The Four Old Lodges.

THE FOUR OLD LODGES .

Bun . R . V . GOUT . D . ( Continued from page IDG . ) . ();

LIST No . 12 . FROM LIST OF LODGES , 1708 * ( W . COLE ) . 1 The West India and 2 Wed . tho Consti American Lodgo at . v 4 th tuted MITRE , FLEET ST A Masters Time Lodgo Imme

morial 2 Sign of Old Horn Lodg 2 nd - Time a Fleece Tofchil Street Thursday Imme Westminster morial

3 TnAxcnD LODGE OP 2 nd and 4 th JAN . HOUSE FKIEXDSIIIP Wodnes : 17 St . James St . 1721

4 Sign of 2 nd o 4 th Jan . 19 Crown and Chancery Tuesday 1721 Rolls Lane " » 5 TrRrAiy LODGE 1 st Jan . TALBOT Thursday 28 . 1721 .

6 LODGE or FORTITUDE 1 st and 3 d Feb . ROEBUCK 27 Oxford St . Wednesday 1722 7 Sign of Nov / 1 st and 3 rd ' Nov . King ' s Arms Bond St . Wednesday 25 1722

8 Ionic Lodge David street 3 rd May Sign of Grosvenor Tuesday 1725 Running Horse Square

9 Dundee Arms At their own Sign of same Private Room 2 nd e 4 th Red Lion St . Thursday 1722 . Wapping

10 Sign of Tho Globo 1 st e 3 rd March Mitre Lano Monday 28 Chatham 1723 * From Engraved List , Grand Lodge . At first view , the description of tho Lodges in the above

list would seem to be in direct conflict Avith that already given in a previous reprint from an Official List of 1770 ( see List No . 7 , ante ) : the following extract from the Book of Constitutions , 1784 , will , however , explain the apparent discrepancy : —

Nov . 24 , 1775 . (!)— "The Grand Secretary informed the Grand Lodge , that a Free-Masons' Calendar for 1775 and 177 G , had been published by the Company of Stationers without the sanction of the Society : and that a 3 he apprehended a publication of that kind , properly authorised , would bo acceptable to the fraternity , and

might be beneficial to tho Charity , he moved , that a Freemasons ' Calendar , under sanction of the Grand Lodge , bo pnblished , in opposition to that published by the Stationers Company ; and that the profits of such publication be appropriated to the general fund of the Society . —Tho question was put , and it passed in the affirmative . "

The Calendar of 1776 , cited by me in List 7 , proves , on re-investigation , to ho the unauthorised jmhlication , and a subsequent inspection of later Official ( engraved ) lists than I had previously had access to , leaves no doubt of its general inaccuracy , as will plainly appear by comparing with the List above .

The List for 1708 marks the period of transition in the nomenclature of Lodges ; distinctive names being frequently , but not yet universally , adopted . "With the exception of original No . 1 , which appears in 1700 as the West India and American Lodge , and is scarcely a case in

point , the first of the old Lodges ( under which title I classify all the Lodges whose descri ptions are exhibited above ) , to adopt a distinctive name , was the Lodge of Friendship , then No . 8 , which is so styled in W . Cole ' s List for 1707 ; in the following year ( 1768 ) , as shown

above , this example was followed by Nos . 2 ( Horn ) , 5 ( Tyrian ) , 6 ( Fortitude ) , and 8 ( Ionic ) . No further steps were taken in this direction until 1770 , when No . 1 became the Lodge of Antiquity , and No . 9 the Dundee Arms Lodge . In 1772 No 4 blossoms into the British Lodge . In 1777 No . 7 becomes the Tuscan Lodge ; but

The Four Old Lodges.

not until 1781 does No . 10 appear as the Kentish Lodge of Antiquity . It should be noted that the date of constitution of No . S in the 1708 List ( Ionic , now Royal Alpha ) is given as May 172 ? . A similar date is shown in the Lists for

1707 and 170 'J . It will be observed that tho " digits of the house * " are only shown with regard to six out of the ten Lodges above exhibited ( see Notes to List 11 ) . The Somerset House Lodgo , with which original No . 4 ( No . 2 Horn , above ) amalgamated about 1774 ' , was

constituted May 22 1702 , and is described in the Engraved List for 1703 as No . 299 " on Board H . M . Ship the Prince at Plymouth ; " in 1704-60 , as " on Board H . M . Ship tho Guadaloupe ; " and in . 1707-73 , as "the Sommerset House Lodo-e ( No . 219 on the numeration of 1770-81 ) at yo King ' s Arms , New Bond St . " (§ 10 , IV . )

It is highly probable that the removal of this Lodgo from Plymouth to London was effected at the instance of Bro . Thomas Duuckerley ? ( a ) This brother , whose period of service afloat , as a

warrant officer in the Navy , was contemporaneous with the existence of this and other Lodges in King ' s ships , was probably initiated in a Lodgo associated with the naval service .

( b ) The name assumed by the Lodge on its removal to London ( Somerset House ) , is identical with the place of residence of Bro . Dunckerley at that time , to whom quarters in " Somerset House" were assigned on the death of his mother .

( c ) The date of its removal to London ( 1707 ) corresponds with the year in which a pension of £ 100 per annum was settled on Bro . Dunckerley by the King .

THE LEGEND or TIIE MOUSE TOWEK . —Below Bingen the river becomes tho true " castellated Rhine . " Here begins tho narrow gorge of tho Rhino , cut through a chain of mountains running nearly at right angles to tho stream . It may be that tho river burst through a great mountain wall which opposed its progress at Bingen ; and it is certain that a wall of rock runs obliquely across at this

place , and has been broken through artificially at what is known as tho " Bingen Loch , " or " Hole of Bingen . " The deepest part of this channel lies under the castle of Ehrenfels , built by the archbishops of Maintz early in the thirteenth century . It was stormed in the Thirty Years' War ; but its destruction , like so much else in this country , is dne to the French in 1689 . It rises very picturesqnely above tho

river , while vineyards creep up to it from below , and the folding hills make a fitting background . Archbishop Hatto ' s namo is connected with Ehrenfels , but not more justly than with the quaint Miinsethurm , or Mouse Tower , on its island in the river below . 'Every one visits tbe Miinsethurm , and every one knows how the cruel archbishop induced the famishing people of Bingen to enter a great barn :

" Then , when he saw it could hold no more , Bishop Hatto ho made fast the door , And while for mercy on Christ they call , He set fire to the barn , and burnt them all . " So he went back to Ehrenfels , " and sat down to supper merrily . "

But that night was his last . A vast army of rats issued from the smoking barn . The bishop , in terror , fled to his river tower . But there was no escape for him . Tbe rats swam the river , climbed the walls , and crept by thonsands in at tho windows and loopholes . Then ' •' all at once to tho bishop they go . "

" They have whetted their teeth against the stones , Aud now thoy pick the bishop's bones ; They gnawed the flesh from every limb , For they were sent to do justice on him . " There are quaint pictures in some old German book which show ns tho rats scaling the tower , on the top of which nppoars tho

archbishop , with cope , mitre , and pastoral staff , whilst a couple of huge rats have made good their lodging on his shoulders . The story is " in print , " and if not " in choice Italian , " yet in the choicest high German . And yet , as far as Bishoy Hatto is concerned , it marks but the irony of fate . He was by no means a hard-hoavted prelate : and the Tower , which is much later than his time , was built for collect , ing tolls from the vessels that passed up and down the Rhino . The

same story is told of other bishops and of other rats . It is widely scattered , and occurs in Switzerland , in Sweden , in Poland , and elsewhere . Mr . Baring-Gould , who has collected many of these parallel stories , suggests that tho myth " points to sacrifices of chieftains and princes in times of famine "—of courso in heathen days— " and that the manner of offering the sacrifice was tho exposure of tho victim to rats . —From " Picturesque Europe " for August .

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