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Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Aids to Study j jg The Orders of the Temple and Hospital ijfio CORRESPONDENCE : — Masons at Public . Meetings 5 62 Provincial Grand Officers cG 2
Bro . Hughan and Grind Lodge 5 62 Reviews 5 6 3 Masonic Tidings 5 6 3 Canterbury Cathedral 5 64 CRAFT MASONRY : —
i \ etropohtan 5 6 5 Provincial 5 66 ROYAL ARCH : — Provincial 5 66 RED CROSS OF CONSTANTINE -.
—Metropolitan 5 06 South Africa s / ifi Wc-tern Australia 5 (> - Masonic Notes and Queries , 5 C 8 OBITUARY : —
Bro . John Donkin 5 60 Bio . J . C . Relph 5 f , rj Bro . Chas . Wigan ^ iiy Masonic Meetings for next week 5 6 9 Aclveitisements JJ ,-, S , -jro , -rri , 572
Aids To Study.
AIDS TO STUDY .
BY BRO . WM . CARPENTKU , P . M . and P . Z . 177 XII . In the brief glance which was taken of the old Assyrian emp ' re in my last paper , Pul was spoken of as the Assyrian monarch who invaded Israel and exacted tribute from Menahem ,
about 760 B . C . But there is some doubt as to the identity of this monarch , and some difficulty in harmonising the Assyrian annals with the
chronicles of the Hebrew monarchy . Tin former , in their series of kings , give no om which resembles Pul . and various con
jectures , more or less plausible , have been hazarded , for the purpose of removing the difficulty . As it is the only one that presents itself in comparing these two sets of
records , considerable anxiety has been felt about it . Pul is certainly an abbreviation , for ne Assyrian name consists of a single element ; and the simplest tiling is to identify Pul and
Tiglath-Pileser . In the Assyrian annals the receipt of tribute from Menahem , king of Israel , is mentioned . The middle element of Tiglathipal-zira , might , as Mr . Smith suggests , give the
name Pul , but he , at the same time , suggests that it is quite inconceivable that the Hebrew chronicler , who gives the full name of Ti glath-Pileser so accurately , should just before corrupt it
into Pul : and he refers especially to 1 Chron v . 26 . Probably , then , the conjecture of Professor Rawlinson , i . e ., that Pul was a branch of the Royal famil y reigning in Babylonia , and
not improbably over Assyria , also , as Suzerain ; and Smith thinks we may even have the name of this Babylonian king in the legendary Belesys of Ctesias .
From this point we can follow both the history and chronology of Assyria to nearly its close , with tolerable ceitainty . It lasted about 120 or 140 years , under n . succession of known
Kings , among whom we recognise the wellknown Scriptural names of Tiglath-Pileser , Shalmaneser , Sargon , Sennacherib , and Esar-Haddon while , of the sixth , Assluir-bani-Pal , we at length ,
probably , find the name of the Greek Sardanapalus . Of the conquests of Tiglath-Pileser , against the Kings of Israel and Syria , when he took Damascus , subdued the Syrians , and car .
Aids To Study.
ned away a portion of the ten tribes of Israel , we have an account in 2 Kings , xv . 29 , 37 . xvi . 8 , 9 j 1 Chron , v . 26 , by which the prophecy of Amos was fulfilled , and fiom which it appears
that thc Assyrian empire had now become great and powerful . The next King was Shalmaneser ( B . C . 729 ) , who invaded Phoenicia , aud laidsiege to Samaria , but dying before the fall ofthe place ,
the siege was continued b y Sargon , who carried the rest of the people away , replacing them by men from Babylon , & c . Whence it appears that Babylon , at that time , at . least , was ruled by the
King of Assyria ( See 1 Kings , xvii . 6 , 24 ) . — The son and successor of Sargon ( whose existence was doubted , until the discovery of his palace at Khorsabad , by M . Botta , in 1842 ) ,
was Sennacherib ( B . C . 719 ) . It was in tbe reign of thij Prince and his successor , Esar-Haddon , that , according to Sir Isaac Newton , the Assyrian Empire reached its greatness , beint *;
united under one monarch , andcontainmir Assvria , Media , Apolloniaris , Susiann , Babylon or Chaldea , Mesopotamia , Cilicia , Syria ,. Phoenicia , Egypt , Ethiopia , and part of Arabia ; and , reaching
eastward to Elymais and Parataxrene , a province of the Medes—with Colchis and Iberia , the two Armenins , Poniiis , and Cappadocin . . as far as to the river Halys . It would appear that Esar-Haddon ,
who brought the Babylonian empire under his dominion , at first suffered it to be governed by princes or viceroys ; but his successor united it wilh Assyria .
In the reign of Ahaz ( B . C . 743 ) , Judah became tributary to Assyria ; but Hezekiah , who succeeded him in the throne ( B . C . 728 ) ,
encouraged , probably , by the circumstance of Mardoc-Empadus of Babylon , throwing orf ' the yoke , rebelled against Assyria , and incurred the resentment of his Suzerain . In the fourteenth
year of his reign , Sennacherib , the new King of Assyria , came with a large army , to reduce J ndah to obedience , and to conquer Egypt , Hezekiah submitted to this potent conqueror , and paid the
three-hr . ndred talents of silver and twenty talents of gold , which were demanded . In the meantime , Sennacherib had obtained possession of Ashdod , the key to Egppt , but deeming it unsafe
to leave unsubdued , in his rear , the kingdom of Judah , which had once thrown oft' the yoke , he resolved to subdue it , and three of his chief officers were sent , with a great host , against
Jerusalem , to invite the people to accept a complete transplantation , similar to that which had befa !! -n Israel . These officers were Tartan , the chiefgeneral ; Rab-Saris , the chief eunuch ; nnd
Rab-Shakeh , the ehiefenp-be-arear ( 2 Chron . xxxii ) . In an insolent address to the people of Jerusalem , the " great King of Assyria" defied the great God of Israel— " How much less shall vour
God deliver you out of my hand r" ( ver . 15 ) . — The piety of Hezekiah obtained the promise , that Jehovah would accept the challenge ; and no answer was given to tlie Assyrian envoys .
Kub-Shakeh hastened to the King , who was waning agaiust Libneh , on the frontier ofthe Jewish territory , towards Egypt ( 2 Kings , xix , S ) ; but Sennacherib , hearing that Tirhakah , King of
Ethiopia , who was in alliance with Egypt , was advancing against him , sent other messengers to Hezekiah , with a letter of open defiance 10 the God of Israel , which called forth the final pro-
Aids To Study.
mise of the destruction of the Assyrians , and the deliverance of Jerusalem ; and , on the same night , a miraculous pestilence , as " the angel of tho Lord" swept awav a . vast portion ofthe
Assyrian host Sennacherib returned to Nineveh , and as he was worshi pping in the house of Nisrcch , his god , two ofhis sons smote him with the sword , and escaped into the land of Armenia
leaving the throne to Esar-Haddon , his other son , who reigned in his stead ( 2 Kings , xix , 37 Isa . xxxvii . 38 . Esar-Haddon ( B . C . 680 ) renewed the wars
with Phoenicia , Syria , Armenia , Susiana , Media , Babylonia , and Asia Minor ; and he also desAbes himself as "conqueror of Egypt and Ethiopia . " He is probably the king who carried Manasseh
to Babylon , ( 2 Chron . xxxiii . 11 ) . Asshurbani-pal , ( B . C . 66 3 , ) who appears to have furnished the Grc . ks with the name of Sardanapalus , undertook a campaign against Susiana , but w . s
otherwise unknown for martial deeds ; nevertheless , in the whole history of Assyria , says Mr . Smith , we have no stronger evidence than tinder this king of that prosperity which the prophet
describes in his celebrated parable;— " The Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon , with fair branches , and with a shadowing shroud , and of
an high stature Under his shadow dwelt all nations ; .... nor was there any tree in the ga : den of God like into him in his beauty . " ( EzAiel XXXI . 3—8 ; .
From this point , the course of the empire is involved in uncertainty . Most of the authorities
agree , however , in representing the son ( Asshuremit-nin ) of the last named monarch , as succeeding him on the throne . This was either the Jast , or the Jast but one of ihe Assyrian kings ;
it being doubtful whether he is identical with the Saracus of Be rosus or not . With the latter monarch , the Assyrian Empire terminated , Nineveh being destroyed by the conjoint forces
of the Medes under Cyaxares , and the Babylonians under Nebo-Pelassar , It is vain to endeavour to recover the true history ofthe fall of Nineveh , however , by piecing together the few
extant fragments of writers who lived after the event . " After all , says Mr . Smitli ( Ancient History of the East , p . , 300 , ) " the real picture of the fall of Assyria ( as of Babylon ) , and of the
utter destruction of Nineveh , never to rise again , is drawn with the most literal truth , as well as poetic colouring , by the Jewish prophets , one of whom ( Ezekiel ) is , in fact , wriring the history
of Nineveh ' s fall as the type of Babylon ' s . " ( See Ezekiel xxxi ., 11 , 12 ; Nah . iii . 12—15-Zeph . ii . 13—15 ) . It is scarcely necessary to add , that the precise date of Nineveh ' s fa I
cannot Le fixed . The choice lies between B . C . 625 , and B . C . 606 . The old writers give the latter date , but the English school of
Assyriologers , represented by Sir Henry and Professor Rawlinson , adopt the former , which is fixed by the Canon as tJiat of Nebopolassar ' s accession ; 1 t Babylon .
Microscopical inve ligation has pose I t ' ir . t t e suhstances which accumul . te between t ; e- tea 1 coi . t iin animal and vegetable paiasites , and i .. at tbet . k . u pnw-dcis , partes , ; i ! id washes in general n-e h .-ue nn e . 'Tee : upon ti . ese . Messrs . Gabtiel's Coialilj Tojt . i-paste and lioyal i . ' ei . t . ifice
( soul hy all el , enlists and peifunie-is at is . 0 . 1 . per box * completely de-t . oy and icnnne t .: c-e animalcula * , an I also piese . ee anil be . u . tify Ihe teeth . I \ e |> a , e 1 only Ly Messis . Gabiid , t . ie old established dentists , 64 , Ladgate Hill , and 56 , llailsy-street , Cavendish-square , London , where they practise their unique system of painless dentistry *
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Aids to Study j jg The Orders of the Temple and Hospital ijfio CORRESPONDENCE : — Masons at Public . Meetings 5 62 Provincial Grand Officers cG 2
Bro . Hughan and Grind Lodge 5 62 Reviews 5 6 3 Masonic Tidings 5 6 3 Canterbury Cathedral 5 64 CRAFT MASONRY : —
i \ etropohtan 5 6 5 Provincial 5 66 ROYAL ARCH : — Provincial 5 66 RED CROSS OF CONSTANTINE -.
—Metropolitan 5 06 South Africa s / ifi Wc-tern Australia 5 (> - Masonic Notes and Queries , 5 C 8 OBITUARY : —
Bro . John Donkin 5 60 Bio . J . C . Relph 5 f , rj Bro . Chas . Wigan ^ iiy Masonic Meetings for next week 5 6 9 Aclveitisements JJ ,-, S , -jro , -rri , 572
Aids To Study.
AIDS TO STUDY .
BY BRO . WM . CARPENTKU , P . M . and P . Z . 177 XII . In the brief glance which was taken of the old Assyrian emp ' re in my last paper , Pul was spoken of as the Assyrian monarch who invaded Israel and exacted tribute from Menahem ,
about 760 B . C . But there is some doubt as to the identity of this monarch , and some difficulty in harmonising the Assyrian annals with the
chronicles of the Hebrew monarchy . Tin former , in their series of kings , give no om which resembles Pul . and various con
jectures , more or less plausible , have been hazarded , for the purpose of removing the difficulty . As it is the only one that presents itself in comparing these two sets of
records , considerable anxiety has been felt about it . Pul is certainly an abbreviation , for ne Assyrian name consists of a single element ; and the simplest tiling is to identify Pul and
Tiglath-Pileser . In the Assyrian annals the receipt of tribute from Menahem , king of Israel , is mentioned . The middle element of Tiglathipal-zira , might , as Mr . Smith suggests , give the
name Pul , but he , at the same time , suggests that it is quite inconceivable that the Hebrew chronicler , who gives the full name of Ti glath-Pileser so accurately , should just before corrupt it
into Pul : and he refers especially to 1 Chron v . 26 . Probably , then , the conjecture of Professor Rawlinson , i . e ., that Pul was a branch of the Royal famil y reigning in Babylonia , and
not improbably over Assyria , also , as Suzerain ; and Smith thinks we may even have the name of this Babylonian king in the legendary Belesys of Ctesias .
From this point we can follow both the history and chronology of Assyria to nearly its close , with tolerable ceitainty . It lasted about 120 or 140 years , under n . succession of known
Kings , among whom we recognise the wellknown Scriptural names of Tiglath-Pileser , Shalmaneser , Sargon , Sennacherib , and Esar-Haddon while , of the sixth , Assluir-bani-Pal , we at length ,
probably , find the name of the Greek Sardanapalus . Of the conquests of Tiglath-Pileser , against the Kings of Israel and Syria , when he took Damascus , subdued the Syrians , and car .
Aids To Study.
ned away a portion of the ten tribes of Israel , we have an account in 2 Kings , xv . 29 , 37 . xvi . 8 , 9 j 1 Chron , v . 26 , by which the prophecy of Amos was fulfilled , and fiom which it appears
that thc Assyrian empire had now become great and powerful . The next King was Shalmaneser ( B . C . 729 ) , who invaded Phoenicia , aud laidsiege to Samaria , but dying before the fall ofthe place ,
the siege was continued b y Sargon , who carried the rest of the people away , replacing them by men from Babylon , & c . Whence it appears that Babylon , at that time , at . least , was ruled by the
King of Assyria ( See 1 Kings , xvii . 6 , 24 ) . — The son and successor of Sargon ( whose existence was doubted , until the discovery of his palace at Khorsabad , by M . Botta , in 1842 ) ,
was Sennacherib ( B . C . 719 ) . It was in tbe reign of thij Prince and his successor , Esar-Haddon , that , according to Sir Isaac Newton , the Assyrian Empire reached its greatness , beint *;
united under one monarch , andcontainmir Assvria , Media , Apolloniaris , Susiann , Babylon or Chaldea , Mesopotamia , Cilicia , Syria ,. Phoenicia , Egypt , Ethiopia , and part of Arabia ; and , reaching
eastward to Elymais and Parataxrene , a province of the Medes—with Colchis and Iberia , the two Armenins , Poniiis , and Cappadocin . . as far as to the river Halys . It would appear that Esar-Haddon ,
who brought the Babylonian empire under his dominion , at first suffered it to be governed by princes or viceroys ; but his successor united it wilh Assyria .
In the reign of Ahaz ( B . C . 743 ) , Judah became tributary to Assyria ; but Hezekiah , who succeeded him in the throne ( B . C . 728 ) ,
encouraged , probably , by the circumstance of Mardoc-Empadus of Babylon , throwing orf ' the yoke , rebelled against Assyria , and incurred the resentment of his Suzerain . In the fourteenth
year of his reign , Sennacherib , the new King of Assyria , came with a large army , to reduce J ndah to obedience , and to conquer Egypt , Hezekiah submitted to this potent conqueror , and paid the
three-hr . ndred talents of silver and twenty talents of gold , which were demanded . In the meantime , Sennacherib had obtained possession of Ashdod , the key to Egppt , but deeming it unsafe
to leave unsubdued , in his rear , the kingdom of Judah , which had once thrown oft' the yoke , he resolved to subdue it , and three of his chief officers were sent , with a great host , against
Jerusalem , to invite the people to accept a complete transplantation , similar to that which had befa !! -n Israel . These officers were Tartan , the chiefgeneral ; Rab-Saris , the chief eunuch ; nnd
Rab-Shakeh , the ehiefenp-be-arear ( 2 Chron . xxxii ) . In an insolent address to the people of Jerusalem , the " great King of Assyria" defied the great God of Israel— " How much less shall vour
God deliver you out of my hand r" ( ver . 15 ) . — The piety of Hezekiah obtained the promise , that Jehovah would accept the challenge ; and no answer was given to tlie Assyrian envoys .
Kub-Shakeh hastened to the King , who was waning agaiust Libneh , on the frontier ofthe Jewish territory , towards Egypt ( 2 Kings , xix , S ) ; but Sennacherib , hearing that Tirhakah , King of
Ethiopia , who was in alliance with Egypt , was advancing against him , sent other messengers to Hezekiah , with a letter of open defiance 10 the God of Israel , which called forth the final pro-
Aids To Study.
mise of the destruction of the Assyrians , and the deliverance of Jerusalem ; and , on the same night , a miraculous pestilence , as " the angel of tho Lord" swept awav a . vast portion ofthe
Assyrian host Sennacherib returned to Nineveh , and as he was worshi pping in the house of Nisrcch , his god , two ofhis sons smote him with the sword , and escaped into the land of Armenia
leaving the throne to Esar-Haddon , his other son , who reigned in his stead ( 2 Kings , xix , 37 Isa . xxxvii . 38 . Esar-Haddon ( B . C . 680 ) renewed the wars
with Phoenicia , Syria , Armenia , Susiana , Media , Babylonia , and Asia Minor ; and he also desAbes himself as "conqueror of Egypt and Ethiopia . " He is probably the king who carried Manasseh
to Babylon , ( 2 Chron . xxxiii . 11 ) . Asshurbani-pal , ( B . C . 66 3 , ) who appears to have furnished the Grc . ks with the name of Sardanapalus , undertook a campaign against Susiana , but w . s
otherwise unknown for martial deeds ; nevertheless , in the whole history of Assyria , says Mr . Smith , we have no stronger evidence than tinder this king of that prosperity which the prophet
describes in his celebrated parable;— " The Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon , with fair branches , and with a shadowing shroud , and of
an high stature Under his shadow dwelt all nations ; .... nor was there any tree in the ga : den of God like into him in his beauty . " ( EzAiel XXXI . 3—8 ; .
From this point , the course of the empire is involved in uncertainty . Most of the authorities
agree , however , in representing the son ( Asshuremit-nin ) of the last named monarch , as succeeding him on the throne . This was either the Jast , or the Jast but one of ihe Assyrian kings ;
it being doubtful whether he is identical with the Saracus of Be rosus or not . With the latter monarch , the Assyrian Empire terminated , Nineveh being destroyed by the conjoint forces
of the Medes under Cyaxares , and the Babylonians under Nebo-Pelassar , It is vain to endeavour to recover the true history ofthe fall of Nineveh , however , by piecing together the few
extant fragments of writers who lived after the event . " After all , says Mr . Smitli ( Ancient History of the East , p . , 300 , ) " the real picture of the fall of Assyria ( as of Babylon ) , and of the
utter destruction of Nineveh , never to rise again , is drawn with the most literal truth , as well as poetic colouring , by the Jewish prophets , one of whom ( Ezekiel ) is , in fact , wriring the history
of Nineveh ' s fall as the type of Babylon ' s . " ( See Ezekiel xxxi ., 11 , 12 ; Nah . iii . 12—15-Zeph . ii . 13—15 ) . It is scarcely necessary to add , that the precise date of Nineveh ' s fa I
cannot Le fixed . The choice lies between B . C . 625 , and B . C . 606 . The old writers give the latter date , but the English school of
Assyriologers , represented by Sir Henry and Professor Rawlinson , adopt the former , which is fixed by the Canon as tJiat of Nebopolassar ' s accession ; 1 t Babylon .
Microscopical inve ligation has pose I t ' ir . t t e suhstances which accumul . te between t ; e- tea 1 coi . t iin animal and vegetable paiasites , and i .. at tbet . k . u pnw-dcis , partes , ; i ! id washes in general n-e h .-ue nn e . 'Tee : upon ti . ese . Messrs . Gabtiel's Coialilj Tojt . i-paste and lioyal i . ' ei . t . ifice
( soul hy all el , enlists and peifunie-is at is . 0 . 1 . per box * completely de-t . oy and icnnne t .: c-e animalcula * , an I also piese . ee anil be . u . tify Ihe teeth . I \ e |> a , e 1 only Ly Messis . Gabiid , t . ie old established dentists , 64 , Ladgate Hill , and 56 , llailsy-street , Cavendish-square , London , where they practise their unique system of painless dentistry *