Ornamented And Stained Glass.

to the place where similar Avork can be supplied . In course of time a coloured drawing on a small scale is made , embodying his ideas ; if approved , aud the order given , the glass-painter commences his Avork . Instead of a board the size of the window , used by the ancient glass-painters ( large

sheets of paper not then being invented ) a fullsized drawing is made on thick paper ; this is called a cartoon . A length of common glazed lining-muslin , the same as ladies' dresses are lined Avith , is laid all over it , and the outside shapes of the hands , head , feet , drapery-lines , & c ,

are marked on it iii black ink each of the shapes thus marked out represents a separate piece of glass , which , with the diamond , are cut out of sheets of coloured glass , coloured all through when the glass itself Avas made , not stained afterwards . There is ouly one stain , and that is yellow . There is 140 different tints of colour UOAV made to

select from , instead of six or eight , as m the thirteenth century . The pieces of glass are then fitted together on the lining-muslin , and the features and lines of the drapery are then painted on the glass with opaque enamel . There are IIOAV made large sheets of thick Avhite

glass , and on these the pieces of coloured glass forming the picture are fastened , by dropping from a pallet-knife a few drops of melted bees-wax and resin round each . The painting in progress can then be held up to the light , and alterations made if necessary . In this state the shadowing is done ;

it is not really shadowing , as understood in ordinary painting , for coloured glass is too beautiful a material to be obscured Avith shadow , but consists in toning down the too prominent parts and giving value to others . For instance , if the hair of the headexpressed by lines traced on the

, glass , has not sufficient force , a film of enamel colour , either grey or broAvn , is painted all OA er it ; and force is given to drapery folds , Avhich are expressed by strong black lines only , by indicating their form in a similar manner .

lhe so-called " shadow" is always found in old work : I belieA r e it to be necessary to new . But in good Avork it never materially interferes Avith the flatness of the painting , or the transluceucy of the glass . It may be done by stippling ; or , by smearing over the surface a coat of enamel , and

removing- what is not Avanted Avith a hard brush .-it is really immaterial whicli plan is used , each artist having his OAVU favourite method . Shadowing is a necessary evil , and its excessive use has been one of the faults of modern Avork . After the glass is shadoAA ed , it is taken CIOAATI , and placed

piece by piece upon beds of dry whiting on iron plates ; then pv \ t in an iron kiln . There is no mystery in these kilns ; they are simply iron boxes , around which play the flames of a fire beneath ; a slab of fire-clay being interposed to prevent the direct action of the fire upon the bottom of the kiln . The object is to obtain a regular and hi g h degree

of heat , and to prevent the entrance of hot carburetted hydrogen from the fire , Avhich would reduce the oxide of lead in the flux to a metallic state , and so cause its disintegration . These kilns are usually made much too short ; a good size is 4 ft . long , 14 in . Avide , and 14 iu . high , open . in front .

It AA'ill admit six or seven iron plates , resting on ledges at the sides . The brickwork should be the best that could be obtained ; the bricks set close together , and grouted Avith fire-clay . The pieces of glass , when properly fired and annealedare put backpiece by piecein their places

, , , on the muslin , stretched on a flat bench . The glazier joins the pieces together with leaden bands , haAnng grooves on each side , as the ancients did ; but the modern lead , instead of being cast in a mould , like the clumsy stuff formerly used , is forced through dies to the exact gauge required .

The work is then soldered , and , when cemented , and fixed in its place , is preserved from injury by iron Avire guards ; copper guards are more yielding , more costly , and liable to be stolen . There can be no objection to memorial windows , but the present custom of placing the works ol

different artists in the same church , Avithout regard to architectural fitness , is an evil . Fancy the feelings of an architect , who , after the completion of his carefully-studied work , finds it to be considered merely as a frame for independent paintings on glass . I think it Avould conduce to

better ornamentation of the interior , if , at theerection of a church , a scheme of the Avhole of the painted Avindows Avere drawn out , and no departure from that scheme alloAved . The whole should be , if possible , the Avork of one artistAvhose style Avas thought to be the most

, suitable . Many schemes for a series of windows in a church , may be thought of . Take , for instance , the PoAver , Wisdom , and Goodness of God , Avhich was Dr . Buckland ' s mission in his Bridgewater Treatise ; the Doctrine of Atonement ; the Te Deum ; Illustrations of the Three Dispensations

, the Patriarchal , the Mosaic , ancl the Christian ; the Ministry of Angels ; the Acts of Mercy ; the Beatitudes ; or , the Miracles ; all afford grand series of subjects Avhich would be of far gueater interest than an ill-considered mixture of subjects from various sources .

There is some probability that the tAvo systems of decoration , stained glass and mosaic work , will , in England , become general ; they have never , that I am aAvare of , been united to any great extent in the same building . It has been contended that the use of one does away Avith the necessity

of the other . Chen'eul takes this vieAV , giving , as instances , St . Peter's at Rome of coloured , walls ., ancl Cologne Cathedral of coloured windoAvs . The free use at the Wolsey ' s Chapel , Windsor , of mosaics ancl stained glass , Avill , Avhen the work is completed , set this point at rest . I fear that the gold-ground mosaics , Avhich already suffer from the glaring g ilding of the principals , will be further