Original Correspondence.

;„ a- his vote on one or other of the meetings . " The Book of " Constitutions undoubtedly gives this privilege , in the case under discussion , as to the W . M . elect of a lodge being disqualified for rc-installation by thc non-confirmation of the minutes—it is distinctly laid down that " Should thc minutes of thc election of Master not be confirmed , then a summons mu « t be issued for the following regular

mect-; , iir of the lotlge , setting forth that the brethren wereagain to proceed to elect a Master . " This appears to me so clear that it should satisfy even Bro . Tebbs , who thinks it not necessary to confirm the minutes of a previous meeting , but simply to record that they are correctly entered . Again , with respect to an elected Master ruling the lodge , Bro . Tebbs says , in his letter published the 14 th August , that it

is a gross absurdity to allow a brother to assumeaposition of absolute authority , and others , at the next meeting , take it from him by reversing his election . True , Bro . Tebbs , it would be if such were the correct reading , but it means , without doubt , that he may rule the lodge as an elected

Master after the confirmation of the minutes , i . e ., providing for any hitch in the installation , by the absence of the Installing Master , or of thc W . M . elect , on thc day of confirmation of the minutes . Yours fraternally , MAGNUS OHREN , P . P . G . W . for Surrey .

THE PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGE OF WEST YORKSHIRE . To thc Editor of the Freemason . Dear Sir and Brother , — I am very sorry to have to call attention again to the no doubt unintentional slight offered to this distinguished province by the Mark Masons .

Last year they termed their meeting " The Meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge of West Yorkshire . " This year llicy repeat it . It is true that you , Sir , careful as you are , head the column " Mark Masonry , " but they simply term themselves " Provincial Grand Lodge of West Yorkshire . " I venture to think such an usurpation of the honours of

others is very " bad form , " and very un-Masonic . The proper heading is The Mark Provincial Grand Lodge of West Yorkshire . 1 will not be invidious or carping enough to ask " cui bono " such an assemblage ? for that may be a matter of opinion or of taste , but I wish , as an old Provincial Officer of West Yorkshire , to repeat that there is only one

Provincial Grand Lodge of West Yoikshire , presided over by our distinguished brother . Sir H . Edwards . Some people may say , What's in a name ? but , curiously enough , there is often a good deal in a name , and in such matters we cannot be too accurate . Many of the brethren , named and present , I

know personally , and worthy men and Masons they are , and I hope they will admit that my letter is just , and that they will be , more careful in their nomenclature for the future . Yours fraternally , AK Ot . u W . Y . P . G . OHICER .

Multum In Parbo; Or Masonic Notes And Queries.

Multum in Parbo ; or Masonic Notes and Queries .

MASOUIC DRINKING MUG . I was lately shown a pint tlrinking mug , of good delf , apparently of the last century , on which , between two pillars , and under ordinary Masonic emblems , was the following inscription : — " Friendship is Love , benevolent , sincere ,

'Tis such as Masons do to Masons bear j This gift divine the power supreme bestows , To aid their joys anil dissipate their woes . " Can any of the readers of the " Freemason " tell me the author of the lines , and when , where , and by whom these Masonic mugs were made ? GEORGE MARKHAM TWEDDEM ., Stockport .

HlGllltODIAMS . I shall be obliged to any brethren who will throw a light on the meaning of this word . Bro . W . J . Hughan objects to my suggestion that it is a corruption of " Haroilim , " though I confess I think it is more likely than

anything else . Bro . Findel suggests that it is a corruption of " High Order . " But as wc have the word " Hi ghrodiam " twice in tbe same page , as also the words " High Order , " a'id all in the same handwriting , that can hardly be . A . F . A . Wrmnmitn .

Review.

Review .

1 he "Secret Warfare of Freemasonry against Church and Mate . Translated from the German . '' Burns , Gates & Co ., 1 oftman-street . Wc have perused this somewhat portentous and pretentious work , which in its bright cover and 288 pages might >* e better worth reading ! It is translated from the German , no doubt carefully and skilfully enoughand harmonizes

, wonderfull y with the Ultramontane ami Ritualistic view 01 the hour , a view we believe equally unfair and intolerant . As if to add fuel to the flames of suppressed nquisitorial emotion , the editor gives us a little preface ' His own , which is most conspicuous for its proof of his iter incompetence to deal with the subject he professes lus to give to the world with the sanction of a scholnr .

Winker , and a gentleman . What can we reckon of his " -curacy when he tells us boldly that Freemasons number HUr seventeC 11 millions of members ? Ex hoc disce ! « W' ° f preface arc all what may be fairly called edito " ancl onl y demonstrate conclusively that the l * aiid || : lCq "' ainta '' ce with the matter is second-1 that he is working as it were on a given

Review.

theme , and that he writes the preface , because he must say something . But we are unable to discover in his somewhat " feeble forcible " expressions anything like originality of thought , or accuracy of statement . He is in fact but a copyist of other men ' s conclusions , a retailer of other men ' s thunder . He has taken up the stereotyped opinions of all extreme

fanatics at the present moment , who seem to think that they can crush Freemasonry by the violence of their language , and the vehemence of their accusations . Thc " Saturday Review " has , no doubt , thought well to say that the " Roman Catholic condemnation of Freemasonry is after all not unnatural , ami that thc Roman Catholics are justified , on their own principles , in their hostility to

Freemasonry . " But while we have never denied tl . e abstract right of the Roman Catholic Church to forbid Freemasonry to its own people , though we believe its fear of Freemasonry utterly chimerical , even if real , we object to the Church of Rome branding Freemasonry generally as disloyal and irreligious , and making use of the virulent abuse respecting all Freemasons she has thought proper to do .

When we turn to the pamphlet we see at once that it is composed by a very ardent Romanist , or a follower of the Ultramontane school , probably an affiliated of the Jesuits . He has been at infinite pains to collect the rubbish of the past century , not forgetting the Abbi Barruel , and he has diligently put together all the speeches and acts which seem to give to Freemasonry in France , Austria , Belgium ,

and even Germany , thc aspect of a pure political confederation , animated by the secret aims of the Ulumine ' s , or directed by the teaching of the International . Well , we meet him at once and join issue with his premise . His argument is as follows , put syllogistically : —The views of the Masonic body are avowedly revolutionary and irreligious . Freemasonry holds these views , therefore

Freemasonry is revolutionary and irreligious . Now he has put a part for thc whole , and is arguing from a particular to an universal . That some Freemasons have made foolish and irreligious speeches , anil committed absurd acts , we do not deny , but if any body is to be judged by thc speeches and acts of individuals , we know no body which must be so condemned

as the Church of Rome . All that the writer can fairly assert is what we do not controvert , that individual Freemasons iu those countries have at times been very weak and very perverse , but we are not aware that any of the foreign Grand Lodges , to which this writer alludes , have ever endorsed the theories to which he calls attention , and the assertions of which he

so loudly complains . In Germany , for instance , whatever may have been the views of particular writers , or even passing epochs , with very few exceptions , thc German Freemasons now are a loyal and religiously minded fraternity of good men and true , and keep themselves , like ourselves , aloof from religious discussions , and political disputes . It is idle , then , for

Ultramontane writers to " hark back " to the pa : > t . Thc real question is , what does Freemasonry profess avowedly to-day ? We have already admitted that much may be said for individual wrong teaching , but the Order is not to be condemned for the unauthorized addresses or acts of individuals . This carefully compiled work , so lauded by the " Union Review , " does not touch the

fringe of English Freemasonry , so to say , at all , though the writer of that review , with the peculiar display of illogical argument common to many acolytes of that school , quietly takes the part for the whole , and condemns English Freemasonry on the ground of the alleged misdoings of Foreign Freemasonry , and , also , in consequence of the Papal allocutions .

It is hopeless to attempt to argue out the question with persons who take such a ground . We are not on equal terms . They are building up their position on the fact of thc decrees of an infallible Pope ; we are simply seeking to meet them within the lines of human reason , as well as of fallible judgment . We cannot discuss the subject fairly with such opponents , and , therefore , we think it well to

leave the matter where it is . In Great Britain and the United States the Order is known to all men , by its peaceful habits , loyal disposition , law abiding teaching , and religious sympathies , by its deeds of benevolence , and its labours of love . What matters to it , therefore , these foolish and heated attacks , all proceeding from the same one

" fiery furnace , " all marked by the same condemnatory spirit of hatred and ill-will , persecution and intolerance ? Wc think , on the contrary , that such attacks will do us , in the long run , good rather than harm , and we await with calmness and confidence the judgment of our fellow citizens . When we have seen the German original we shall recur to the subject .

Resignation Of Bro. Superintendent Fowler, Of Prescot.

RESIGNATION OF BRO . SUPERINTENDENT FOWLER , OF PRESCOT .

For some time it has been supposed likely that Bro . Supt . Fowler , P . P . G . A . D . C , P . M . and Treasurer of the Lodge of Loyalty , No . 86 , who for so many years has had charge of the police force in the Petty Sessional Divisions

of Prescot and Childwall , would resign his office and retire into private life . Mr . Fowler ' s resignation has been sent to thc Chief Constable , and will take effect from the end of September . During the long time that Mr . Fowler has had command of the police force in Prescot , near Liverpool , and neighbourhood he has enjoyed the respect and good will of the inhabitants . He has well earned the

right to spend the remainder of lus days in rest and quietness . It is proposed to present Bro . Fowler with a testimonial prior to his departure from Prescot . To this end a committee has been or is in course of formation , and we understand that Mr . Evans , J . P ., the Rev . L . W . Sampson , M . A ., and other influential gentlemen have expressed their approval of the proposal , and their intention to sub-

Resignation Of Bro. Superintendent Fowler, Of Prescot.

scribe to the testimonial . Mr . F . Smith , coroner for the manor of Prescot , has consented to act as honorary secretary to the committee . Bro . Fowler joined the Metropolitan police force at the age of 21 years , on December 2 . 3 rd , 1834 , and was attached to the C or St . James division . He was transferred at his own request to the B or Westminster

division , on the 4 th July , 1836 . On the 20 th of July , 1839 , he resigned office in the police force , having obtained , through the interest of Mr . D . Gregory , stipendiary magistrate , Q-ueen ' s-square Police-office , the office of 1 st class turnkey in the new Tothill-fields prison , Westminster . On the 25 th May , 1840 , he resigned the office of turnkey , having obtained the appointment of sergeant in

the Lancashire County Constabulary , just formed . He arrived in Preston a few days afterwards and was sworn in , and attached to the Garstang division , of which Mr . Jordan was superintendent . On thc 14 th June , 1840 , he was seriously wounded with a knife in the right hand , which rendered it useless for some time , by Edward Connell , in a riot at Garstang amongst a number of Irish navvies , who

were employed in cutting the line of railway between Preston and Lancashire . On the 16 th June , 1841 , he was violently assaulted , with several constables , in a disturbance which took place at Eccleston fair . On the reduction of the constabulary , in 1841 , he was transferred , with Mr . Supt . Jordan , to thc Prescot division , and posted to the Toxteth Park section . In 1842 he was removed from the Toxteth

to the Prescot section . In the same year he was promoted to the tank of inspector , and posted to the Kirkdale division , but at the express wish of- the magistrates , and by an authority signed by them in petty sessions , he was retained in the Prescot division . In the same year he was violently assaulted about the head , body , & c , in company with several constables , in a riot at Roby

wakes amongst the Knotty Ash carters and farm servants . His right hand was seriously injured , so much so as to render it nearly useless since , but more particularly in damp and cold weather . The effects of the injury to his head he feels to the present time . In August , 1843 , he was savagely assaulted and injured about the head , body , & c , by a man named William Lyon , a bricksetter , when

apprehending him under a warrant for a breach of the peace . In December , 1843 , Bro . Fowler was promoted to the rank of superintendent , and posted to the Middleton or Rochdale division , which then included the towns of Rochdale and Heywood . In June , 1844 , he was thrown from his horse through a dog running at it whilst on his way to Oldham to attend petty sessions . In 18 49 he was transferred to the

Warrington division , which then comprised the present Warrington and Wigan divisions . In the same year he was badly assaulted , with another constable , when apprehending a notorious character named James Seddon , a collier , for being drunk and riotous in the public street , on a Sunday evening . In April , 1855 , in consequence of declining health , brought on entirely by downright hard work and rough usage , he was , by the kind permission of

thc chief-constable , Captain Woodford , transferred to the Prescot division . We may add that during his long connection with Prescot he has proved himself an able , zealous , and trustworthy Mason , and his connection with the " old Lodge of Loyalty " has been to it an immense boon , as well as a source of help to the brethren , who desire him health , long life , and prosperity in his retirement .

Obituary.

Obituary .

THE LATE BRO . H . W . NICHOLAS . Many brethren in the Province of West Lancashire will regret to hear of the death of Bro . H . W . Nicholas , a member of thc Mariner ' s Lodge , No . 249 , Liverpool , who , although never holding any prominent office in the craft , was universally esteemed and admired . His death took place somewhat suddenly at 66 , Cable Street , Liverpool , on

Wednesday , the 18 th inst . His genial wit and humour were greatly appreciated in local lodges , and his topical song , " In a Quiet Sort of Way , " which always embodied something bearing upon the meeting , was greatly relished . Brs . Nicholas had a happy knack of impromptu verse-writing , and he never failed to make his talent tell . In every good work he was always willing to give a

helping hand , and in many a charitable scheme his presence will be missed . Our dead brother , who was fortynine years of age , was interred on Saturday last at St . James ' s Cemetery , and the funeral was attended by upwards of 100 brethren and friends . The funeral service was conducted by the Rev . W . Banister , B . A . Amongst those present were Bros . H . P . Price , W . M . 249 ; J . Hayes , I . P . M .

249 ; Dr . J . K . Smith , P . M . and Treas . 249 ; II , Pearson , P . M . 249 ; W . Crane , P . M . 249 ; E . Hughes , P . M . 249 ; C . Leighton , 349 , P . M . 1325 ; J . Wood , 249 , ( " Freemason " ); W . B . Jennings , 249 ; T . Joseph , 249 ; S . Kirkpatrick , 249 ; J . W . B . Brunton , 249 ; E . Gamble , 249 ; W . H . Ball , 249 ; J . Skeaf , P . G . O ., P . M . 216 : F . Lilly , P . M . 251 , P . P . J . G . D .,

EX . ; C . Lecdham , P . M . 220 ; H . Ashmore , W . M . 1325 ; I-I . Scott , P . M . 86 ; W . Matthews , 220 ; J . F . Hall , 673 ; D . Frame , 220 ; W . Burnett , J . W . 1013 ; J . Twist , 1325 ; J . Hamer , P . M . ; J . Jones , 667 ; E . Barlow , 216 ; Goodman , J . Atkinson , Jacobs , Neale , C . Campion , and others . The general mourners

included Mr . R . Pearson ( nephew of the deceased ) , Mr . W . E . Manner , Manchester ; Mr . Walter Hildyard , and others ; and the musical friends present , besides several already named amongst the brethren , were Mr Hugh Shimmen , Mr . Robert Crompton , '" . Mr . A . Child , Mr . J . Austin , and Mr . E . Foulkes .

BRO . CAPTAIN D . C . LOVERDO . It is with deep regret that we announce the death of Bro , Captain Dionysius C . Loverdo , of Zante , Ionian