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Article ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY. ← Page 2 of 2 Article ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY. Page 2 of 2 Article GENERAL ARCHITECTURAL INTELLIGENCE. Page 1 of 1
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On The Architecture Of The Eleventh Century.
the character of the work is earlier than we should expect to find at this time , —partaking very much of the Anglo-Saxon character , and built partly of Roman tiles from the neighbouring city of Verulam , mixed with rubble-stone work , the joints of mortar , very wide ancl baluster shafts used abundantly in the windows . Abbot Paul died in 1093
and the work was completed by his successor , Richard de Albini , and consecrated in 1115 , in the presence of King Henry I . The church of Waston Warren , in Warwickshire , which is of the style called Anglo-Saxon , was given by Robert de Toms , standard-bearer to the Conqueror , as a cell to the abbey of Couchesin Normandnot long after the Con
, y , - quest , and was probably built about that time , A . D . 1079-1093 , Winchester Cathedral was entirely rebuilt by Bishop Walkefyn on a new site ; the crypt and the transepts of this period remain , and the work is of very early Norman character , closely resembling the original part of St . Stephen ' s at Caen , and very little in advance of St . Alban ' s , or of the Confessor ' s work at Westminster .
The capitals are of the same simple form , —merely a cube ^ vitli the angles rounded off , which is called the cushion capital , —but the abacus has the Norman chamfer under it , and the bases are moulded . —the masonry is still widejointed , but not quite so rude . The plan of the church was on the same magnificent scale as the Norman churches of ¦ the twelfth century generally arebut the ideas of the
archi-, tect seem to have been rather in advance of the skill of the workmen , for the central tower fell down in 1107 and was . rebuilt in a more substantial manner . The mass of masonry used for the piers of the new tower is enormous ; the workman evidently were determined that it should not fall again , and compensated for their own want
of skill by the mass of material they wasted ; in the newwork the masonry is fine jointed , and this serves to distin-. guished it from the old . The crypt belongs to tho original work , and the pillars of it are nearly as short and as massive as those of the substructure at Wesminstcr ; nor are the capitals much if at allin advance . Some of the itals in the transepts have
, cap evidently boon carved at a subsequent time . Ely Cathedral was commenced by Abbot Simoon , brotherto Bishop Walkolyn , in 1083 , and was dedicated in 1106 : part- of the nave and transepts belong to this work though probably built after the dedication of the choir , and therefore , belonging rather to the 12 th century . The work is somewhat in advance of the early work at Winchester .
The chapel in the White Tower , London , is said to have been built by Bishop Gundulph in 1081 . The original work is extremely plain and massive , but not rude : " it was the chapel of tbe Royal Palace , ancl therefore , might be expected to be the best work of the age . It has a plain barrel vault : the arches of the triforimn arc perfectly plain , with square piers , without any shafts or imposts : the iiier-arches are
also plain square-edged and not recessed , but they are earned on round pillars with capitals and moulded bases . The original capitals are of the cushion form , with tho Norman chamfered abacus , some of these have been carved afterwards , being like those at Westminster , just of a convenient height for the purpose ; others have the peculiar Tan cross in the centre , which is one of tho characteristics of the latter part of the 11 th century , and seems to have been intended to bo carved in imitation of the caulicoli of
tho classical capitals . This chapel is on the second and third fiooor of the tower : the aisles of it are carried on the solid walls of the first floor , a waste of material which betrays unskilful workmen : there arc no passages in tho thickness of the wails excepting in the upper story . The council chamber which adjoins the chapel is still more plain and rude : it has no arches , but wooden posts in two rows to
carry the floor above , and this seems to have been the original arrangement . Nearly all the windows throughout tho building have been modernized and enlarged : only one remains in its original state in the chapel . On the exterior the only original features arc the early plain flat buttresses and the masonry . The cathedral of Worcester was rebuilt by Bishop Walstan , who had increased the number of monks from twelve to fifty . Tho foundations were laid on a new site in 108-1 , and the
On The Architecture Of The Eleventh Century.
church was consecrated hi 1089 . As five years was not sufficient time for building so large a church , it is evident that the choir only was completed when it was consecrated according to the custom of the age . William of Malmesbury records that when the procession of monks took place , translating the relics from the old church to the new one ,
tho bisho ] 3 wept instead of rejoicing ; saying that he feared the sumptuousness of the new buildings would make them , forget the simplicity and piety of the primitive times . This is evidence of the larger scale of the new buildings , their greater magnificence , and that they were on an entirely new site . The crypt of this period under the choir remains perfect . Tho choir itself was rebuilt in the thirteenth century , ancl the nave is of several different periods , begun at both ends , and meeting in the middle with a very clumsy junction .
General Architectural Intelligence.
GENERAL ARCHITECTURAL INTELLIGENCE .
The new schools for the parish of St . Giles , Ivorthampton , are progressing rapidly . The buildings are to bo faced with Dnston stone above the plinth , which is of blue bricks . Bath stone windows , doorways , ancl copings arc introduced , with a bell turret 50 feet from the ground line . The contract is about £ 2000 .
The now Grammar School , Bedford , has been opened . The want of accommodation in the grammar school , has longbeen felt , and the trustees at last decided upon erecting additional rooms on the north side of the old building , oxtending over Horne-lano and tho site of the house occupied by Mrs . Bass . The new buildings consist of a largo room forming the northern boundary of tho building , 58 feet by 30
feet : on the south side of this there are tivo rooms , one below and another above , each 22 feet by 2-1 feet ; between which ancl tho old building there is the entrance hall ancl staircase , surmounted by a tower . The two old school rooms have been converted into class-rooms . The now erection is in character with tho old , and therefore presents no architectural display , but is simply a plain stone building .
Schools have been erected and opened in connection with the parish church , at tho village of Meole Brace , near Shrewsbury . Tho boys' school measures 40 feet by 20 feet ; tho Sirls ' , 20 feet by 18 feet each having a porch . The roofs arc open timbers , and stained in oak . There is a spireleb visible from a considerable distance , and surmounted by a wrought iron terminal . The total cost was £ 900 .
A chapel for converted Jews has been lately erected in Cold Harbor-lane , Cambcrwcll . The stylo may bo called Lombardic , rather freely adopted . The front ; elevation is simple and well proportioned , the detail being very carefully
worked out . Probabl } - the funds were limited , asthc sides are excecdigty plain . It is built of brick in two colours , with stone dressings . It is enclosed by railings of appropriate design . Internally tho chapel is very plain , with an open roof stained dark . The stone employed in tho building of the exterior of tho Bank of England has manifested evidence of a rapid decay ,
of a similar character to that which has recently become so apparent in the stone used in the erection of tho new Houses of Parliament . With a view to arrest the insidious progress of the decomposition , a coating of a newly-invented composition is now , byway of experiment , in course of being applied to tho surface of that portion of the building in Threadneedlc-strcct fronting tho Royal Exchange , were the
principal entrance is situated . The buildings of the establishment of the Bank of Englandwerc erected iul 732 , enlarged in 1771 , improved in 1796 , and partly rebuilt iu 182 h Mr . C . Eaglesfield has just completed the various works of renovation and alteration in the interior of Dean Church , Cumberland . Tho seats , pulpit and reading desk arc now of red ine varnishedStained-lass windows have been
p . g put in , with good effect . The old principal door _ has been removed , and a new one substituted , ornamented with Gothic hinges , & c . A new font has been supplied , and altogether tho interior presents a new and pleasing a .-pect , though the cost has been but £ ' 300 .
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
On The Architecture Of The Eleventh Century.
the character of the work is earlier than we should expect to find at this time , —partaking very much of the Anglo-Saxon character , and built partly of Roman tiles from the neighbouring city of Verulam , mixed with rubble-stone work , the joints of mortar , very wide ancl baluster shafts used abundantly in the windows . Abbot Paul died in 1093
and the work was completed by his successor , Richard de Albini , and consecrated in 1115 , in the presence of King Henry I . The church of Waston Warren , in Warwickshire , which is of the style called Anglo-Saxon , was given by Robert de Toms , standard-bearer to the Conqueror , as a cell to the abbey of Couchesin Normandnot long after the Con
, y , - quest , and was probably built about that time , A . D . 1079-1093 , Winchester Cathedral was entirely rebuilt by Bishop Walkefyn on a new site ; the crypt and the transepts of this period remain , and the work is of very early Norman character , closely resembling the original part of St . Stephen ' s at Caen , and very little in advance of St . Alban ' s , or of the Confessor ' s work at Westminster .
The capitals are of the same simple form , —merely a cube ^ vitli the angles rounded off , which is called the cushion capital , —but the abacus has the Norman chamfer under it , and the bases are moulded . —the masonry is still widejointed , but not quite so rude . The plan of the church was on the same magnificent scale as the Norman churches of ¦ the twelfth century generally arebut the ideas of the
archi-, tect seem to have been rather in advance of the skill of the workmen , for the central tower fell down in 1107 and was . rebuilt in a more substantial manner . The mass of masonry used for the piers of the new tower is enormous ; the workman evidently were determined that it should not fall again , and compensated for their own want
of skill by the mass of material they wasted ; in the newwork the masonry is fine jointed , and this serves to distin-. guished it from the old . The crypt belongs to tho original work , and the pillars of it are nearly as short and as massive as those of the substructure at Wesminstcr ; nor are the capitals much if at allin advance . Some of the itals in the transepts have
, cap evidently boon carved at a subsequent time . Ely Cathedral was commenced by Abbot Simoon , brotherto Bishop Walkolyn , in 1083 , and was dedicated in 1106 : part- of the nave and transepts belong to this work though probably built after the dedication of the choir , and therefore , belonging rather to the 12 th century . The work is somewhat in advance of the early work at Winchester .
The chapel in the White Tower , London , is said to have been built by Bishop Gundulph in 1081 . The original work is extremely plain and massive , but not rude : " it was the chapel of tbe Royal Palace , ancl therefore , might be expected to be the best work of the age . It has a plain barrel vault : the arches of the triforimn arc perfectly plain , with square piers , without any shafts or imposts : the iiier-arches are
also plain square-edged and not recessed , but they are earned on round pillars with capitals and moulded bases . The original capitals are of the cushion form , with tho Norman chamfered abacus , some of these have been carved afterwards , being like those at Westminster , just of a convenient height for the purpose ; others have the peculiar Tan cross in the centre , which is one of tho characteristics of the latter part of the 11 th century , and seems to have been intended to bo carved in imitation of the caulicoli of
tho classical capitals . This chapel is on the second and third fiooor of the tower : the aisles of it are carried on the solid walls of the first floor , a waste of material which betrays unskilful workmen : there arc no passages in tho thickness of the wails excepting in the upper story . The council chamber which adjoins the chapel is still more plain and rude : it has no arches , but wooden posts in two rows to
carry the floor above , and this seems to have been the original arrangement . Nearly all the windows throughout tho building have been modernized and enlarged : only one remains in its original state in the chapel . On the exterior the only original features arc the early plain flat buttresses and the masonry . The cathedral of Worcester was rebuilt by Bishop Walstan , who had increased the number of monks from twelve to fifty . Tho foundations were laid on a new site in 108-1 , and the
On The Architecture Of The Eleventh Century.
church was consecrated hi 1089 . As five years was not sufficient time for building so large a church , it is evident that the choir only was completed when it was consecrated according to the custom of the age . William of Malmesbury records that when the procession of monks took place , translating the relics from the old church to the new one ,
tho bisho ] 3 wept instead of rejoicing ; saying that he feared the sumptuousness of the new buildings would make them , forget the simplicity and piety of the primitive times . This is evidence of the larger scale of the new buildings , their greater magnificence , and that they were on an entirely new site . The crypt of this period under the choir remains perfect . Tho choir itself was rebuilt in the thirteenth century , ancl the nave is of several different periods , begun at both ends , and meeting in the middle with a very clumsy junction .
General Architectural Intelligence.
GENERAL ARCHITECTURAL INTELLIGENCE .
The new schools for the parish of St . Giles , Ivorthampton , are progressing rapidly . The buildings are to bo faced with Dnston stone above the plinth , which is of blue bricks . Bath stone windows , doorways , ancl copings arc introduced , with a bell turret 50 feet from the ground line . The contract is about £ 2000 .
The now Grammar School , Bedford , has been opened . The want of accommodation in the grammar school , has longbeen felt , and the trustees at last decided upon erecting additional rooms on the north side of the old building , oxtending over Horne-lano and tho site of the house occupied by Mrs . Bass . The new buildings consist of a largo room forming the northern boundary of tho building , 58 feet by 30
feet : on the south side of this there are tivo rooms , one below and another above , each 22 feet by 2-1 feet ; between which ancl tho old building there is the entrance hall ancl staircase , surmounted by a tower . The two old school rooms have been converted into class-rooms . The now erection is in character with tho old , and therefore presents no architectural display , but is simply a plain stone building .
Schools have been erected and opened in connection with the parish church , at tho village of Meole Brace , near Shrewsbury . Tho boys' school measures 40 feet by 20 feet ; tho Sirls ' , 20 feet by 18 feet each having a porch . The roofs arc open timbers , and stained in oak . There is a spireleb visible from a considerable distance , and surmounted by a wrought iron terminal . The total cost was £ 900 .
A chapel for converted Jews has been lately erected in Cold Harbor-lane , Cambcrwcll . The stylo may bo called Lombardic , rather freely adopted . The front ; elevation is simple and well proportioned , the detail being very carefully
worked out . Probabl } - the funds were limited , asthc sides are excecdigty plain . It is built of brick in two colours , with stone dressings . It is enclosed by railings of appropriate design . Internally tho chapel is very plain , with an open roof stained dark . The stone employed in tho building of the exterior of tho Bank of England has manifested evidence of a rapid decay ,
of a similar character to that which has recently become so apparent in the stone used in the erection of tho new Houses of Parliament . With a view to arrest the insidious progress of the decomposition , a coating of a newly-invented composition is now , byway of experiment , in course of being applied to tho surface of that portion of the building in Threadneedlc-strcct fronting tho Royal Exchange , were the
principal entrance is situated . The buildings of the establishment of the Bank of Englandwerc erected iul 732 , enlarged in 1771 , improved in 1796 , and partly rebuilt iu 182 h Mr . C . Eaglesfield has just completed the various works of renovation and alteration in the interior of Dean Church , Cumberland . Tho seats , pulpit and reading desk arc now of red ine varnishedStained-lass windows have been
p . g put in , with good effect . The old principal door _ has been removed , and a new one substituted , ornamented with Gothic hinges , & c . A new font has been supplied , and altogether tho interior presents a new and pleasing a .-pect , though the cost has been but £ ' 300 .