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  • Feb. 25, 1871
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  • BRO. HUGHAN AND THE BIBLE QUESTION.
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The Fair Sex And Adoptive Masonry.

THE FAIR SEX AND ADOPTIVE MASONRY .

ARTICLE I . Having occasionally heard through various channels that there were in existence female Masons in American territory , I resolved a short time since to secure , if possible , some

authoritative information respecting the mysterious craft in order to dispel the doubts of myself and several Masonic associates . By the courtesy ot an intimate friend just returned from the New World , I have been furnished with materials

which enable me to give very copious and interesting particulars appertaining to the sisterly community . I may premise that Free and Accepted Masons in this country and elsewhere , after having perused the several articles which form

my paper upon the subject , will readily understand that their ceremonies , lectures , & c , have not been violated , being totally different from those established by the female order . It can excite but little surprise that an attempt should have been made by the fair daughters of

Eve to organise a secret society among themselves , and no one will possibly show any determination to deprive them of the privilege of holding now and then a secret council , especially if the result of this communion is morall y and physically advantageous .

However faithful the members may have heretofore been to thc obligations imposed upon them at their initiation into the sisterhood , I should certainly not advocate their claims for admission into any lodge of Accepted Masons , but would strenuously oppose any endeavour to

overcome the objections urged against their participation of tlie privileges enjoyed by the Craft . I do not think it necessary that I should enter into any explanation as to the reasons which prompt me to exhibit this solicitude for the interests of the Brotherhood ; nor have I any

desire to argue the question often mooted in social gatherings , viz ., " Why females should not be entrusted with the same knowledge as that imparted to every Mason ? " If the explanation were given unreservedly , I feel convinced that I should incur the lasting displeasure of all the

ladies , besides being subjected to an unlimited torrent of reproaches . The historical essay upon the foundation , Sec , of certain secret institutions , as published in the " Manual of the Order of the Eastern Star , " is sufficiently interesting to warrant its production in these columns : —

" Secret societies imitating Freemasonry for the admission of females as members were ( says the author ) first organized in France during the early part of the eighteenth century , and still exist there , and in other parts of Europe , as a distinctive rite . By the term Adoptive Masonry is implied that

system of forms , ceremonies , and explanatory lectures which is communicated to certain classes of ladies who , from their relationship by blood or marriage to Master Masons in good standing , are entitled to thc respect and attention of the entire Fraternity . These ladies arc said to be adopted

into the Masonic communion because the system of forms , ceremonies , and lectures above referred to enables them to express their wishes , and gives satisfactory evidence of their claims in a manner that no stranger to the Masonic family can do . To the organizations thus established for the initiation

of females the French have given thc name of ' Adoptive Masonry , ' Maconnerie r / ' Adoption , ancl the lodges arc called J . oges d' Adoption , or ' Adoptive Lodges , " because every bdge of females was obliged to be adopted by , and under the guardianship of , some regular Masonic lodge . One of the

first of these societies was thc ' Order of Perfect Happiness , ' for so wc may be permitted to translate the name of ' Fclicilaircs , ' which thoy adopted . This society assumed a nautical character in its emblems and its vocabulary . It was divided into the four degrees of ' Cabin Bov , ' ' Master , ' '

Commodore , ' and 'Vice-Admiral . ' What little information wc have been enabled to obtain from a very brief notice of its ritual leads us to believe that it was not of a character to merit countenance . It did not long retain its existence , for two years afler its formation it gave place to the ' Kiiighis and Heroines of ' . he Anchor , ' whicli was , however , but

The Fair Sex And Adoptive Masonry.

a refinement of the original society , and preserved its formula of initiation and nearly all its ceremonies . In 1747 , one Beauchaine , the Master of one of the Parisian lodges , instituted a new society , which he called ' L' Ordre des Fendeurs , ' or the Order of Wood Cutters . This institution borrowed its

principal ceremonies from the society of the Carbonari , or Coal Burners , which had been previously established in Italy . The place of meeting of the Wood Cutters was called the ' Wood Yard , ' and was supposed to represent a forest ; the presiding officer was called ' Father Master , ' ancl the male and

female members were styled 'Cousins . ' This society became at once exceedingly popular , and the most distinguished ladies nnd gentlemen of France united themselves to v . It was consequently the cause of the institution of many similar societies , such as the Order of the Hatchet , of

Fidelity , & c . In consequence ofthe increasing popularity of the numerous secret associations which , in their external characters ancl myverious rites , attempted an imitation of Freemasonry—differing , however , from that Institution , of which they were , perhaps , the rivals for public favour , by the

admission of female members—the Grand Orient of France , in 1774 , established a new rite , called the ' Rite of Adoption , ' which was placed under the control ofthe Grand Orient . Rules and regulations were thenceforth provided for the government of these lodges of Adoption , one of which was that no

men should be permitted to attend them except regular Freemasons , and that each lodge should be placed under the charge , and held under the sanction and warrant of some regularly constituted Masonic lodge , whose Master or , in his absence , his Deputy should be the presiding officer , assisted

by a female president ov mistress . Under these regulations a Lodge of Adoption was opened in Paris in 1775 , under thc patronage ofthe Lodge of St . Anthony , and in which the Duchess of Bourbon presided , and was installed as Grand Mistress of the Adoptive Right . Many systems of Adoptive

Masonry have from time to time been introduced in the United States with varied success , noneofwhich , however , seem to possess the elements of permanency , except the Order of the Eastern Star , which was established in this country during the year 1778 . Thc success of this order , therefore ,

corresponds in its beneficence and usefulness with the extent of Freemasonry . Its obligations are based upon the honour ofthe female sex , and framedupon thc principles of equality and justice ; that whatever benefits are due by the Masonic Fraternity to the wives , widows , daughters , and sisters of Masons .

corresponding benefits are due from them to thc members ofthe Masonic Fraternity . The theory of the Order ofthe Eastern Star is founded upon the Holy Writings . Five prominent female characters , illustrating as many Masonic virtues , are selected , adopted , and placed under Masonic protection .

The selections arc : — " 1 . Jepthah ' s daughter , illustrating respect to thc binding force of a vow . " 2 . Ruth , illustrating devotion to religious principles . " 3 . Esther , illustrating fidelity to kindred and

friends . " 4 . Martha , illustrating undeviating faith in thc hour of trial . " 5 . Electra , illustrating patience and submission under wrongs . "These are all Masonic virtues , and havenowherc

in history more brilliant exemplars than in thc five characters illustrated in the lectures of the Order of the Eastern Star . " The honourable and exalted purposes had in view in its dissemination can have no opposition worthy the name . Its effects in winning to thc

advocacy of Masonry the vittttous , intelligent , and influential lady members of our families arc truly encouraging , and stimulate its friends to persevere in a general promulgation of the system . According to the tenets ofthe Order of the Eastern Star , Adoptive Masonry stands a bright monument to

female secrecy and fidelity , and proves how wrong all those are who fancy a woman is not to be trusted . There is not in the whole of the ceremonies of this rite a single point with which thc most ascetic moralist could find fault . On the contrary , all is pure , all is beautiful ; it is among thc brightest

jewels which spangles thc records of Masonry . As the Adoptive privileges ofthe lady entirely depend upon the good standing and affiliation of the brother through whom she is introduced , this system will be a strong inducement , it is thought , to keep

a brother , otherwise inclined to err , within thc bounds of morality . A general diffusion of this rite will tend to supersede the other so-called female degrees as being , at the best , but trivial and henceforth superfluous and useless . "

I purpose giving in my next article the prescribed rules and other matters calculated to engage thc attention ofa !! interested in the subject under discussion . C . S .

Bro. Hughan And The Bible Question.

BRO . HUGHAN AND THE BIBLE QUESTION .

( To the Editor of The Freemason . ) I trust that few readers of your paper will disagree with me that Bro . W . J . Hughan stands among the foremost in unearthing and bringing to light information derived from authenic sources . Among other productions from his

prolific pen , the Fraternity are particularly indebted to our worthy brother for his contribution to the "Kingston Annual , 1871 "—a history ofthe G . L . of York . Until very recently the said G . L . was regarded by many almost as a myth . Those who undertook to write about

it vied with each other , not to enlighten , but to befog . All the information they gave was that it began in the days of Athelstan , and ended , " the Lord knows when . " Bro . Findel threw some light on the subject , but Bro . Hughan exposed the whole to daylight I therefore

always take pleasure in reading Bro . Hughan ' s contributions , and have always relied on the correctness of his quotations , and generally approve of his inferences and conclusions . In your issue of January 7 th , Bro . Hughan clearly proved by many citations from old Constitutions ,

& c , that the bricklayer and stone-worker associations of the middle ages were , and had to be , Roman Catholics . I do not object to his proofs—nay , I even thank him for it , and earnestly wish that either Bro . Hughan or some enterprising brother would furnish the Masonic

world with a complete set of all the old documents and allusions appertaining to the old building guilds now scattered in the English libraries , so that brethren residing at a distance from their place of deposit might have an opportunity of judging for themselves the amount of

actual value the information derived from them could be to our Freemasonry . But while thanking Bro . Hughan even for the fragmentary extracts , I must most respectfully dissent from his motives for furnishing them , and the conclusions they lead him to . Bro . Hughan appears

to labour under the impression that those who would approve the removal of the Bible from the lodge were ignorant of the fact which his citations prove . Now , the only persons who expressed an opinion touching the removal of the Bible were Bro . Buchan ancl myself * but as

Bro . Buchan and myself never disputed the Christianity of the Operative Masons , the information of Bro . Hughan , as far as the retention of thc Bible is concerned , is superfluous . The question is not what religious belief was necessary in order to bean Operative , but a

Speculative Mason ; nor do I care whether Anderson copied the charges verbatim , or whether he composed them himself . The charges as printed by Anderson in 1723 were then received with applause , and they are still printed in our Constitutions . The question is , Are those charges

consistent with the retention of sectarianism , even the Bible , in our assemblies ? My opinion is , that the charges are as inconsistent with our practice as the American declaration , that " all men were born free and equal , " was with their Constitution when it legalised human slavery .

Bro . Hughan justly objects to the Scotch practice of pretending to cosmopolitanism , and when the candidate had crossed thc threshold of the lodge , to find out , that Scotch cosmopolitanism " is all my eye - " in short , Bro . Hughan objects to it because such practice is neither more nor

less than cheating ; and if my worthy brother had only followed up his own logic , he would have found that the Scotch practice and his own conclusions arc very much alike . Thc man who cheats another out of a pound inflicts a greater loss on his victim than the one who cheats to

the extent of a shilling •but in the eye of justice the offence is equal . Before , however , proceeding with my argument , I beg to premise that if a stranger were for thc first time to fall into a company of Christians ,

and listen to thc constant repetition of such phrases as " Christian charity , " " Christian goodness , " " Christian mercy , " " Christian civilisation , " & c , he might be led to imagine that Christianity possesses a code of ethics peculiar to itself , and that goodness , mercy , charity , & c ,

“The Freemason: 1871-02-25, Page 2” Masonic Periodicals Online, Library and Museum of Freemasonry, 1 June 2025, django:8000/periodicals/fvl/issues/fvl_25021871/page/2/.
  • List
  • Grid
Title Category Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS. Article 1
ROYAL MASONIC INSTITUTION FOR GIRLS. Article 1
FREEMASONRY in IRELAND. Article 1
THE FAIR SEX AND ADOPTIVE MASONRY. Article 2
BRO. HUGHAN AND THE BIBLE QUESTION. Article 2
Reports of Masonic Meetings. Article 4
ROYAL ARCH. Article 5
MARK MASONRY. Article 5
ROYAL ARK MASONRY. Article 5
ORDERS OF CHIVALRY. Article 5
ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE. Article 5
HOLY ORDER of K.H. and GRAND ELECTED KNIGHTS, or NE PLUS ULTRA. Article 5
Masonic Miscellanea. Article 5
Untitled Ad 6
Untitled Article 6
Births, Marriages, and Deaths. Article 6
Untitled Article 6
Untitled Article 6
Untitled Article 6
BUSINESS to be TRANSACTED in GRAND LODGE. Article 6
Multum in Parbo, or Masonic Notes and Queries. Article 7
Original Correspondence. Article 8
MASONIC FESTLVITTES. Article 8
THE ATRICAL. Article 9
MASONIC CURIOSITIES.—VIll. Article 9
A MASONIC TOUR. Article 10
AN APPEAL TO THE CRAFT. Article 10
SCOTLAND. Article 10
NORTH-EASTERN MASONIC CHARITABLE ASSOCIATION. Article 11
Poetry. Article 11
METROPOLITAN MASONIC MEETINGS Article 11
Untitled Ad 12
Untitled Ad 12
Untitled Ad 12
Untitled Ad 12
Untitled Ad 12
Untitled Ad 12
Untitled Ad 12
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.

The Fair Sex And Adoptive Masonry.

THE FAIR SEX AND ADOPTIVE MASONRY .

ARTICLE I . Having occasionally heard through various channels that there were in existence female Masons in American territory , I resolved a short time since to secure , if possible , some

authoritative information respecting the mysterious craft in order to dispel the doubts of myself and several Masonic associates . By the courtesy ot an intimate friend just returned from the New World , I have been furnished with materials

which enable me to give very copious and interesting particulars appertaining to the sisterly community . I may premise that Free and Accepted Masons in this country and elsewhere , after having perused the several articles which form

my paper upon the subject , will readily understand that their ceremonies , lectures , & c , have not been violated , being totally different from those established by the female order . It can excite but little surprise that an attempt should have been made by the fair daughters of

Eve to organise a secret society among themselves , and no one will possibly show any determination to deprive them of the privilege of holding now and then a secret council , especially if the result of this communion is morall y and physically advantageous .

However faithful the members may have heretofore been to thc obligations imposed upon them at their initiation into the sisterhood , I should certainly not advocate their claims for admission into any lodge of Accepted Masons , but would strenuously oppose any endeavour to

overcome the objections urged against their participation of tlie privileges enjoyed by the Craft . I do not think it necessary that I should enter into any explanation as to the reasons which prompt me to exhibit this solicitude for the interests of the Brotherhood ; nor have I any

desire to argue the question often mooted in social gatherings , viz ., " Why females should not be entrusted with the same knowledge as that imparted to every Mason ? " If the explanation were given unreservedly , I feel convinced that I should incur the lasting displeasure of all the

ladies , besides being subjected to an unlimited torrent of reproaches . The historical essay upon the foundation , Sec , of certain secret institutions , as published in the " Manual of the Order of the Eastern Star , " is sufficiently interesting to warrant its production in these columns : —

" Secret societies imitating Freemasonry for the admission of females as members were ( says the author ) first organized in France during the early part of the eighteenth century , and still exist there , and in other parts of Europe , as a distinctive rite . By the term Adoptive Masonry is implied that

system of forms , ceremonies , and explanatory lectures which is communicated to certain classes of ladies who , from their relationship by blood or marriage to Master Masons in good standing , are entitled to thc respect and attention of the entire Fraternity . These ladies arc said to be adopted

into the Masonic communion because the system of forms , ceremonies , and lectures above referred to enables them to express their wishes , and gives satisfactory evidence of their claims in a manner that no stranger to the Masonic family can do . To the organizations thus established for the initiation

of females the French have given thc name of ' Adoptive Masonry , ' Maconnerie r / ' Adoption , ancl the lodges arc called J . oges d' Adoption , or ' Adoptive Lodges , " because every bdge of females was obliged to be adopted by , and under the guardianship of , some regular Masonic lodge . One of the

first of these societies was thc ' Order of Perfect Happiness , ' for so wc may be permitted to translate the name of ' Fclicilaircs , ' which thoy adopted . This society assumed a nautical character in its emblems and its vocabulary . It was divided into the four degrees of ' Cabin Bov , ' ' Master , ' '

Commodore , ' and 'Vice-Admiral . ' What little information wc have been enabled to obtain from a very brief notice of its ritual leads us to believe that it was not of a character to merit countenance . It did not long retain its existence , for two years afler its formation it gave place to the ' Kiiighis and Heroines of ' . he Anchor , ' whicli was , however , but

The Fair Sex And Adoptive Masonry.

a refinement of the original society , and preserved its formula of initiation and nearly all its ceremonies . In 1747 , one Beauchaine , the Master of one of the Parisian lodges , instituted a new society , which he called ' L' Ordre des Fendeurs , ' or the Order of Wood Cutters . This institution borrowed its

principal ceremonies from the society of the Carbonari , or Coal Burners , which had been previously established in Italy . The place of meeting of the Wood Cutters was called the ' Wood Yard , ' and was supposed to represent a forest ; the presiding officer was called ' Father Master , ' ancl the male and

female members were styled 'Cousins . ' This society became at once exceedingly popular , and the most distinguished ladies nnd gentlemen of France united themselves to v . It was consequently the cause of the institution of many similar societies , such as the Order of the Hatchet , of

Fidelity , & c . In consequence ofthe increasing popularity of the numerous secret associations which , in their external characters ancl myverious rites , attempted an imitation of Freemasonry—differing , however , from that Institution , of which they were , perhaps , the rivals for public favour , by the

admission of female members—the Grand Orient of France , in 1774 , established a new rite , called the ' Rite of Adoption , ' which was placed under the control ofthe Grand Orient . Rules and regulations were thenceforth provided for the government of these lodges of Adoption , one of which was that no

men should be permitted to attend them except regular Freemasons , and that each lodge should be placed under the charge , and held under the sanction and warrant of some regularly constituted Masonic lodge , whose Master or , in his absence , his Deputy should be the presiding officer , assisted

by a female president ov mistress . Under these regulations a Lodge of Adoption was opened in Paris in 1775 , under thc patronage ofthe Lodge of St . Anthony , and in which the Duchess of Bourbon presided , and was installed as Grand Mistress of the Adoptive Right . Many systems of Adoptive

Masonry have from time to time been introduced in the United States with varied success , noneofwhich , however , seem to possess the elements of permanency , except the Order of the Eastern Star , which was established in this country during the year 1778 . Thc success of this order , therefore ,

corresponds in its beneficence and usefulness with the extent of Freemasonry . Its obligations are based upon the honour ofthe female sex , and framedupon thc principles of equality and justice ; that whatever benefits are due by the Masonic Fraternity to the wives , widows , daughters , and sisters of Masons .

corresponding benefits are due from them to thc members ofthe Masonic Fraternity . The theory of the Order ofthe Eastern Star is founded upon the Holy Writings . Five prominent female characters , illustrating as many Masonic virtues , are selected , adopted , and placed under Masonic protection .

The selections arc : — " 1 . Jepthah ' s daughter , illustrating respect to thc binding force of a vow . " 2 . Ruth , illustrating devotion to religious principles . " 3 . Esther , illustrating fidelity to kindred and

friends . " 4 . Martha , illustrating undeviating faith in thc hour of trial . " 5 . Electra , illustrating patience and submission under wrongs . "These are all Masonic virtues , and havenowherc

in history more brilliant exemplars than in thc five characters illustrated in the lectures of the Order of the Eastern Star . " The honourable and exalted purposes had in view in its dissemination can have no opposition worthy the name . Its effects in winning to thc

advocacy of Masonry the vittttous , intelligent , and influential lady members of our families arc truly encouraging , and stimulate its friends to persevere in a general promulgation of the system . According to the tenets ofthe Order of the Eastern Star , Adoptive Masonry stands a bright monument to

female secrecy and fidelity , and proves how wrong all those are who fancy a woman is not to be trusted . There is not in the whole of the ceremonies of this rite a single point with which thc most ascetic moralist could find fault . On the contrary , all is pure , all is beautiful ; it is among thc brightest

jewels which spangles thc records of Masonry . As the Adoptive privileges ofthe lady entirely depend upon the good standing and affiliation of the brother through whom she is introduced , this system will be a strong inducement , it is thought , to keep

a brother , otherwise inclined to err , within thc bounds of morality . A general diffusion of this rite will tend to supersede the other so-called female degrees as being , at the best , but trivial and henceforth superfluous and useless . "

I purpose giving in my next article the prescribed rules and other matters calculated to engage thc attention ofa !! interested in the subject under discussion . C . S .

Bro. Hughan And The Bible Question.

BRO . HUGHAN AND THE BIBLE QUESTION .

( To the Editor of The Freemason . ) I trust that few readers of your paper will disagree with me that Bro . W . J . Hughan stands among the foremost in unearthing and bringing to light information derived from authenic sources . Among other productions from his

prolific pen , the Fraternity are particularly indebted to our worthy brother for his contribution to the "Kingston Annual , 1871 "—a history ofthe G . L . of York . Until very recently the said G . L . was regarded by many almost as a myth . Those who undertook to write about

it vied with each other , not to enlighten , but to befog . All the information they gave was that it began in the days of Athelstan , and ended , " the Lord knows when . " Bro . Findel threw some light on the subject , but Bro . Hughan exposed the whole to daylight I therefore

always take pleasure in reading Bro . Hughan ' s contributions , and have always relied on the correctness of his quotations , and generally approve of his inferences and conclusions . In your issue of January 7 th , Bro . Hughan clearly proved by many citations from old Constitutions ,

& c , that the bricklayer and stone-worker associations of the middle ages were , and had to be , Roman Catholics . I do not object to his proofs—nay , I even thank him for it , and earnestly wish that either Bro . Hughan or some enterprising brother would furnish the Masonic

world with a complete set of all the old documents and allusions appertaining to the old building guilds now scattered in the English libraries , so that brethren residing at a distance from their place of deposit might have an opportunity of judging for themselves the amount of

actual value the information derived from them could be to our Freemasonry . But while thanking Bro . Hughan even for the fragmentary extracts , I must most respectfully dissent from his motives for furnishing them , and the conclusions they lead him to . Bro . Hughan appears

to labour under the impression that those who would approve the removal of the Bible from the lodge were ignorant of the fact which his citations prove . Now , the only persons who expressed an opinion touching the removal of the Bible were Bro . Buchan ancl myself * but as

Bro . Buchan and myself never disputed the Christianity of the Operative Masons , the information of Bro . Hughan , as far as the retention of thc Bible is concerned , is superfluous . The question is not what religious belief was necessary in order to bean Operative , but a

Speculative Mason ; nor do I care whether Anderson copied the charges verbatim , or whether he composed them himself . The charges as printed by Anderson in 1723 were then received with applause , and they are still printed in our Constitutions . The question is , Are those charges

consistent with the retention of sectarianism , even the Bible , in our assemblies ? My opinion is , that the charges are as inconsistent with our practice as the American declaration , that " all men were born free and equal , " was with their Constitution when it legalised human slavery .

Bro . Hughan justly objects to the Scotch practice of pretending to cosmopolitanism , and when the candidate had crossed thc threshold of the lodge , to find out , that Scotch cosmopolitanism " is all my eye - " in short , Bro . Hughan objects to it because such practice is neither more nor

less than cheating ; and if my worthy brother had only followed up his own logic , he would have found that the Scotch practice and his own conclusions arc very much alike . Thc man who cheats another out of a pound inflicts a greater loss on his victim than the one who cheats to

the extent of a shilling •but in the eye of justice the offence is equal . Before , however , proceeding with my argument , I beg to premise that if a stranger were for thc first time to fall into a company of Christians ,

and listen to thc constant repetition of such phrases as " Christian charity , " " Christian goodness , " " Christian mercy , " " Christian civilisation , " & c , he might be led to imagine that Christianity possesses a code of ethics peculiar to itself , and that goodness , mercy , charity , & c ,

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