obliged to retire from the lodge during the ceremonies , delegating to a brother—who is not in
office , but who understands the work—the task of doing duty for them , while one of the Wardens never makes his appearance ( I suppose from the same cause ) except at the banquet-table . Why is honoSr heaped upon ignorance , and skill allowed to remain unrewarded ? But is tin ' s an isolated case ?
Any one who has paid attention to this subject knows full well there arc many such ; and , then , in an after-dinner speech fulsome praise is bestowed upon these incapablcs by individuals who could only have been disgusted by the bungling way in which the business of the evening had been disposed of .
It is more than probable that my feeble attempt to direct attention to this crying evil will find no echo , but 1 am inspired by the hope that some able and influential brother will take up the cry and cause it to reverberate in every lodge , for if the evil is allowed to remain , the result can only be
detrimental in the end . In a late issue of THE FREEMASON a "Lover of Uniformity and Fair Play " computes that in his own province " at least 600 brethren have ceased to be subscribing members , " and assures us that " many of these would have been active and zealous Freemasons , and an
ornament to the Craft , but have withdrawn from attendance at lodges , disgusted with the careless working and management , and with the frequent spectacle of members totally incapable being pushed into office , while much more able brothers are left out in the cold . " The same writer
complains that " candidates are passed and raised , and never turned back to learn better , however imperfect their knowledge . '' Of course not ; laxity is the order of the day—points of importance lightly passed over , and the whole proceedings regarded simply as a matter of course . A candidate presents
himself to obtain a superior degree , the W . M . informs tlie lodge of the fact , but declares it necessary for the brother to give some proof of proficiency in the former degree . What a farce ! With but very few exceptions the candidate is quite . startled lo hear he will have to submit to an examination before he
can be permitted to take his next degree , but his anxiety speedily subsides when he finds the J . I ) , prompting ; and although the candidate , instead of displaying proficiency , manifests his complete ignorance of anything pertaining to the former degree , the W . M . cooly proceeds to advance him to lhe next . I do not know whether questions of this sort
arc of sufficient importance for the ( hand Lodge to take cognizance of , but it strikes me , interference from head quarters in this respect would be a step in the right direction , and could not fail to enhance the prosperity of the Craft . Yours fraternally , E . GO ' TTIIEIL .
( To the Editor of The Freemasci . ) DEAR SIR AND BROTHER , —From the fust I heard of Bro . Stevens' motion to promote this desirable object , I have felt a deep interest and desire to see its consummation , and have accordingly taken everv opportunity of attending lodges professing to
work under lhe two known systems , and I must confess that 1 have failed to discover a difference ( where either are worked properly ) to warrant the great task and possible failure of any interference with those systems . The different morals drawn from the same emblems are equally good and
appropriate . The greatest difference existing from the innovations made by imperfectly working cither systems and setting up a ritual peculiar to the W . M ., who has not taken the trouble to qualify himself for the honour all are anxious to attain , but not so willing to make any great effort to grace . How
many W . M . ' s after scrambling through the chair absent themselves from furtherwoikorinlcrest in the lodge , being content to dub the P . M . after their name and accept all the privileges conferred by il without further trouble ? and how often is it the practice to use the stereotype phrase " if time will permit " as
an excuse for the non-performance of part of his duty , so very essential to the instruction of the candidate passing from one degree to the other , simply from his incapacity to perform it ? And what is the consequence ? I will tell you my experience at two lodges . At one , known for its careful and perfect
Original Correspondence.
working , I observed the candidate deeply affected , and I afterwards heard him say that the impression made on his mind was such as he hoped neither time nor circumstances would ever efface , and could not fail to be productive of the most serious reflection , and the practise of those moral virtues so
strongly enjoined . I was also present , not long since , at the initiation of a brother with whom I afterwards walked home , and I felt all the humiliation of hearing him say , that had it not been for the feelings of respect he had for his proposer , he would have left the lodge in the middle of the ceremony ,
as he felt so disgusted with the levity and the disconnected jargon made of the ceremony . What can be more painful than witnessing a W . M . being prompted at every few words , then trying back , and leaving out entire sentences , causing the whole to be incomprehensible , and making what is a most
beautiful ceremony a ridiculous farce ? Would a uniformity or authorised ritual ensure a better state of things ? Bro . Stevens , for whom I entertain a great respect and appreciation of his commendable desire to remedy any defects in lodge working , I am sure will not misjudge me when I say , after careful
consideration of tlie whole subject , I think it would be more to the interests of the Craft to adopt the suggestion of Bro . Gotthcil , to make a certificate of efficiency from a Board of P . M . ' s or Preceptors a necessary qualification for the Chair of K . S . ; and further , that every Master should at least be able to
instal his successor , and truly instruct and employ his brethren in ail that a candidate should be instiucted in , and not let him hear for the first time in a Lodge of Instruction what it was the duty of his Master to have taught him in passing through the several degrees . Then would a Master appoint
only such officers as could efficiently assist him , and each in their turn would become qualified for the succeeding office . Then the usual routine could be carried out without discredit to the lodge , and young members would have an incentive to study those ceremonies which , if delivered with a proper gravity
and sober earnestness , as they deserve to be , I think would be productive of more real and practical results , and spare us Irom the annoying comments too often heard from members of our honourable , ancient , and royal institution . Apologising for the length of my observations , I remain dear Sir and Brother , yours fraternally ,
W . E . GOMPERTZ . Past G . P . Herts ., W . M . 86 9 [ The publication of ihis letter has been unavoidablj delayed]—Eu . /• :
FREEMASONS' LIFE BOAT FUND . ( To the Editor of The Freemason . ) DEAR Sin AND BROTHER , —The writer of a letter , in your last issue , signed W . M .. desires to be made acquainted with certain facts relating lo nn attempt made some three years ago , to establish a
Masonic Life Boat . Permit me to assure W . M . and the brethren generally , that neither Bro . S . Davis , who suggested tlie idea , myself , nor any of the committee ( except perhaps Bros . Thomas and Stevens , who as yet have taken no active part in the matter ) were at all
cognizant of any previous essay in a similar direction , until soine ' lctters respecting it were published in recent numbers of THE FREEMASON . When this fact became known to me , and an appeal to the Craft bad been resolved upon by the committee , I deemed it expedient to insert that clause in the
circular which served W . M . for his text , but it was simply meant to inform intending subscribers that the present movement was entirely distinct from anything of the same soil that may have been formerly contemplated . I pass by the ungenerous insinuations your
correspondent thought proper to indulge in , and only stay lo wonder—assuming ours to be an " opposition" committee as W . M . suggests—by what method of reasoning he arrived at the conclusion that wc possess tlie power to dispose of a fund collected three years ago by individuals who , 1 distinctly
state in my circular , have no connection whatever with our undertaking . 1 should imagine that the elucidation of lhe questions propounded by W . M . could only be obtained by applying to the " Masonic Mirror , '' or to the " Illustrious" brethren under whose auspices the former movement was
conducted ; .-ind il seems to me that W . M . knows more about thai affair than he leads us to suspect , for according to his own statement he took great interest in it . I trust , however , W . M . will assist us in what is now being attempted , and am obliged to him for affor . ling me the opportunity lo state publicly that our committee is composed of
practical business-men , of good social position—most of them of no eminence in the Craft , but of known integrity—who , anticipating the hearty support of every humanely disposed brother , arc determined to succeed . 1 am , yours fraternally , E . GOTTIIEJL , P . M . 141 . Hon . Sec . lo the Committee .
Original Correspondence.
( To the Editor of The Freemason . ) DEAR SIR AND BROTHER , —As the promoter of the above movement I herein annex a copy of my letter published in the Jewish Record , November 19 th , 1869 , which I deem will be a full answer to the letter in yours of this date , bearing the
signature W . M . I shall deem it a favour by your finding space for the same in your next , which will greatly oblige , Yours fraternally . March 12 , 1 S 70 . S . DAVIS ' , Faith , 141 . A Masonic Life Boat . —To the Masonic Brotherhood .
Brothers , —In March , 1 S 67 , I wrote a letter which was published in the Jewish Press , under the heading of " A Suggestion for a Life Boat . " From the great good effected under a Divine Providence in the late disastrous gales by Life Boats at their various stations , in preserving the lives of so many persons ( vide Daily Telegraph ,
October 23 rd , 1869 ) , 1 am induced to ask your cooperation with the following gentlemen and myself , by your subscriptions , that we may present the National Life Boat Society with a boat worthy the brotherhood . I am satisfied that had I have been in the position earlier to ask your assistance in the above movement , so great a public
good would not have lain dormant so long . I must ask our brothers in the United States of America , Canada , and Australia , to think of the out and homeward-bound vessels , and the many casualties that occur in Hearing and leaving our shores , that they may assist us with their subscriptions , which will he thankfully received hy lhe following gentlemen of the committee .
Bros . A . E . Harris , P . M . ( 141 ) , 136 , Mile-end-road , ,, E . Gotthcil , P . M . ( 141 ) , 120 , Mile-end-road , ,, Charles Davis ( 223 ) , II , Scarborough-street , E ., ,, M . Maims ( 18 S ) , 12 , Scarborough-street , E ., ,, B . Salamons ( 141 ) , 241 , Edgware-ioad , W ., at the office of the Jewish Record , and by Yours respectfully , S . DAtis ( 141 ) , 4 , John-street , Jubilee-street , Commercial-road , E .
HIRAM AB 1 F . ( To the Editor of The Freemason . ) DEAR SIR AND BROTHER , —I hardly know where we are in the amicable controversy about Hiram Abif . Brother Stolz , who unduly depreciates his own learning and ability , while he unduly magnifies
mine , has contributed a second article on the subject , which , though instructive on one point ; t ' . «\ the high or notable character of the Hiram family in their vocation or calling , does not , I venture to submit , supply any additional reason for calling the Hiram sent by the King of Tyre to Solomon ,
Hiram Abif . He speaks , indeed , of the reason whyhe should have been called Abif at the time of the building of the Temple , but he has omitted to mention the reason , or to show why " the addition was suitable . " On the contrary , he seems to give up the point , for he writes , " the English Bible gives the literal translation of the words , i ^ SA Q- ^ n
Hit ram Abi , Huram my father ; that is to say , he is a very clever builder , and is the builder of my father —the best man he could send him . " H . M . fears that I misapprehended the drift of his former letter . I do not think that I did so , nor do I think he " failed to convey his meaning as clearly as might be desired . " That Hiram of . Kings and Huram of Chronicles is one and the
same person there is no doubt , the letters van " \ and yod \ being interchanged , as Brother Stolz says they often are ; and I understood H . M . to argue that the words following the names Hiram and Huram in Kings and Chronicles , i . e . Abiu and Abi , had been rendered in the English Bible by
equivalent terms , his father and my father , whereas the German and the Swedish versions had taken them as proper names . I took this to be his meaning , and I still think it is ; and , moreover , I think that he repeats it in the second communication . My reply was and is , that the English
translators had done what was right , and that there was no reason why they should take the two words Abiu and Abi to be a proper , and the same , name , and convert them respectively into Abif . My argument was , that wc cannot set up the authority of the German and Swedish versions against the
original text ; and that Hiram Abut and Huram . // ' /' are simply Hiram his father , and Huram my father , and not Hiram or Huram Abif . He was Hiram or Huram a widow ' s son , whose father was a man of Tyre , and who was , no doubt , like himself , famous as a worker in metals .
Brother Stolz finds in 2 Chronicles , ii . 14 , what be believes puts me in the wrong in disputing Hiram ' s claim to be regarded as a Mason . He says that I prove from the text " what kind of a man Solomon required of the King of Tyre ;" namely , " a man cunning , " that is , experienced ,
skilful , what wc should deem an accomplished and expert workman , "to work in gold and in silver , and in brass , and in iron , and in purple , and crimson and blue ; and that is skilful to grave with those who arc so skilled , and which 1 have with me in Judah and in Jerusalem , whom David my father did provide , " but he refers me to the kind of man king Hiram sent , as described 2
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Original Correspondence.
February 19 th . J . H . is disgusted to find a W . M . incapable of performing the duties of a J . W ., and horrified to learn that another W . M . never visits a strange lodge because he could not remember the S . S . Similar anomalies are of but too frequent occurrence . In no other society or institution would
such a state of things be permitted ; ability alone would form the standard for promotion . Then why should it be suffered to exist in a Freemasons' lodge ? Men of intelligence rightly refuse to remain in a lodge governed by officers who , in most instances , have yet to learn the rudiments of their duties . It
is stated , and I have it on good authority , that in a first-rate City lodge , which is frequently honoured by four or five Grand Lodge officers among its visitors , that the two deacons are so incapable as to be obliged to retire from the lodge during the ceremonies , delegating to a brother—who is not in
office , but who understands the work—the task of doing duty for them , while one of the Wardens never makes his appearance ( I suppose from the same cause ) except at the banquet-table . Why is honoSr heaped upon ignorance , and skill allowed to remain unrewarded ? But is tin ' s an isolated case ?
Any one who has paid attention to this subject knows full well there arc many such ; and , then , in an after-dinner speech fulsome praise is bestowed upon these incapablcs by individuals who could only have been disgusted by the bungling way in which the business of the evening had been disposed of .
It is more than probable that my feeble attempt to direct attention to this crying evil will find no echo , but 1 am inspired by the hope that some able and influential brother will take up the cry and cause it to reverberate in every lodge , for if the evil is allowed to remain , the result can only be
detrimental in the end . In a late issue of THE FREEMASON a "Lover of Uniformity and Fair Play " computes that in his own province " at least 600 brethren have ceased to be subscribing members , " and assures us that " many of these would have been active and zealous Freemasons , and an
ornament to the Craft , but have withdrawn from attendance at lodges , disgusted with the careless working and management , and with the frequent spectacle of members totally incapable being pushed into office , while much more able brothers are left out in the cold . " The same writer
complains that " candidates are passed and raised , and never turned back to learn better , however imperfect their knowledge . '' Of course not ; laxity is the order of the day—points of importance lightly passed over , and the whole proceedings regarded simply as a matter of course . A candidate presents
himself to obtain a superior degree , the W . M . informs tlie lodge of the fact , but declares it necessary for the brother to give some proof of proficiency in the former degree . What a farce ! With but very few exceptions the candidate is quite . startled lo hear he will have to submit to an examination before he
can be permitted to take his next degree , but his anxiety speedily subsides when he finds the J . I ) , prompting ; and although the candidate , instead of displaying proficiency , manifests his complete ignorance of anything pertaining to the former degree , the W . M . cooly proceeds to advance him to lhe next . I do not know whether questions of this sort
arc of sufficient importance for the ( hand Lodge to take cognizance of , but it strikes me , interference from head quarters in this respect would be a step in the right direction , and could not fail to enhance the prosperity of the Craft . Yours fraternally , E . GO ' TTIIEIL .
( To the Editor of The Freemasci . ) DEAR SIR AND BROTHER , —From the fust I heard of Bro . Stevens' motion to promote this desirable object , I have felt a deep interest and desire to see its consummation , and have accordingly taken everv opportunity of attending lodges professing to
work under lhe two known systems , and I must confess that 1 have failed to discover a difference ( where either are worked properly ) to warrant the great task and possible failure of any interference with those systems . The different morals drawn from the same emblems are equally good and
appropriate . The greatest difference existing from the innovations made by imperfectly working cither systems and setting up a ritual peculiar to the W . M ., who has not taken the trouble to qualify himself for the honour all are anxious to attain , but not so willing to make any great effort to grace . How
many W . M . ' s after scrambling through the chair absent themselves from furtherwoikorinlcrest in the lodge , being content to dub the P . M . after their name and accept all the privileges conferred by il without further trouble ? and how often is it the practice to use the stereotype phrase " if time will permit " as
an excuse for the non-performance of part of his duty , so very essential to the instruction of the candidate passing from one degree to the other , simply from his incapacity to perform it ? And what is the consequence ? I will tell you my experience at two lodges . At one , known for its careful and perfect
Original Correspondence.
working , I observed the candidate deeply affected , and I afterwards heard him say that the impression made on his mind was such as he hoped neither time nor circumstances would ever efface , and could not fail to be productive of the most serious reflection , and the practise of those moral virtues so
strongly enjoined . I was also present , not long since , at the initiation of a brother with whom I afterwards walked home , and I felt all the humiliation of hearing him say , that had it not been for the feelings of respect he had for his proposer , he would have left the lodge in the middle of the ceremony ,
as he felt so disgusted with the levity and the disconnected jargon made of the ceremony . What can be more painful than witnessing a W . M . being prompted at every few words , then trying back , and leaving out entire sentences , causing the whole to be incomprehensible , and making what is a most
beautiful ceremony a ridiculous farce ? Would a uniformity or authorised ritual ensure a better state of things ? Bro . Stevens , for whom I entertain a great respect and appreciation of his commendable desire to remedy any defects in lodge working , I am sure will not misjudge me when I say , after careful
consideration of tlie whole subject , I think it would be more to the interests of the Craft to adopt the suggestion of Bro . Gotthcil , to make a certificate of efficiency from a Board of P . M . ' s or Preceptors a necessary qualification for the Chair of K . S . ; and further , that every Master should at least be able to
instal his successor , and truly instruct and employ his brethren in ail that a candidate should be instiucted in , and not let him hear for the first time in a Lodge of Instruction what it was the duty of his Master to have taught him in passing through the several degrees . Then would a Master appoint
only such officers as could efficiently assist him , and each in their turn would become qualified for the succeeding office . Then the usual routine could be carried out without discredit to the lodge , and young members would have an incentive to study those ceremonies which , if delivered with a proper gravity
and sober earnestness , as they deserve to be , I think would be productive of more real and practical results , and spare us Irom the annoying comments too often heard from members of our honourable , ancient , and royal institution . Apologising for the length of my observations , I remain dear Sir and Brother , yours fraternally ,
W . E . GOMPERTZ . Past G . P . Herts ., W . M . 86 9 [ The publication of ihis letter has been unavoidablj delayed]—Eu . /• :
FREEMASONS' LIFE BOAT FUND . ( To the Editor of The Freemason . ) DEAR Sin AND BROTHER , —The writer of a letter , in your last issue , signed W . M .. desires to be made acquainted with certain facts relating lo nn attempt made some three years ago , to establish a
Masonic Life Boat . Permit me to assure W . M . and the brethren generally , that neither Bro . S . Davis , who suggested tlie idea , myself , nor any of the committee ( except perhaps Bros . Thomas and Stevens , who as yet have taken no active part in the matter ) were at all
cognizant of any previous essay in a similar direction , until soine ' lctters respecting it were published in recent numbers of THE FREEMASON . When this fact became known to me , and an appeal to the Craft bad been resolved upon by the committee , I deemed it expedient to insert that clause in the
circular which served W . M . for his text , but it was simply meant to inform intending subscribers that the present movement was entirely distinct from anything of the same soil that may have been formerly contemplated . I pass by the ungenerous insinuations your
correspondent thought proper to indulge in , and only stay lo wonder—assuming ours to be an " opposition" committee as W . M . suggests—by what method of reasoning he arrived at the conclusion that wc possess tlie power to dispose of a fund collected three years ago by individuals who , 1 distinctly
state in my circular , have no connection whatever with our undertaking . 1 should imagine that the elucidation of lhe questions propounded by W . M . could only be obtained by applying to the " Masonic Mirror , '' or to the " Illustrious" brethren under whose auspices the former movement was
conducted ; .-ind il seems to me that W . M . knows more about thai affair than he leads us to suspect , for according to his own statement he took great interest in it . I trust , however , W . M . will assist us in what is now being attempted , and am obliged to him for affor . ling me the opportunity lo state publicly that our committee is composed of
practical business-men , of good social position—most of them of no eminence in the Craft , but of known integrity—who , anticipating the hearty support of every humanely disposed brother , arc determined to succeed . 1 am , yours fraternally , E . GOTTIIEJL , P . M . 141 . Hon . Sec . lo the Committee .
Original Correspondence.
( To the Editor of The Freemason . ) DEAR SIR AND BROTHER , —As the promoter of the above movement I herein annex a copy of my letter published in the Jewish Record , November 19 th , 1869 , which I deem will be a full answer to the letter in yours of this date , bearing the
signature W . M . I shall deem it a favour by your finding space for the same in your next , which will greatly oblige , Yours fraternally . March 12 , 1 S 70 . S . DAVIS ' , Faith , 141 . A Masonic Life Boat . —To the Masonic Brotherhood .
Brothers , —In March , 1 S 67 , I wrote a letter which was published in the Jewish Press , under the heading of " A Suggestion for a Life Boat . " From the great good effected under a Divine Providence in the late disastrous gales by Life Boats at their various stations , in preserving the lives of so many persons ( vide Daily Telegraph ,
October 23 rd , 1869 ) , 1 am induced to ask your cooperation with the following gentlemen and myself , by your subscriptions , that we may present the National Life Boat Society with a boat worthy the brotherhood . I am satisfied that had I have been in the position earlier to ask your assistance in the above movement , so great a public
good would not have lain dormant so long . I must ask our brothers in the United States of America , Canada , and Australia , to think of the out and homeward-bound vessels , and the many casualties that occur in Hearing and leaving our shores , that they may assist us with their subscriptions , which will he thankfully received hy lhe following gentlemen of the committee .
Bros . A . E . Harris , P . M . ( 141 ) , 136 , Mile-end-road , ,, E . Gotthcil , P . M . ( 141 ) , 120 , Mile-end-road , ,, Charles Davis ( 223 ) , II , Scarborough-street , E ., ,, M . Maims ( 18 S ) , 12 , Scarborough-street , E ., ,, B . Salamons ( 141 ) , 241 , Edgware-ioad , W ., at the office of the Jewish Record , and by Yours respectfully , S . DAtis ( 141 ) , 4 , John-street , Jubilee-street , Commercial-road , E .
HIRAM AB 1 F . ( To the Editor of The Freemason . ) DEAR SIR AND BROTHER , —I hardly know where we are in the amicable controversy about Hiram Abif . Brother Stolz , who unduly depreciates his own learning and ability , while he unduly magnifies
mine , has contributed a second article on the subject , which , though instructive on one point ; t ' . «\ the high or notable character of the Hiram family in their vocation or calling , does not , I venture to submit , supply any additional reason for calling the Hiram sent by the King of Tyre to Solomon ,
Hiram Abif . He speaks , indeed , of the reason whyhe should have been called Abif at the time of the building of the Temple , but he has omitted to mention the reason , or to show why " the addition was suitable . " On the contrary , he seems to give up the point , for he writes , " the English Bible gives the literal translation of the words , i ^ SA Q- ^ n
Hit ram Abi , Huram my father ; that is to say , he is a very clever builder , and is the builder of my father —the best man he could send him . " H . M . fears that I misapprehended the drift of his former letter . I do not think that I did so , nor do I think he " failed to convey his meaning as clearly as might be desired . " That Hiram of . Kings and Huram of Chronicles is one and the
same person there is no doubt , the letters van " \ and yod \ being interchanged , as Brother Stolz says they often are ; and I understood H . M . to argue that the words following the names Hiram and Huram in Kings and Chronicles , i . e . Abiu and Abi , had been rendered in the English Bible by
equivalent terms , his father and my father , whereas the German and the Swedish versions had taken them as proper names . I took this to be his meaning , and I still think it is ; and , moreover , I think that he repeats it in the second communication . My reply was and is , that the English
translators had done what was right , and that there was no reason why they should take the two words Abiu and Abi to be a proper , and the same , name , and convert them respectively into Abif . My argument was , that wc cannot set up the authority of the German and Swedish versions against the
original text ; and that Hiram Abut and Huram . // ' /' are simply Hiram his father , and Huram my father , and not Hiram or Huram Abif . He was Hiram or Huram a widow ' s son , whose father was a man of Tyre , and who was , no doubt , like himself , famous as a worker in metals .
Brother Stolz finds in 2 Chronicles , ii . 14 , what be believes puts me in the wrong in disputing Hiram ' s claim to be regarded as a Mason . He says that I prove from the text " what kind of a man Solomon required of the King of Tyre ;" namely , " a man cunning , " that is , experienced ,
skilful , what wc should deem an accomplished and expert workman , "to work in gold and in silver , and in brass , and in iron , and in purple , and crimson and blue ; and that is skilful to grave with those who arc so skilled , and which 1 have with me in Judah and in Jerusalem , whom David my father did provide , " but he refers me to the kind of man king Hiram sent , as described 2