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Article TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page 1 of 1 Article FREEMASONRY IN ENGLAND. Page 1 of 2 Article FREEMASONRY IN ENGLAND. Page 1 of 2 Article FREEMASONRY IN ENGLAND. Page 1 of 2 →
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Table Of Contents.
TABLE OF CONTENTS .
PAGE FREEMASONRY IN ENGLAND 349 & 350 GRAND LODGE OF MARK MASTERS 350 PROV . GRAND CHAPTER OF ROYAL ARCH MASONS , YORKSHIRE 350 THE CRAFT
Metropolitan 351 Provincial 35-1 cS- 352 SUMMER FESTIVAL OF THE TEMPLE LODGE ... 352 CONSECRATION OF LEBANON LODGE , No . 1326 ... 352 SCOTLAND
Consecration of St . Johnstoun R . A . Chapter , 134 , at Perth ' . 352 WEST LANCASHIRE MASONIC RELIEF COMMITTEE 352 UNION BETWEEN THE UNRECOCNISED DEGREES 353 FRATERS ROSICRUCIAN / E SOCIETATIS IN ANGLIA 3 S 3
LODGE OF BENEVOLENCE ... 353 STEPHEN BLAIR ,. ... 353 MASONIC PICNIC 35 , BIRTHS , MARRIAGES , AND DEATHS 354 SWEDISH MASONRY 354 MULTUM IN PARVO 354 & 355 ANNUAL FETE OF THE MASONIC INSTITUTION
FOR Bovs 355 , 356 , & 357 ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCEA Belief in God and a Future Resurrection , & C . 357 "Is Freemasonry Sectarian ? " .. 357 The Recent Royal Visit to Reading ... ... 357 Ardrossan Neptune Kilwinning and its Detractors 357 & 358
Henry Price Once More 35 8 " Prince" Rhodocanakis 35 S THE GIFT LIFEBOATS OF THE NATIONAL LIFE - BOAT INSTITUTION 359 POETRY" The Tear-Cup "—A German Legend ... 359 MASONIC MEETINGS FOR NEXT WEEK 359
Freemasonry In England.
FREEMASONRY IN ENGLAND .
Bv THE SON OF SALATHIEL . ( Continued from page 337 J - BEFORE THE SCHISM . Under the false appellation of the York banner the new G . Lodge gained the countenance of the Scotch and Irish Masons , who , placing implicit
confidence 111 thc representations made to them , heartily joined in condemning thc measures of thc regular lodges in London , as tending , in their opinion , to introduce novelties into the Society , and to subvert the original plan of thc institution . The irregular Masons in London having thus acquired a
nominal establishment , noblemen of both kingdoms , unacquainted with the origin of the separation , honoured them with their patronage , and some respectable names and lodges were added to their list .
During the presidency of Lord Raymond no considerable addition was made to the list of lodges , nor were the communications often honoured with the company of the nobility . His lordship granted only one deputation for a Provincial Grand Master during his presidency : viz ., for Savoy and
Piedmont . The Earl of Kintore succeeded Lord Raymond in April , 1740 ; and , in imitation of his predecessor , continued to discourage irregularities . His lordship appointed several Provincials , particularly one for Russia , one for Hamburgh and the Circle of Lower
Saxony , one for the AVest Riding of York ( in the room of AVilliam Horton , Esq ., deceased ) , and one for the island of Barbadocs . The Earl of Morton was elected on the 19 th of March following , and installed with great solemnity the same day at Haberdashers' Hall , in presence
of a respectable company of thc nobility , foreign ambassadors , and others . Several seasonable laws were passed during his lordship ' s Mastership , and some regulations made concerning processions and other ceremonies . His lordship presented a staff of office to the Treasurer , of neat workmanship , blue and tipped with gold ; and the Grand Lodge resolved
that this officer should be annually elected , and , with the Secretary and Sword-bearer , be permitted to rank in future as a member of thc Grand Lodge . A large cornelian seal , with the arms of Masonry set in gold , was presented to the Society at this time by Bro . AVilliam A *" aughan , the Senior Grand AVarden , who was appointed by his lordship Provincial Grand Master for North AA ' ales .
Lord AVard succeeded the Earl of Morton in April , 1742 . His lordship , being well acquainted with the nature and government of the Society , having served every office from thc Secretary in a private lodge to that of Grand Master , lost no time in applying effectual remedies to reconcile the
animosities which prevailed . He recommended to his officers vigilance and care in their different departments , and by his conduct set a noble example how the dignity of the Society ought to be supported . Many lodges which were in a declining state , by his advice coalesced with others in better
Freemasonry In England.
circumstances ; some which had been negligent in their attendance on the Communications , after proper admonitions , were restored to favours , and others which persevered in their contumacy were erased from the list . Thus his lordship manifested a sincere regard for the interests of the Society , while his lenity and forbearance were universally admired .
The unanimity and harmony of thc lodges seemed to be perfectly restored under his lordship ' s administration . The Freemasons at Antigua built a large hall in that island for their meetings , and applied to the Grand Lodge for liberty to be styled the Great Lodge of St . John ' s in Antigua , which
favour was granted to them in April , 1744 . Lord AVard continued two years at the head of the Fraternity , during which time he constituted many lodges , and appointed several Provincial Grand Masters—viz ., one for Lancaster , one for North America , and three for the island of Jamaica .
He was succeeded by the Earl of Strathmore , during whose administration , he being absent the whole time , the care and management of the Society devolved on the other Grand Officers , who carefully studied thc general good of the Fraternity . His lordship appointed a Provincial Grand Master for the island of Bermuda .
Lord Cranstoun was elected Grand Master in April , 1745 , and presided over the Fraternity with great reputation two years . Under his auspices Masonry flourished , several new lodges were constituted , and one Provincial Grand Master was appointed for Cape Breton and Louisbourg . By
a resolution of the Grand Lodge at this time it was ordered that public processions on feast days should be discontinued—occasioned by some mock processions which a few disgusted brethren had formed in order to burlesque those public appearances . Lord Byron succeeded Lord Cranstoun , and was
installed at Drapers' Hall on the 30 th of April , 1747 . The laws of thc Committee of Charity were , by his lordship ' s order , revised , printed , and distributed among the lodges , and a handsome contribution to the general charity was received from the lodge at Gibraltar . During five years that his
lordship presided over the Fraternity , no diligence was spared to preserve the privileges of the Order inviolate , to redress grievances , and to relieve distress . When business required his lordship ' s attendance in the country , Fotherly Baker , Esq ., his Deputy , and Secretary Revis were particularly
attentive to the business of the Society . The former was distinguished by his knowledge of the laws and regulations ; the latter , by his long and faithful services . Under the auspices of Lord Byron , provincial patents were issued for Denmark and Norway , Pennsylvania , Minorca , and New York .
On the 20 th of March , 1752 , Lord Carysfort accepted the office of Grand Master . The good effects of his lordship ' s application to the real interests of the Fraternity soon became visible by the great increase of thc public fund . No Grand Officer ever took more pains to preserve , or was
more attentive to recommend , order and decorum . He was ready on every occasion to visit the lodges in person , and to promote harmony among thc members . Dr . Manningham , his Deputy , was no less vigilant in the execution of his duty . He constantly visited the lodges in his lordship's absence ,
and used every endeavour to cement union among the brethren . The whole proceedings of this active officer was conducted with prudence , and his candour and affability gained him universal esteem . The Grand Master ' s attachment to the Society was so obvious that the brethren , in testimony of
gratitude for his lordship ' s great services , re-elected him on the 3 rd of April , 1753 , and during his presidency provincial patents were issued for Gibraltar , thc Bahama Islands , New York , Guernsey , Jersey , Aldcrney , Sark , and Mann ; also for Cornwall and the counties of AA ' orcester , Gloucester , Salop ,
Monmouth , and Hereford . At this time the Society in Scotland appears to have been in a very flourishing state . Under the auspices of George Drummond , Esq ., thc Grand Master of thc Masons in that kingdom , the lodges had considerably increased in numbers . This
gentleman had thrice served the office of Lord Provost of Edinburgh ; and being at the head of the senate in that city , he wasanxious to promote every scheme which could add to thc consequence and splendour of the metropolis of his native country . AVith this view he planned and afterwards completed that
elegant range of buildings called the NcwExchange of Edinburgh , the foundation stone of which he laid on the 13 th of September , 1753 , as Grand Master . An event so remarkable in the annals of Masonry justly merits attention , and cannot fail to render an account of a ceremony so splendid and conducted
with so much regularity interesting to every brother who has the honour of the Society at heart . Early in the morningof the day appointed for the celebration of this ceremony a magnificent triumphal arch in the true Augustan style was opened to public view . It was erected at the entrance
Freemasonry In England.
leading towards the place where thc foundation stone of the intended building was to be laid . In thc niches between the columns on each side of the entrance were two figures representing Geometry and Architecture , each as large as life . On the frieze of the entablature , which was of the Corinthian order , were the following words : " Quod
felixfaustumquc sit ; " " That it may be happy arid prosperous . " On the middle panel of the attic base , placed over the entablature , was represented the Genius of Edinburgh in a curule chair under a canopy . On her right hand stood a group of figures repi-esentating the Lord Provost , magistrates , and council in their robes ,- on her left was another
group representing the noblemen and gentlemen employed in the direction of the intended structure . In front was placed thc Grand Master offering a plan of the Exchange , attended by several of his brethren properly clothed . Thewholewas decorated with laurels , bays , and other evergreens , interspersed with festoons of flowers .
At three o ' clock in the afternoon the several lodges , with their Masters at their heads , met at Mary ' s Chapel in Niddry ' s AVind , and at half-past three the procession began to move from the chapel in the following order , the city guard covering the
rear : 1 . Operative Masons not belonging to any lodge present . 2 . A band of French horns . 3 . The lodges present , arranged as follows : — The Military Lodge belongingto General Johnson's Regiment .
The 1 mstle Lodge . The Scots' Lodge in Canongate . Holyrood House Lodge . Vernon Kilwinning Lodge . Canongate from Leith Lodge . Dalkeith Lodge . Lodge of Journeymen Masons . Canongate and Leith , Leith and Canongate
Lodge . Leith Kilwinning Lodge . Canongate Kilwinning Lodge . Mary ' s Chapel Lodge . All the brethren properly clothed , antl the Masters and Wardens in the jewels of their respective lodges , with their badges of dignity , formed the last rank of each lodge .
4 . Gentlemen Masons belonging to foreign lodges . 5 . A band of Hautboys . 6 . The Golden Compasses , carried by an operative Mason . 7 . Three Grand Stewards with rods . 8 . The Grand Secretary , Grand Treasurer , and Grand Clerk .
9 . Three Grand Stewards , with rods . 10 . The Golden Square , Level , and Plumb , carried by three operative Masons . 11 . A band of French horns . 12 . Three Grand Stewards , with rods . 13 . The Grand Wardens . 14 . The Cornucopia and Golden Mallet , carried by an
officer of the Grand Lodge and an Operative Mason . 13 . The Grand Master , supported by a Past Grand Master and the present Substitute . The procession was closed by a body of Operative Masons , and the whole brethren , amounting exactly to 672 , walked uncovered . At the head of Niddry ' s AVind the cavalcade was
received by 150 of the military and a company of grenadiers , drawn up in two lines , under arms , who escorted the procession—one half of the grenadiers marching in front , and thc other half in thc rear , with bayonets fixed . As the procession passed the city guard , a company was drawn out , with the proper officers at their head , who saluted the Grand
Master with military honours , drums beating and music playing . AVheii the procession reached the Parliament Close , the troops formed a line , as did also the Masons within that line . The Grand Master and the officers of the Grand Lodge then made a stop at the north-west corner of the Close , and dispatched a message to the Council-house to
acquaint thc magistrates that thc brethren were ready to receive them . On which thc Lord Prcvost , magistrates , and council , in their robes , preceded by the city officers with the sword and mace , accompanied by several of the gentlemen in thc direction of the intended buildings , proceeded through the lines formed by thc soldiers and the
Masons , when the Grand Master , properly supported as before , preceded by his officers , and having his jewels borne before him , marched to thc p lace where the ceremony was to be performed , and passed through the triumphal arch erected for thc occasion , the lodgesfollowing according to seniority . On thc west side of the place where the stone was to be laid was erected a theatre , covered with
tapestry and decked with flowers , for thc Lord Provost , magistrates , council , and attendants . On the east was erected another theatre for the Grand Master and his officers , on which was set a chair for thc Grand Master . Before the chair was a table covered with tapestry , on which were placed two silver vessels filled with wine and oil , the golden jewels and the cornucopia , which had been carried in the procession . Thc Masters , Wardens , and
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Table Of Contents.
TABLE OF CONTENTS .
PAGE FREEMASONRY IN ENGLAND 349 & 350 GRAND LODGE OF MARK MASTERS 350 PROV . GRAND CHAPTER OF ROYAL ARCH MASONS , YORKSHIRE 350 THE CRAFT
Metropolitan 351 Provincial 35-1 cS- 352 SUMMER FESTIVAL OF THE TEMPLE LODGE ... 352 CONSECRATION OF LEBANON LODGE , No . 1326 ... 352 SCOTLAND
Consecration of St . Johnstoun R . A . Chapter , 134 , at Perth ' . 352 WEST LANCASHIRE MASONIC RELIEF COMMITTEE 352 UNION BETWEEN THE UNRECOCNISED DEGREES 353 FRATERS ROSICRUCIAN / E SOCIETATIS IN ANGLIA 3 S 3
LODGE OF BENEVOLENCE ... 353 STEPHEN BLAIR ,. ... 353 MASONIC PICNIC 35 , BIRTHS , MARRIAGES , AND DEATHS 354 SWEDISH MASONRY 354 MULTUM IN PARVO 354 & 355 ANNUAL FETE OF THE MASONIC INSTITUTION
FOR Bovs 355 , 356 , & 357 ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCEA Belief in God and a Future Resurrection , & C . 357 "Is Freemasonry Sectarian ? " .. 357 The Recent Royal Visit to Reading ... ... 357 Ardrossan Neptune Kilwinning and its Detractors 357 & 358
Henry Price Once More 35 8 " Prince" Rhodocanakis 35 S THE GIFT LIFEBOATS OF THE NATIONAL LIFE - BOAT INSTITUTION 359 POETRY" The Tear-Cup "—A German Legend ... 359 MASONIC MEETINGS FOR NEXT WEEK 359
Freemasonry In England.
FREEMASONRY IN ENGLAND .
Bv THE SON OF SALATHIEL . ( Continued from page 337 J - BEFORE THE SCHISM . Under the false appellation of the York banner the new G . Lodge gained the countenance of the Scotch and Irish Masons , who , placing implicit
confidence 111 thc representations made to them , heartily joined in condemning thc measures of thc regular lodges in London , as tending , in their opinion , to introduce novelties into the Society , and to subvert the original plan of thc institution . The irregular Masons in London having thus acquired a
nominal establishment , noblemen of both kingdoms , unacquainted with the origin of the separation , honoured them with their patronage , and some respectable names and lodges were added to their list .
During the presidency of Lord Raymond no considerable addition was made to the list of lodges , nor were the communications often honoured with the company of the nobility . His lordship granted only one deputation for a Provincial Grand Master during his presidency : viz ., for Savoy and
Piedmont . The Earl of Kintore succeeded Lord Raymond in April , 1740 ; and , in imitation of his predecessor , continued to discourage irregularities . His lordship appointed several Provincials , particularly one for Russia , one for Hamburgh and the Circle of Lower
Saxony , one for the AVest Riding of York ( in the room of AVilliam Horton , Esq ., deceased ) , and one for the island of Barbadocs . The Earl of Morton was elected on the 19 th of March following , and installed with great solemnity the same day at Haberdashers' Hall , in presence
of a respectable company of thc nobility , foreign ambassadors , and others . Several seasonable laws were passed during his lordship ' s Mastership , and some regulations made concerning processions and other ceremonies . His lordship presented a staff of office to the Treasurer , of neat workmanship , blue and tipped with gold ; and the Grand Lodge resolved
that this officer should be annually elected , and , with the Secretary and Sword-bearer , be permitted to rank in future as a member of thc Grand Lodge . A large cornelian seal , with the arms of Masonry set in gold , was presented to the Society at this time by Bro . AVilliam A *" aughan , the Senior Grand AVarden , who was appointed by his lordship Provincial Grand Master for North AA ' ales .
Lord AVard succeeded the Earl of Morton in April , 1742 . His lordship , being well acquainted with the nature and government of the Society , having served every office from thc Secretary in a private lodge to that of Grand Master , lost no time in applying effectual remedies to reconcile the
animosities which prevailed . He recommended to his officers vigilance and care in their different departments , and by his conduct set a noble example how the dignity of the Society ought to be supported . Many lodges which were in a declining state , by his advice coalesced with others in better
Freemasonry In England.
circumstances ; some which had been negligent in their attendance on the Communications , after proper admonitions , were restored to favours , and others which persevered in their contumacy were erased from the list . Thus his lordship manifested a sincere regard for the interests of the Society , while his lenity and forbearance were universally admired .
The unanimity and harmony of thc lodges seemed to be perfectly restored under his lordship ' s administration . The Freemasons at Antigua built a large hall in that island for their meetings , and applied to the Grand Lodge for liberty to be styled the Great Lodge of St . John ' s in Antigua , which
favour was granted to them in April , 1744 . Lord AVard continued two years at the head of the Fraternity , during which time he constituted many lodges , and appointed several Provincial Grand Masters—viz ., one for Lancaster , one for North America , and three for the island of Jamaica .
He was succeeded by the Earl of Strathmore , during whose administration , he being absent the whole time , the care and management of the Society devolved on the other Grand Officers , who carefully studied thc general good of the Fraternity . His lordship appointed a Provincial Grand Master for the island of Bermuda .
Lord Cranstoun was elected Grand Master in April , 1745 , and presided over the Fraternity with great reputation two years . Under his auspices Masonry flourished , several new lodges were constituted , and one Provincial Grand Master was appointed for Cape Breton and Louisbourg . By
a resolution of the Grand Lodge at this time it was ordered that public processions on feast days should be discontinued—occasioned by some mock processions which a few disgusted brethren had formed in order to burlesque those public appearances . Lord Byron succeeded Lord Cranstoun , and was
installed at Drapers' Hall on the 30 th of April , 1747 . The laws of thc Committee of Charity were , by his lordship ' s order , revised , printed , and distributed among the lodges , and a handsome contribution to the general charity was received from the lodge at Gibraltar . During five years that his
lordship presided over the Fraternity , no diligence was spared to preserve the privileges of the Order inviolate , to redress grievances , and to relieve distress . When business required his lordship ' s attendance in the country , Fotherly Baker , Esq ., his Deputy , and Secretary Revis were particularly
attentive to the business of the Society . The former was distinguished by his knowledge of the laws and regulations ; the latter , by his long and faithful services . Under the auspices of Lord Byron , provincial patents were issued for Denmark and Norway , Pennsylvania , Minorca , and New York .
On the 20 th of March , 1752 , Lord Carysfort accepted the office of Grand Master . The good effects of his lordship ' s application to the real interests of the Fraternity soon became visible by the great increase of thc public fund . No Grand Officer ever took more pains to preserve , or was
more attentive to recommend , order and decorum . He was ready on every occasion to visit the lodges in person , and to promote harmony among thc members . Dr . Manningham , his Deputy , was no less vigilant in the execution of his duty . He constantly visited the lodges in his lordship's absence ,
and used every endeavour to cement union among the brethren . The whole proceedings of this active officer was conducted with prudence , and his candour and affability gained him universal esteem . The Grand Master ' s attachment to the Society was so obvious that the brethren , in testimony of
gratitude for his lordship ' s great services , re-elected him on the 3 rd of April , 1753 , and during his presidency provincial patents were issued for Gibraltar , thc Bahama Islands , New York , Guernsey , Jersey , Aldcrney , Sark , and Mann ; also for Cornwall and the counties of AA ' orcester , Gloucester , Salop ,
Monmouth , and Hereford . At this time the Society in Scotland appears to have been in a very flourishing state . Under the auspices of George Drummond , Esq ., thc Grand Master of thc Masons in that kingdom , the lodges had considerably increased in numbers . This
gentleman had thrice served the office of Lord Provost of Edinburgh ; and being at the head of the senate in that city , he wasanxious to promote every scheme which could add to thc consequence and splendour of the metropolis of his native country . AVith this view he planned and afterwards completed that
elegant range of buildings called the NcwExchange of Edinburgh , the foundation stone of which he laid on the 13 th of September , 1753 , as Grand Master . An event so remarkable in the annals of Masonry justly merits attention , and cannot fail to render an account of a ceremony so splendid and conducted
with so much regularity interesting to every brother who has the honour of the Society at heart . Early in the morningof the day appointed for the celebration of this ceremony a magnificent triumphal arch in the true Augustan style was opened to public view . It was erected at the entrance
Freemasonry In England.
leading towards the place where thc foundation stone of the intended building was to be laid . In thc niches between the columns on each side of the entrance were two figures representing Geometry and Architecture , each as large as life . On the frieze of the entablature , which was of the Corinthian order , were the following words : " Quod
felixfaustumquc sit ; " " That it may be happy arid prosperous . " On the middle panel of the attic base , placed over the entablature , was represented the Genius of Edinburgh in a curule chair under a canopy . On her right hand stood a group of figures repi-esentating the Lord Provost , magistrates , and council in their robes ,- on her left was another
group representing the noblemen and gentlemen employed in the direction of the intended structure . In front was placed thc Grand Master offering a plan of the Exchange , attended by several of his brethren properly clothed . Thewholewas decorated with laurels , bays , and other evergreens , interspersed with festoons of flowers .
At three o ' clock in the afternoon the several lodges , with their Masters at their heads , met at Mary ' s Chapel in Niddry ' s AVind , and at half-past three the procession began to move from the chapel in the following order , the city guard covering the
rear : 1 . Operative Masons not belonging to any lodge present . 2 . A band of French horns . 3 . The lodges present , arranged as follows : — The Military Lodge belongingto General Johnson's Regiment .
The 1 mstle Lodge . The Scots' Lodge in Canongate . Holyrood House Lodge . Vernon Kilwinning Lodge . Canongate from Leith Lodge . Dalkeith Lodge . Lodge of Journeymen Masons . Canongate and Leith , Leith and Canongate
Lodge . Leith Kilwinning Lodge . Canongate Kilwinning Lodge . Mary ' s Chapel Lodge . All the brethren properly clothed , antl the Masters and Wardens in the jewels of their respective lodges , with their badges of dignity , formed the last rank of each lodge .
4 . Gentlemen Masons belonging to foreign lodges . 5 . A band of Hautboys . 6 . The Golden Compasses , carried by an operative Mason . 7 . Three Grand Stewards with rods . 8 . The Grand Secretary , Grand Treasurer , and Grand Clerk .
9 . Three Grand Stewards , with rods . 10 . The Golden Square , Level , and Plumb , carried by three operative Masons . 11 . A band of French horns . 12 . Three Grand Stewards , with rods . 13 . The Grand Wardens . 14 . The Cornucopia and Golden Mallet , carried by an
officer of the Grand Lodge and an Operative Mason . 13 . The Grand Master , supported by a Past Grand Master and the present Substitute . The procession was closed by a body of Operative Masons , and the whole brethren , amounting exactly to 672 , walked uncovered . At the head of Niddry ' s AVind the cavalcade was
received by 150 of the military and a company of grenadiers , drawn up in two lines , under arms , who escorted the procession—one half of the grenadiers marching in front , and thc other half in thc rear , with bayonets fixed . As the procession passed the city guard , a company was drawn out , with the proper officers at their head , who saluted the Grand
Master with military honours , drums beating and music playing . AVheii the procession reached the Parliament Close , the troops formed a line , as did also the Masons within that line . The Grand Master and the officers of the Grand Lodge then made a stop at the north-west corner of the Close , and dispatched a message to the Council-house to
acquaint thc magistrates that thc brethren were ready to receive them . On which thc Lord Prcvost , magistrates , and council , in their robes , preceded by the city officers with the sword and mace , accompanied by several of the gentlemen in thc direction of the intended buildings , proceeded through the lines formed by thc soldiers and the
Masons , when the Grand Master , properly supported as before , preceded by his officers , and having his jewels borne before him , marched to thc p lace where the ceremony was to be performed , and passed through the triumphal arch erected for thc occasion , the lodgesfollowing according to seniority . On thc west side of the place where the stone was to be laid was erected a theatre , covered with
tapestry and decked with flowers , for thc Lord Provost , magistrates , council , and attendants . On the east was erected another theatre for the Grand Master and his officers , on which was set a chair for thc Grand Master . Before the chair was a table covered with tapestry , on which were placed two silver vessels filled with wine and oil , the golden jewels and the cornucopia , which had been carried in the procession . Thc Masters , Wardens , and