Literature.

Bro .-the Earl cle Grey and Ripon , P . G . AAs , held , a reception on AA ecl . nosclay , the 8 th inst ., at Carlton House Terrace . Tho company included all the literary and scientific celebrities of the clay , and AA-as both numorous and brilliant . Tables and Avails were ciiA-ercd ivith interestingrecords of geographical discovery . His lordship ' s second reception will take place on AA ' ednesday evening next . Tho Jewish Chronicle announces that " Mr . L . AI . Rothschild has

purchased the Sussex Hall Library , which was about being brought under the hammer , consisting of about 4 , ( 100 volumes , nnd containing a collection of valuable Hebrew ivorks . Afr . Rothschild has presented the library to the . Tews' College , 10 , Finsbury Scpiare . It is expected that arrangements ivill be made ivkereby the books will likewise become available as a free library for the benefit of the Jewish community . " In the " AYorkmg Men ' s College Magazine" ( the origin of ivhich is

explained by its title ) , there is appearing monthly a series of papers by T . R . Bennett , Esq ., M . A ., Christchurch , Oxon , Barrister-at-Law , the object of Avhicli is to trace the rise and development of the principle of trade combination ; to shoiv the relation between the Guilds of former times aucl the trade societies of the present ; and to give an account of the results of past strikes , successful or unsuccessful . The council of the AYorking Men ' s College have resolved to devote a portion of the

magazine to a discussion of the subject . Among the contributors to this magazine are those distinguished promoters of the College , the Rev . Mr . Maurice , Afr . Buskin , and Air . Hughes , the author of " Tom Brown . " A collection of old manuscripts and books on Freemasonry , Atagic , Mesmerism , Miracles , and occult learning generally , is announced for public sale next week . AA e shall look after the curious catalogue . The Science and Art Department of the Committee of Council on

Education has just published a statement of the results of the Examination of Candidates for Teachers' Certificates in Science , held in November and December , 1859 . From this document it appears that 100 candidates presented themselves for examination , and of these , sixty-seven obtained certificates . The largest number of candidates presented themselves for examination in chemistry , and the smallest number in natural history . On the whole , this must be looked upon as

a good beginning of natural-science teaching in our schools . On tho 28 th of last month , died at Munich , in her 84 th year , tho widow of Jean Paul Ricliter , daughter of the late Goheime-Ober-Tribunal-Itath Mayer , nfc Berlin . She married Jean Paul Richter in 1 S 01 , and was left a widow by him in 1825 . AA ' e are sorry to add ( on the authority of the Athenwum ) that the only son of this marriage ( a daughter , the wife of Dr . Ernest Foster , lives at Munich ) , died miserably

at Heidelberg , ivhere he studied . E . M . Arnelt , too , has left a widow . She is the sister of Sehleiermacher , and the poet ' s secorrd wife , " the true and brave companion of my life , " as he repeatedly called her . It has been proposed that Arnelt ' s little property , the house and garden near Bonn , iu which he lived almost half a century , should be made national property . The aged poet took the greatest delight in the cultivation of his garden , and n-as seen only last summer at the top of his

trees , pruning and trimming them . At the time of his disgrace in 1819 , he acknoAA'ledgecl with grateful feelings that he was not driven out of " his little paradise . " Tho now work by Professor Owen , to bo published by Mr . Murray , will be entitled , " Manual of Fossil Mammals , including ihe substance of the course of Lectures on Osteology aud Paleontology of the class Mammalia , delivered at tho Metropolitan School of Science , Jermynstreot . "

Tho Academy of Moral and Political Sciences at Paris has awarded the prize for the best work on the Leibnitz philosophy to the Professor at the Lyceie Napoleon , At . Nourrisson , and to the Count Foucher de Cured . Afr . C . T . Neivton is preparing for the press a history of his . recent discoveries at Halicarnassus , Cnidus , and Branchidai ; being the results of an expedition sent to Asia Minor by Her Majesty ' s Government in

October , 185 ( 5 . The work is to bo limited to 300 copies , fifty of which are taken for the British Museum . Plenty of material has been gathered already for the biography of Field-Marshal You Gneisenau , with which . Dr . Pert- / , has beeu entrusted . Several thousand letters of the General are now in the hands of Dr . Pertz , and he hopes soon to be able to publish the first part of the work . AA e hear from Berlin that the large work on " Egyptian Monuments " by lepsius , is now complete . It was begun twelve years ago , and has appeared in six parts , which form twelve volumes . Illustrated with excellent drawings and maps , Herr lepsius offers in this work to tli **

scientific world the result of his travels in Egypt and Ethiopia . Ihe whole ivork has been published at the cost of the King . The Society of Arts met on the Sth instant , when the chair ivas taken by Colonel Cunlifl ' o Owen , R . E ., C . B . Tho paper read AIMS "On the Alcans of Increasing tho . Production of Sheep's AVool anil of Angora Goat's AVool , " by Air . Leonard AA ' ray . The author began by drawing attention to the remarkable progress ivhich this country had made in

manufactures , more especially in thoso bearing directly or indirectly upon the subject of . this ynipev . The flem-vnil fer the raw liiateviai ivas thus constantly increasing' ; and , notwithstanding the efforts made on all hands to meet it , the supply was in most cases quite ? inadequate , and our industrial progress had often thus been seriously impeded . AA'ith reference to the first part of his subject , the author noticed the principal sources of the supply of wool , particularly the British colonies . He

pointed out the difficulties under which the Australian sheep-breeders suffered , from ivhich those of New Zealand were comparatively free . After touching upon the Cape , and other wool-producing colonies , he said that few persons were in the habit of regarding India as a great wool-producing country , and most people would be surprised to learn that , inl 85 S , the three Presidencies of India exported 18 , 500 , 000 lbs . of wool , of which upwards of 17 , 000 , 000 lbs . were brought into Great

Britain . This quantity , however , afforded but a very inadequate idea of the actual production of this staple in so vast and so populous an empire as British India ; and the author , from his OAVII personal knowledge of tho country , believed that its wool might be very materially improved in quality' and enormously increased in quantity , for hardly any Europeans had yet fairly undertaken the breeding of sheep on an extensive scale iu any part of India . Having put forward suggestions for improving the breed of sheep in India , unci thereby for increasing the production of wool , Afr . AA'ray pointed out the reason wlij' so small a quantity was produced in the United States . AA'ith regard to this country and many

of our colonies , he was of opinion that tho Chinese breed of sheep , of ivhich a small number had been sent to England a few years ago , might most advantageously be again introduced into this country . Their fecundity was most remarkable , the ewes frequently producing three and even five lambs at a birth . AVith regard to the Angora goat , the principal point to which he wished to draiv attention was the advantages to be derived by crossing thenl with goats of the ordinary breed , which at

present were of little value . Tlie young produced by crossing the male of the Asiatic goat and the female ofthe common goat assumed all the characteristics ofthe former . This hail been tried ivith the most perfect •success ; and he thought , considering tho facility with which so valuable a material as Angora goats' hair could thus bo produced , the question was well worth the attention of our- manufacturers . At the meeting of the Royal Society on the . 2 nd instant , Sir

Benjamin Brodie , President , was in the chair . The Right Hon . Sir E . Ryan was elected a Fellow . The following papers ivere read . " On the Hereditary Transmission of an Epileptiform Affection accidentally produced , " by B . Scsijuavcl . " On the Saccharine Function o £ the liver , " by Dr . Harley . The author related " a number' of experiments which he bad performed in concert with Professor Sharpey ; the results of which experiments show that the animal as ivell as the vegetable kingdom possesses a sugar forming power . The conclusions the author arrived

at are m favour of the folloiving generally received views upon this interesting subject : —1 . Sugar is a normal constituent of healthy blood . 2 . Tlie portal blood of an animal fed on a mixed died contains sugar ; but that of a fasting animal , as well as of one fed solely on flesh , is devoid of saccharine matter . 3 . The livers of healthy animals contain sugar irrespective of the kind of food . 4 . The sugar found in tlie bodies of omnivorous animals is partly derived directly from their food ,

partly formed , by their oivn livers . 5 . The livers of carnivorous animals possess the power of forming a substance called gUicogenc ; which glucogeue is , at least iu part , transformed into sugar in the liver . At . tho late meeting of the Eoyal Society of Literature , the Bishop of St . Davids presided . Tlie master of Ahirkefc Bosivorth School and R . B . Haynes , Esq ., were elected members . Mr . Vaux read a paper communicated by Mr . Akermau , " On certain Excavations at Long AYiltenham ,

Berks , iu Anglo-Saxon Graves , " by J . Y . Akorman , Esq ., Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries , in i \ -liich an account ivas given of some remarkable researches made by that gentleman during the months of September and October last . The result of these was the opening of not less than 127 graves ; a large proportion of them containing skeletons in excellent preservation , together with a large collection of other curious objects , most of them referring to male or female attire , but unquestionably of the best period of Anglo- . Sax . on Art , Afr , Akennan