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Article SUPREME COUNCIL, NEW YORK. Page 1 of 1 Article SUPREME COUNCIL, NEW YORK. Page 1 of 1 Article SUPREME COUNCIL, NEW YORK. Page 1 of 1 Article FREEMASONRY IN IRELAND. Page 1 of 2 →
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Supreme Council, New York.
SUPREME COUNCIL , NEW YORK .
REPORT , OF ILL . BRO . ALBERT O . GOODALL , GRAND REPRESENTATIVE , ON FOREIGN RELATIONS . To the Supreme Council of Sov . Gr . Ins . Gen . of the 33 ntf and last degree Ancient Accepted Rite , for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction , U . S . A . ( Continued from page 57 . )
ITALY , That interesting historical land which , for the past fifteen centuries has filled such varied positions in the family of European nations , aud given to the world those gems of poetry , literature , art and science that are still the standard and the
admiration of all countries ; but Italy , with all its bright historical memories , has , like Spain and Portugal , had the black pall drawn heavily over its fair land , and its inhabitants made to drink deep of the bitter cup of persecution under its cruel and despotic pagan , Christian and political rulers , and has never
been a fruitful field for the proper practice and development of Freemasonry . The bulls : md anathemas so profusely hurled forth by the Popish powers against the Order in other countries was not likely to permit the Order to exist or prosper in the land of the Eternal citv : and so the same cruel hatred
and barbarous persecutions of the Inquisition were extended in full force , and inhuman cruelties against the Fraternity throughout Italy so long as priestly and despotic power could exercise such intolerant authority . But amidst all this dark period , when nations were crushed , light extinguished , and
ignorance ruled , Masonry was introduced , and has maintained its existence under variable and alternate phases of success and suppression . The first lodge appears to have been established at Florence , in 1733 , by Lord Charles S . ckville , with authority from England ; and in 1736
numerous lodges were iu existence , located in the principal cities of Northern Italy ; but in 1737 cainethe first fatal mandate from the house of the Moticis , and the Order was strictly prohibited , and the persecutions from Rome began their pleasing work of torture and death . For a time a controversy ensued
between the Holy See and some of the rulers that wished to favor the Order , but the hatred and power of Clement XII . predominated , and his wellknown bull of 1738 soon had the effect of dimming the light and opposing the progress of Masonry ,
while Na ; les and Sicily appear to have been especially selected by the Inquisition for the full exercise of its torture aud persecution , aided by the civil powers , against the Fraternity ; and the punishment , sufferings , and misfortunes of the members are given by many authors on that subject .
NAPLES . From about 1750 to 1765 , several foreign lodges were established at Naples , with authority from France , Holland and England ( the latter having a Provincial Gr . Lodge ); but these bodies did not work in harmony , as national prejudices appear to have
divided the Craft , and a Grand National Lodge was formed in 1762 , and for a time flourished ; but political intrigue and partizan feeling unfortunately again put the members in the power of their enemies and the persecution continued till Queen Caroline came to the rescue , and , bv her influence , the Order
was revved in 1776 , and the National Grand Lodge resumed labor . New lodges were instituted , which continued with varied success , under the jealous and watchful priesthood and treacherous despotic government . Under the French rule and power , Masonry was again revived , and another Grand Lodge was
established at Naples on the 24 th of June , 1809 , and Murat , King of Naples , occup ' ed the Grand Mastership ; but the ceremonies were all in accord with French customs and ideas , and the nativo element participated to a very limited extent during that period . When the Napoleon dynasty fell , so did Masonry , as the persecutions were renewed and vigorously enforced by the ecclesiastical and civil
powers . Soon after this period the secret organization of the " Carbonari , " or Colliers , was organized , and although totally distinct iu all features from Freemasonry , and exclusively a political union for freeing their country from despotic power , Popish and
foreign yoke , yet Masonry had to suffer by its enemies making it appear that its principles were the same , which time had proved to be contrary , and nobly vindicated the Masonic Society . During the Bourbon dynasty , the Order was strictly prohibited , and it is not known if any lodges retained their organization : if so , it was iu the greatest secrccv .
After the revolutionary success of Garibaldi and expulsion of tho Bourbons , the Grand Lodge was revived at Naples . Since then there has been a rather comical and decidedly irregular mixed combination of authority ; but at present the Grand Body iU Naples is known as the "Grand Lodge Sebczia , " and has many symbolic lodges under its jurisdiction . PALERMO . Tho island of Sicily has long been noted for tho
Supreme Council, New York.
workings of the Craft , and documents , lately brought forth from their long hidden recesses , show that lodges were established at Palermo , Messina and Girgcnti , in 1730 , by the foreign merchants and traders to these ports . According to one account , only the first and second degrees were given , the
third being added many years later , and the authority under which they worked went from England and Scotland . The fate and persecutions of the Fraternity were the same as those at Naples ; and there are many now living who give most interesting and thrilling accounts of the manner , and with what
secrecy they were initiated in the caves and isolated places in the vicinity of the cities ; and many a sad history is given of those who suffered torture and death . But here , as in all other places where Masonry had taken root , the severest acts of the Inquisition aud civil powers failed to crush out the
existence of the Order ; and owing the French occupation of Southern Italy , new lodges were established with authority from England , France and the United States , there being an extensive trade with the latter . During the dark political rule of the
Bourbon dynasty , when freedom was crushed and tyranny governed , Masonry had to close its portals , conceal the jewels , and , in many instances , destroy the furniture to escape their watchful and merciless persecutors . This state of things continued till the successful revolution under Garibaldi at Palermo
in 1860 , again struck off the shackles of despotism and gave freedom to the nation . Masonry immediately revived , and the lodges gradually resumed their labors . In 1861 , three Italians while visiting New Orleans , claim to have received the 33 rd degree from an
irregular and spurious Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Rite in that city ; the names of the parties given are Guiseppe Tortorici , Nicola Collura aud Guiseppe Juglusmini . One or all of these parties returned to Sicily , in 1861 , and under the professed impression that they possessed lawful
Masonic and dogmatic powers , proceeded to form and constitute a Supreme Council and Grand Orient Ancient Accepted Rite for Italy , at Palermo , aud claim to have incorporated under its authority all the lodges upon the Island of Sicily , and many in Naples and other parts of Southern Italy . In 1862 ,
Gen . Guiseppe Garibaldi was elected Grand Master and Sov . Grand Commander , and duly installed as such at Palermo . In May last the Supreme Council and the Central Grand Lodge held an extraordinary session at Pahnero , relating to a general improvement in their
organization for the better government and interest of the Order in that Jurisdiction . Printed , certified copies of these proceedings I enclose herewith ; some important decrees and interesting items appear therein , such as the establishment of Sunday Schools in or under direction of the lodges , the system of
reforms and progress of the Order , a communication to Garibaldi to learn exactly what are his intentions concerning their Grand Body , and as an illustration of the amount of business being done give the item of ± ' 15 , 837 , or about 70 , 000 dols ., received for initiations only . They claim to have under their
Jurisdiction at this date , about one hundred lodges , twelve chapters Rose Croix , and one Consistory ; as yet they have not been recognised by any foreign Grand Body , having only applied for the same to the Supreme Council of England , & e ., who very properly refused their request in consequence of the
spurious source from winch tho Palermo Body emanated . They now ask through their representative in London , that our Supreme Council will take into consideration their condition of having innocently accepted authority from parties they did not know were spurious , and ask that they may be
legalized , or have a new and regular power granted that will admit them to the grand universal family of brotherhood throughout the world . From their candid admissions , regular adherence to the laws and usages of the Order , extent of numbers , and earliest desire to act upon the square , iu conformity
with our ancient laws , I must cheerfully recommend their petition to your favorable consideration . A copy of the diploma given to Guiseppe Tortorici , by the Supreme Body , dated at New Orleans , March 28 th , 1801 , and signed by James Foulhouz , is enclosed herewith .
TURIN . is the next claimant for a Grand Body , and presents as diversified a history as the other sections of the country , with a repetition of the early persecution and sufferings of its members . In 1848 , III . Bro . Ferdinando Ghersi , 33 ° , claims
the honor of having regularly constituted a Supreme Council and Grand Orient , Ancient Accepted Rite , Valley of the Po , at Turin , for all Italy , he being at that time the oldest Mason in that country , but it appears that this right of authority was contested
by a Grand Body at Palermo . During this period Lombardy was favored with a more liberal government , while Central and Southern Italy was under the despotic rule of Church and State , and Masonry continued its organization undisturbed in Turin , and so long as that city was the capital of the king-
Supreme Council, New York.
d 0 m < everything appeared to progress in harmony . In 1863 , difficulties and dissentions occurred relative to changing the location of the Grand Body to Florence , and a separation occurred ; the interested political parties withdrawing from the regular Body , for the purpose of establishing the new Grand Orient
at the capital . The Supreme Council was immediately reorganized declining to change its Orient , and has continued its regularauthoritytothepresentdate The Grand Lodge , Pietro Micca , is the rather singular title of the governing Body for the Symbolic Lodges under jurisdiction of the Supreme Council .
The official communicatiou and protest from this Supreme Body , relative to the irregular proceedings of the new body at Florence , deserve special attention . As yet I have not been able to ascertain the number of lodges and chapters working under this Turin Grand Body . ( To be continued !)
Freemasonry In Ireland.
FREEMASONRY IN IRELAND .
The following is an extract from the first Book ol Constitutions ever printed in Ireland , bearing date 1730 : —
" . Nor must we forget the famous kingdom of Ireland , which , according to Cambrensis , was inhabited before the flood . But be that how it will , of this we are certain , that about three hundred years after the flood , and one hundred and forty-six after the confusion of Babel , ( An Mundi , 1056 , Ante Ch ., 2048 ) Bartholan , son of Sera , of the offspring of Japhet ,
came and planted a colony here ; and afterwards Nemethus , a Scythian , with his four sons , came and planted colonies in this island , but in short time was expelled by the inhabitants aforesaid ; and about two hundred years after his expulsion , the five sons of Dela , from Greece , of the posterity of Nemethus , brought new colonies into Ireland , and having
subdued it , divided the kingdom amongst them . " About three hundred and seventy years before the birth of Christ , the four sons of Milesius , the Spaniard , with a fleet of sixty sail , came to Ireland , subdued the kingdom , settled themselves in several parts of it , planted colonies and erected lodges . " And in short time after many famous schools of
learning were erected in Ireland , to which the Britons , Saxons and Gauls , resorted for learning . See Bede ' s Eccl . Hist .. Lib . 3 , 27 ; Alcunius , Lib . 7 , 4 , & c . " When Christianity reached this Island , ( Anno Dom . 432 ) Masonry began to be much in request ; for when St . Patrick was sent to Ireland , he converted tho natives to the Christian faith , and founded the
Cathedral of St . Patrick , at Ardmagh , which was rebuilt by Patrick Scanlain , Archbishop of Ardmagh , Anno Dom . 1262 , and the Priory of St . Dabcoc , or Avog , in Lough Derg , was founded by St . Patrick and St . Dubeoc , nigh the famous cave commonly called St . Patrick ' s Purgatory . "The ancient and principal Seat-Royal of tho
kingdom , for a long time , was Parah , in the county of Meath , where their solemn Feasts and Royal Assemblies were held at certain seasons ; and there ( Anno Dom . 455 ) King Lagariuskept their royal seat . Small remains of that ancient and noble building is to be seen at . this day . " The church of St . Mac Nisius , in Connor , was
founded by Engus Mac Nisius , about A . D . 490 , and St . Patrick's Cathedral , in Down , was founded by St . Cuilan , Anno 500 . " Ihe abbey of St . Coman , in Roscommon , was founded by Coman ; and the Cathedral of St . Finian , in Clonard , was founded about the same
time ( Anno Dom . 550 ) by St . Finian , a man eminent for piety and learning . " The present church of the Blessed Trinity , commonly called Christ ' s Church , in Dublin , was built by Sitricus , a Dane , and Donatus , Archbishop of Dublin , Anno 1038 .
" Roderick O Connor , King of Connaught , was an excellent Mason ; who , among his other works , built ( Anno Dom . 1161 ) a stately Stone Castle , at Tuam , which was called by the Irish the Wonderful Castle .
"The priory of St . John the Baptist , at Kilmainham , was founded by Richard Strongboro' Earl of Pembroke , Anno Dom . 1174 ; and the Cathedral of St . Bar , or Finbar , was built by St . Bar , at the samo time .
" John De Courcy , Earl of Kingsad , was an excellent architect ; ho built the present St . Patrick ' s Cathedral , in Down , and the Priory of St . John tho Baptist , St . Mary ' s Abbey of lnnis , and the Priory of iN ' cddrum , with many others , Anno Dom . 1183 ; and the Priory of St . John the Baptist , without Newgate , in Dublin , was built by Alured C . Palmer , a Dane , Anno Dom . 1188 .
^ . j" The present St . Patrick ' s Cathedral , in Dublin , was built by John Comin , Archbishop of Dublin , Anno Dom . 1190 . The Priorv of St . John , in Kilkenny , by William Marcscall , Earl of Pembroke , Anno Dom . 1211 ; and Felix O'Rnaden , Archbishop of Tuam , rebuilt St . Mnry's Abbey , in Dublin , Anno Dom . 1230 , and covered it with lead . It was first founded by the Danes , in Anno 984 .
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Supreme Council, New York.
SUPREME COUNCIL , NEW YORK .
REPORT , OF ILL . BRO . ALBERT O . GOODALL , GRAND REPRESENTATIVE , ON FOREIGN RELATIONS . To the Supreme Council of Sov . Gr . Ins . Gen . of the 33 ntf and last degree Ancient Accepted Rite , for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction , U . S . A . ( Continued from page 57 . )
ITALY , That interesting historical land which , for the past fifteen centuries has filled such varied positions in the family of European nations , aud given to the world those gems of poetry , literature , art and science that are still the standard and the
admiration of all countries ; but Italy , with all its bright historical memories , has , like Spain and Portugal , had the black pall drawn heavily over its fair land , and its inhabitants made to drink deep of the bitter cup of persecution under its cruel and despotic pagan , Christian and political rulers , and has never
been a fruitful field for the proper practice and development of Freemasonry . The bulls : md anathemas so profusely hurled forth by the Popish powers against the Order in other countries was not likely to permit the Order to exist or prosper in the land of the Eternal citv : and so the same cruel hatred
and barbarous persecutions of the Inquisition were extended in full force , and inhuman cruelties against the Fraternity throughout Italy so long as priestly and despotic power could exercise such intolerant authority . But amidst all this dark period , when nations were crushed , light extinguished , and
ignorance ruled , Masonry was introduced , and has maintained its existence under variable and alternate phases of success and suppression . The first lodge appears to have been established at Florence , in 1733 , by Lord Charles S . ckville , with authority from England ; and in 1736
numerous lodges were iu existence , located in the principal cities of Northern Italy ; but in 1737 cainethe first fatal mandate from the house of the Moticis , and the Order was strictly prohibited , and the persecutions from Rome began their pleasing work of torture and death . For a time a controversy ensued
between the Holy See and some of the rulers that wished to favor the Order , but the hatred and power of Clement XII . predominated , and his wellknown bull of 1738 soon had the effect of dimming the light and opposing the progress of Masonry ,
while Na ; les and Sicily appear to have been especially selected by the Inquisition for the full exercise of its torture aud persecution , aided by the civil powers , against the Fraternity ; and the punishment , sufferings , and misfortunes of the members are given by many authors on that subject .
NAPLES . From about 1750 to 1765 , several foreign lodges were established at Naples , with authority from France , Holland and England ( the latter having a Provincial Gr . Lodge ); but these bodies did not work in harmony , as national prejudices appear to have
divided the Craft , and a Grand National Lodge was formed in 1762 , and for a time flourished ; but political intrigue and partizan feeling unfortunately again put the members in the power of their enemies and the persecution continued till Queen Caroline came to the rescue , and , bv her influence , the Order
was revved in 1776 , and the National Grand Lodge resumed labor . New lodges were instituted , which continued with varied success , under the jealous and watchful priesthood and treacherous despotic government . Under the French rule and power , Masonry was again revived , and another Grand Lodge was
established at Naples on the 24 th of June , 1809 , and Murat , King of Naples , occup ' ed the Grand Mastership ; but the ceremonies were all in accord with French customs and ideas , and the nativo element participated to a very limited extent during that period . When the Napoleon dynasty fell , so did Masonry , as the persecutions were renewed and vigorously enforced by the ecclesiastical and civil
powers . Soon after this period the secret organization of the " Carbonari , " or Colliers , was organized , and although totally distinct iu all features from Freemasonry , and exclusively a political union for freeing their country from despotic power , Popish and
foreign yoke , yet Masonry had to suffer by its enemies making it appear that its principles were the same , which time had proved to be contrary , and nobly vindicated the Masonic Society . During the Bourbon dynasty , the Order was strictly prohibited , and it is not known if any lodges retained their organization : if so , it was iu the greatest secrccv .
After the revolutionary success of Garibaldi and expulsion of tho Bourbons , the Grand Lodge was revived at Naples . Since then there has been a rather comical and decidedly irregular mixed combination of authority ; but at present the Grand Body iU Naples is known as the "Grand Lodge Sebczia , " and has many symbolic lodges under its jurisdiction . PALERMO . Tho island of Sicily has long been noted for tho
Supreme Council, New York.
workings of the Craft , and documents , lately brought forth from their long hidden recesses , show that lodges were established at Palermo , Messina and Girgcnti , in 1730 , by the foreign merchants and traders to these ports . According to one account , only the first and second degrees were given , the
third being added many years later , and the authority under which they worked went from England and Scotland . The fate and persecutions of the Fraternity were the same as those at Naples ; and there are many now living who give most interesting and thrilling accounts of the manner , and with what
secrecy they were initiated in the caves and isolated places in the vicinity of the cities ; and many a sad history is given of those who suffered torture and death . But here , as in all other places where Masonry had taken root , the severest acts of the Inquisition aud civil powers failed to crush out the
existence of the Order ; and owing the French occupation of Southern Italy , new lodges were established with authority from England , France and the United States , there being an extensive trade with the latter . During the dark political rule of the
Bourbon dynasty , when freedom was crushed and tyranny governed , Masonry had to close its portals , conceal the jewels , and , in many instances , destroy the furniture to escape their watchful and merciless persecutors . This state of things continued till the successful revolution under Garibaldi at Palermo
in 1860 , again struck off the shackles of despotism and gave freedom to the nation . Masonry immediately revived , and the lodges gradually resumed their labors . In 1861 , three Italians while visiting New Orleans , claim to have received the 33 rd degree from an
irregular and spurious Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Rite in that city ; the names of the parties given are Guiseppe Tortorici , Nicola Collura aud Guiseppe Juglusmini . One or all of these parties returned to Sicily , in 1861 , and under the professed impression that they possessed lawful
Masonic and dogmatic powers , proceeded to form and constitute a Supreme Council and Grand Orient Ancient Accepted Rite for Italy , at Palermo , aud claim to have incorporated under its authority all the lodges upon the Island of Sicily , and many in Naples and other parts of Southern Italy . In 1862 ,
Gen . Guiseppe Garibaldi was elected Grand Master and Sov . Grand Commander , and duly installed as such at Palermo . In May last the Supreme Council and the Central Grand Lodge held an extraordinary session at Pahnero , relating to a general improvement in their
organization for the better government and interest of the Order in that Jurisdiction . Printed , certified copies of these proceedings I enclose herewith ; some important decrees and interesting items appear therein , such as the establishment of Sunday Schools in or under direction of the lodges , the system of
reforms and progress of the Order , a communication to Garibaldi to learn exactly what are his intentions concerning their Grand Body , and as an illustration of the amount of business being done give the item of ± ' 15 , 837 , or about 70 , 000 dols ., received for initiations only . They claim to have under their
Jurisdiction at this date , about one hundred lodges , twelve chapters Rose Croix , and one Consistory ; as yet they have not been recognised by any foreign Grand Body , having only applied for the same to the Supreme Council of England , & e ., who very properly refused their request in consequence of the
spurious source from winch tho Palermo Body emanated . They now ask through their representative in London , that our Supreme Council will take into consideration their condition of having innocently accepted authority from parties they did not know were spurious , and ask that they may be
legalized , or have a new and regular power granted that will admit them to the grand universal family of brotherhood throughout the world . From their candid admissions , regular adherence to the laws and usages of the Order , extent of numbers , and earliest desire to act upon the square , iu conformity
with our ancient laws , I must cheerfully recommend their petition to your favorable consideration . A copy of the diploma given to Guiseppe Tortorici , by the Supreme Body , dated at New Orleans , March 28 th , 1801 , and signed by James Foulhouz , is enclosed herewith .
TURIN . is the next claimant for a Grand Body , and presents as diversified a history as the other sections of the country , with a repetition of the early persecution and sufferings of its members . In 1848 , III . Bro . Ferdinando Ghersi , 33 ° , claims
the honor of having regularly constituted a Supreme Council and Grand Orient , Ancient Accepted Rite , Valley of the Po , at Turin , for all Italy , he being at that time the oldest Mason in that country , but it appears that this right of authority was contested
by a Grand Body at Palermo . During this period Lombardy was favored with a more liberal government , while Central and Southern Italy was under the despotic rule of Church and State , and Masonry continued its organization undisturbed in Turin , and so long as that city was the capital of the king-
Supreme Council, New York.
d 0 m < everything appeared to progress in harmony . In 1863 , difficulties and dissentions occurred relative to changing the location of the Grand Body to Florence , and a separation occurred ; the interested political parties withdrawing from the regular Body , for the purpose of establishing the new Grand Orient
at the capital . The Supreme Council was immediately reorganized declining to change its Orient , and has continued its regularauthoritytothepresentdate The Grand Lodge , Pietro Micca , is the rather singular title of the governing Body for the Symbolic Lodges under jurisdiction of the Supreme Council .
The official communicatiou and protest from this Supreme Body , relative to the irregular proceedings of the new body at Florence , deserve special attention . As yet I have not been able to ascertain the number of lodges and chapters working under this Turin Grand Body . ( To be continued !)
Freemasonry In Ireland.
FREEMASONRY IN IRELAND .
The following is an extract from the first Book ol Constitutions ever printed in Ireland , bearing date 1730 : —
" . Nor must we forget the famous kingdom of Ireland , which , according to Cambrensis , was inhabited before the flood . But be that how it will , of this we are certain , that about three hundred years after the flood , and one hundred and forty-six after the confusion of Babel , ( An Mundi , 1056 , Ante Ch ., 2048 ) Bartholan , son of Sera , of the offspring of Japhet ,
came and planted a colony here ; and afterwards Nemethus , a Scythian , with his four sons , came and planted colonies in this island , but in short time was expelled by the inhabitants aforesaid ; and about two hundred years after his expulsion , the five sons of Dela , from Greece , of the posterity of Nemethus , brought new colonies into Ireland , and having
subdued it , divided the kingdom amongst them . " About three hundred and seventy years before the birth of Christ , the four sons of Milesius , the Spaniard , with a fleet of sixty sail , came to Ireland , subdued the kingdom , settled themselves in several parts of it , planted colonies and erected lodges . " And in short time after many famous schools of
learning were erected in Ireland , to which the Britons , Saxons and Gauls , resorted for learning . See Bede ' s Eccl . Hist .. Lib . 3 , 27 ; Alcunius , Lib . 7 , 4 , & c . " When Christianity reached this Island , ( Anno Dom . 432 ) Masonry began to be much in request ; for when St . Patrick was sent to Ireland , he converted tho natives to the Christian faith , and founded the
Cathedral of St . Patrick , at Ardmagh , which was rebuilt by Patrick Scanlain , Archbishop of Ardmagh , Anno Dom . 1262 , and the Priory of St . Dabcoc , or Avog , in Lough Derg , was founded by St . Patrick and St . Dubeoc , nigh the famous cave commonly called St . Patrick ' s Purgatory . "The ancient and principal Seat-Royal of tho
kingdom , for a long time , was Parah , in the county of Meath , where their solemn Feasts and Royal Assemblies were held at certain seasons ; and there ( Anno Dom . 455 ) King Lagariuskept their royal seat . Small remains of that ancient and noble building is to be seen at . this day . " The church of St . Mac Nisius , in Connor , was
founded by Engus Mac Nisius , about A . D . 490 , and St . Patrick's Cathedral , in Down , was founded by St . Cuilan , Anno 500 . " Ihe abbey of St . Coman , in Roscommon , was founded by Coman ; and the Cathedral of St . Finian , in Clonard , was founded about the same
time ( Anno Dom . 550 ) by St . Finian , a man eminent for piety and learning . " The present church of the Blessed Trinity , commonly called Christ ' s Church , in Dublin , was built by Sitricus , a Dane , and Donatus , Archbishop of Dublin , Anno 1038 .
" Roderick O Connor , King of Connaught , was an excellent Mason ; who , among his other works , built ( Anno Dom . 1161 ) a stately Stone Castle , at Tuam , which was called by the Irish the Wonderful Castle .
"The priory of St . John the Baptist , at Kilmainham , was founded by Richard Strongboro' Earl of Pembroke , Anno Dom . 1174 ; and the Cathedral of St . Bar , or Finbar , was built by St . Bar , at the samo time .
" John De Courcy , Earl of Kingsad , was an excellent architect ; ho built the present St . Patrick ' s Cathedral , in Down , and the Priory of St . John tho Baptist , St . Mary ' s Abbey of lnnis , and the Priory of iN ' cddrum , with many others , Anno Dom . 1183 ; and the Priory of St . John the Baptist , without Newgate , in Dublin , was built by Alured C . Palmer , a Dane , Anno Dom . 1188 .
^ . j" The present St . Patrick ' s Cathedral , in Dublin , was built by John Comin , Archbishop of Dublin , Anno Dom . 1190 . The Priorv of St . John , in Kilkenny , by William Marcscall , Earl of Pembroke , Anno Dom . 1211 ; and Felix O'Rnaden , Archbishop of Tuam , rebuilt St . Mnry's Abbey , in Dublin , Anno Dom . 1230 , and covered it with lead . It was first founded by the Danes , in Anno 984 .