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Article THE CARBONARI. ← Page 2 of 2
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The Carbonari.
Among other presumptuously affiliated bodies , it is especially charged that the Carbonari are the direct emanation of Masonry . Against the Carbonari have the thunders of the Vatican been particularly levelled . The Vatican feared the Carbonari , as they threatened the loss of the temporal authority . The Italian Carbonari avowedl y advocated the union of Italy and the
reformation of the Church , but they were in no wise of Masonic ori gin . They have heeu the modern advocates of a reli gio-political principle , conserved for centuries in the forests of . France , was transplanted to Ital y in 1515 , in the train of the army of Francis I ., seeking to liberate the oppressed Milanese . As Gustavus Vasa detected the spirit of liberty and charity amid the mountaineers of Dalecartiaso fugitives from regal ancl ecclesiastical persecution
, found refuge and hospitality among the wood-choppers ancl charcoal-burners of the forests of Roussillou and'Bourbon . The dense forests of Middle Europe ever afforded a welcome asylum for the political outlaw adopting as a disguise the habits and employment of the honest people . The woodlands of England provided sanctuary for the oppressed fleeing from the persecution of the invader . Nursery ballads narrate the semi-fabulous freaks of Robin Hood
ancl his band of foresters . The Carbonari , otherwise st yled Eendeurs ( wood-cutters ) , originated from the protective societies of the working men following this exposed and dangerous business . These peasants , dwelling apart from each other , liable to A'iolence ancl robbery , invented signs for their mutual recognition , and assembled in bodies for amusement ancl protection . The disastrous rei gns of Charles VI . ancl VII . peopled the Avoods with refugees fleeing before a con- ¦
quering army . Nobles and ecclesiastics , women ancl children , sought the hospitality of the timber-hewers , and became members of their common family . Knights , learned men , noble ladies and gentle youths , affiliated with the existing fraternity of peasantry , ancl assumed " the emblems of an ancient plebeian calling . Hence dates the rise of Franc-Carbonari , or forest Masonry , existent to the present among the nobility .
The oppressions in Naples , until recently , kept alii'e the political organisa' tion of the Carbonari in Italy , AA'hich in France was simply a charitable and . hospitable institution . Since 1814 they have maintained their fundamental doctrines of a United Italy and a Reformed National Church . They have accomplished one half of their work—a United Italy . As Masons , we have nothing to say as to the other moiety ; as individuals we mi ght not object to a reformed Church .
The societ y is in no wise Masonic . Freemasonry seeks to bestow virtues and benefits upon no solitary people or nation . She teaches the sanctity of a universal faith . She has no political or sectarian aims ; reaching forward , not for poiver , but exerting a secret , quiet , but ivholesome influence among all men . The following explains a foregoing reference : —
' Augustus Frederick Ferdinand de Kotzebne , a celebrated German writer , historian critic and dramatic author , was born in Saxony in 1761 . At the age of twenty he went to Russia ' where he enjoyed diplomatic dignities ; afterwards he resided , as Consul General of Russia ' at Berlin for a number of years . His position and the tenour of his writings , which were opposed to liberal ideas that he had originally advocated , excited against him the suspicion of Ming a spy as well as a traitor to German liberty . His assassination was determined npon » y the students of the University , Jena , who , in a Lodge of the Tugend-Bnnd , drew lots as to Who should punish the recreant authorIt fell Charles Louis Sand
. upon , who had previously wttled m tbe war of the Liberation , but had resumed his studies after the battle of Waterloo un the next morning , Sand , clad in ancient German dress , started on his mission , and mur . "ra-ed Kotzobuo on the 23 rd of March , 1819 , with a poignard such as were used by the i . imous secret societies of Westphalia in the Middle Ages . After proclaiming himself the yenge ,. Qe ,, man rigUa , Sand attempted suicide , but subsequently recovered from his ° un ( s . He died beneath the axe of the headsman , in tho twenty-third year of his age otzooue is known to Americans as the author of the play called Tho Stranger' formerlv ve ' ' popular a > y
y on our stage . " M . McM . P 2
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
The Carbonari.
Among other presumptuously affiliated bodies , it is especially charged that the Carbonari are the direct emanation of Masonry . Against the Carbonari have the thunders of the Vatican been particularly levelled . The Vatican feared the Carbonari , as they threatened the loss of the temporal authority . The Italian Carbonari avowedl y advocated the union of Italy and the
reformation of the Church , but they were in no wise of Masonic ori gin . They have heeu the modern advocates of a reli gio-political principle , conserved for centuries in the forests of . France , was transplanted to Ital y in 1515 , in the train of the army of Francis I ., seeking to liberate the oppressed Milanese . As Gustavus Vasa detected the spirit of liberty and charity amid the mountaineers of Dalecartiaso fugitives from regal ancl ecclesiastical persecution
, found refuge and hospitality among the wood-choppers ancl charcoal-burners of the forests of Roussillou and'Bourbon . The dense forests of Middle Europe ever afforded a welcome asylum for the political outlaw adopting as a disguise the habits and employment of the honest people . The woodlands of England provided sanctuary for the oppressed fleeing from the persecution of the invader . Nursery ballads narrate the semi-fabulous freaks of Robin Hood
ancl his band of foresters . The Carbonari , otherwise st yled Eendeurs ( wood-cutters ) , originated from the protective societies of the working men following this exposed and dangerous business . These peasants , dwelling apart from each other , liable to A'iolence ancl robbery , invented signs for their mutual recognition , and assembled in bodies for amusement ancl protection . The disastrous rei gns of Charles VI . ancl VII . peopled the Avoods with refugees fleeing before a con- ¦
quering army . Nobles and ecclesiastics , women ancl children , sought the hospitality of the timber-hewers , and became members of their common family . Knights , learned men , noble ladies and gentle youths , affiliated with the existing fraternity of peasantry , ancl assumed " the emblems of an ancient plebeian calling . Hence dates the rise of Franc-Carbonari , or forest Masonry , existent to the present among the nobility .
The oppressions in Naples , until recently , kept alii'e the political organisa' tion of the Carbonari in Italy , AA'hich in France was simply a charitable and . hospitable institution . Since 1814 they have maintained their fundamental doctrines of a United Italy and a Reformed National Church . They have accomplished one half of their work—a United Italy . As Masons , we have nothing to say as to the other moiety ; as individuals we mi ght not object to a reformed Church .
The societ y is in no wise Masonic . Freemasonry seeks to bestow virtues and benefits upon no solitary people or nation . She teaches the sanctity of a universal faith . She has no political or sectarian aims ; reaching forward , not for poiver , but exerting a secret , quiet , but ivholesome influence among all men . The following explains a foregoing reference : —
' Augustus Frederick Ferdinand de Kotzebne , a celebrated German writer , historian critic and dramatic author , was born in Saxony in 1761 . At the age of twenty he went to Russia ' where he enjoyed diplomatic dignities ; afterwards he resided , as Consul General of Russia ' at Berlin for a number of years . His position and the tenour of his writings , which were opposed to liberal ideas that he had originally advocated , excited against him the suspicion of Ming a spy as well as a traitor to German liberty . His assassination was determined npon » y the students of the University , Jena , who , in a Lodge of the Tugend-Bnnd , drew lots as to Who should punish the recreant authorIt fell Charles Louis Sand
. upon , who had previously wttled m tbe war of the Liberation , but had resumed his studies after the battle of Waterloo un the next morning , Sand , clad in ancient German dress , started on his mission , and mur . "ra-ed Kotzobuo on the 23 rd of March , 1819 , with a poignard such as were used by the i . imous secret societies of Westphalia in the Middle Ages . After proclaiming himself the yenge ,. Qe ,, man rigUa , Sand attempted suicide , but subsequently recovered from his ° un ( s . He died beneath the axe of the headsman , in tho twenty-third year of his age otzooue is known to Americans as the author of the play called Tho Stranger' formerlv ve ' ' popular a > y
y on our stage . " M . McM . P 2